THE GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL PROSPERITY

&EMERGENCE OF MASS SOCIETY

Chapter 20 .1-2Pages 652-665

2nd Industrial Revolution Impact p.652-655• 1st Industrial Rev. -textiles, railroads, iron & coal. • 2nd Industrial Rev. -steel, chemicals, electricity & petroleum -

economies more productive.– Increased manufactured goods sales =increased wages – Steam ship & railroad = lower transportation cost = cheaper

products. • Industrialized trades with unindustrialized

– Assembly line- efficient mass production (Henry Ford)

Reforms for the working class p.655-657• Reformers -industrial capitalism brutal. – moderates -gradual changes.– Radical –abolish capitalism for socialism• Karl Marx–Oppressors(bourgeoisie/factory owners/control

gov & society) vs. oppressed (proletariat/ workers)»Revolution-winner proletariat -Classless

society • 2 socialist Groups–Pure Marxist-violent revolution –Revisionist –work with political parties

• Trade unions -workers rights

The New Urban Environment p. 658-659• Few rural jobs-Urbanization increased– Crowed &unsanitary– Mass society demands gov. attention• Increased standard of living–Public Health & Sanitation»Boards of health-improve housing»Sewage systems-underground pipes

Industrial Age Social Structure page 660• The New Elite – Industrialists, bankers, & merchants +old world

landed aristocracy =new elite. – gov & military Leaders.

• The Middle Class– lawyers, doctors, business managers, accountants, – values that dominated society. • Hard work =good results

• The Working Class – landholding peasants, farm laborers, &

sharecroppers.

Women’s Experiences 661-662

• 1800’s identity• Inferior to men & homemakers

– New Job Opportunities–Secretaries, typists, & sales clerks

– Less children –more attention (family centered)– Feminism – fight for women's rights & suffrage

Education & leisure pages 664-665– Public education- needed new jobs, patriotism & voting– Leisure –time after work• Scheduled, passive, paid activities

Section 20-1 Review• The working class• Proletariat• What elements made possible the Second

Industrial Revolution?• Steel. Chemicals, electricity, and petroleum• The little-industrial nations of southern and

eastern Europe provided what for the industrial countries?

• Food and raw materials

Section 20-1 Review

• Engine type fired by oil and gasoline• Internal-combustion• According to Marx, the means of production

were owned by who?• The ruling class oppressors• One form of Marxist socialism was eventually

called what?• Communism• Marxists who rejected violent revolution• revisionists

Section 20-1 Review• Absolute governmental power by an individual

or a group• Dictatorship• Organized work stoppages called by unions• Strikes• The Second International was an association

of what kind of group?• socialist

Section 20-2 Review• Workers without training or experience• Unskilled labor• 3 reasons that Urban populations grew ? • More jobs brought more people into the city,

improved living conditions helped people survive living close together, and medical officers and building inspectors watched for hazards.

Section 20-2 Review• The right to vote• Suffrage• Movement for women’s rights• Feminism• The new wealthy elite in Europe consisted of

aristocrats and ___, _____, and ______.• Industrialists, bankers, and merchants.• The ability to read• literacy

Section 20-2 Review• The European middle classes tended to

believe in the ideas of what 2 things?• Hard work and etiquette• Public education helped make people more

what?• Patriotic• Compulsory elementary education eventually

created a new demand for what 3 tings?• Teachers, female colleges, and newspapers.

Section 20-2 Review• Central institution of middle-class life• The family• The Second Industrial Revolution opened up

jobs for whom?• women