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TheEarth’sSurface
EarthScience/Grade4
Inthisunit,studentsinvestigatetheprocessesoferosionandweatheringthroughhands-oninvestigation.Theywillseehowtheseprocessesaffecttheformationoflandforms.Studentswillanalyzedifferenttypesofmapstolookforpatternsanddesignasolutiontomitigatetheeffectsofanearthquake.
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UnitCreationandRevisionHistoryAuthorsJeanBacon,AdministratorforTeachingandLearning,NorthAdamsPublicSchoolsLindsayOsterhoudt,ScienceCoordinator,NorthAdamsPublicSchoolsKathyAtwood,Grade3Teacher,NorthAdamsPublicSchoolsTroySegala,BusinessAdministrationManagementmajor,MassachusettsCollegeofLiberalArtsRevisions,Summer2015JessicaL.Wojcik,InterdisciplinaryStudiesmajor,Educationmajor,SocialWorkminor,MassachusettsCollegeofLiberalArtsGraceSullivan,EnglishandWomen’sStudiesmajor,WilliamsCollegeRevisions,Summer2016DiegoGarcia,ComputerSciencemajor,WilliamsCollegeAnnieGagnon,Biologymajor,MassachusettsCollegeofLiberalArts
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License/CopyrightInformationThiscurriculumunitislicensedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0).(CCBY-NC-SA3.0)
Pleaseseethefulltextofthislicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)toviewallrightsandrestrictionsassociatedwithit.ThisunitwasdevelopedwithfundingfromtheNationalScienceFoundationDOE-IUSEAwardNo.1432591Thisunitisdownloadableathttp://mcla.edu/About_MCLA/area/Community-Collaborations/stempipeline/Teach2Learn/teaching-to-learnUnderthislicense,youarefree:toShare—tocopy,distributeandtransmittheworktoRemix—toadapttheworkandincorporateitintoyourownpracticeUnderthefollowingconditions:Attribution—Youmustattributetheworkinthemannerspecifiedas“TeachtoLearnAttribution”below.Youcannotattributetheworkinanymannerthatsuggeststheprogramorstaffendorsesyouoryouruseofthework.Noncommercial—Youmaynotusethisworkforcommercialpurposes.ShareAlike—Ifyoualter,transform,orbuilduponthiswork,youmaydistributetheresultingworkonlyunderthesameCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0license(CCBY-NC-SA3.0).TeachtoLearn’sAttribution:©2016TeachtoLearn.Allrightsreserved.Translations:Ifyoucreatetranslatedversionsofthismaterial(incompliancewiththislicense),pleasenotifyprincipalinvestigator,[email protected]/orlinktosuchtranslatedversions(eitherasis,orasfurthermodifiedbyTeachtoLearn.)
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TableofContents
UnitPlan
Lesson1:WhatisaRock?
Lesson2:MineralMystery
Lesson3:WhatisErosion?
Lesson4:HowisSoilMade?
Lesson5:IsAllSoiltheSame?
Lesson6:WhatisaPhysicalMap?
Lesson7:EarthquakeandFaultLines
CEPA
UnitResources
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UNITPLANStage1DesiredResults[2006]4-ESS-3Identifythethreecategoriesofrocks(metamorphic,igneous,andsedimentary)basedonhowtheyareformedandexplainthenaturalphysicalprocessesthatcreatetheserocks.
[2006]3-5ESS-2Identifythephysicalpropertiesofminerals(hardness,color,luster,cleavage,andstreak),andexplainhowmineralscanbetestedforthesedifferentphysicalproperties
[2006]4-ESS-5.Recognizeanddiscussthedifferentpropertiesofsoil,includingcolor,texture(sizeofparticles),abilitytoretainwaterandtheabilitytosupportthegrowthofplants.
[2016]4-ESS1-1.Useevidencefromagivenlandscapethatincludessimplelandformsandrocklayerstosupportaclaimabouttheroleoferosionor
MeaningUNDERSTANDINGS UStudentswillunderstandthat...a. Local,regional,andglobalpatternsofrockformationsrevealchangesovertimeduetoforcessuchasearthquakes.Thepresenceandlocationofcertainfossiltypesindicatetheorderinwhichrocklayerswereformed.
b. Howlandformsdevelop,areweathered(brokendownintosmallerpieces),anderode(gettransportedelsewhere)canhelpinferthehistoryofthecurrentlandscape.
c. Rainfallhelpstoshapethelandandimpactthelivingthingsfoundinaregion.
d. Water,ice,wind,andlivingorganismsbreakrocks,soils,andsedimentsintosmallerparticlesandmovethemaround.
ESSENTIALQUESTIONS QQ:HowhasMountGreylockchangedover
time?
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depositionintheformationofthelandscapeoverlongperiodsoftime.[ClarificationStatements:Examplesofevidenceandclaimscouldincluderocklayerswithshellfossilsaboverocklayerswithplantfossilsandnoshells,indicatingachangefromdepositiononlandtodepositioninwaterovertime;andacanyonwithrocklayersinthewallsandariverinthebottom,indicatingthatarivererodedtherockovertime.Examplesofsimplelandformscanincludevalleys,hills,mountains,plains,andcanyons.Focusshouldbeonrelativetime.][StateAssessmentBoundary:Specificdetailsofthemechanismsofrockformationorspecificrockformationsandlayersarenotexpectedinstateassessment.]
[2016]4-ESS2-1.Makeobservationsandcollectdatatoprovideevidencethatrocks,soils,andsedimentsarebrokenintosmallerpiecesthroughmechanicalweatheringandmovedaroundthrougherosion.[ClarificationStatements:Mechanicalweatheringprocessescanincludefrostwedging,abrasion,andtreerootwedging.
e. Thelocationsofmountainranges,deepoceantrenches,oceanfloorstructures,earthquakes,andvolcanoesoccurinpatterns.Mostearthquakesandvolcanoesoccurinbandsthatareoftenalongtheboundariesbetweencontinentsandoceans.Majormountainchainsforminsidecontinentsorneartheiredges.
StudentTargetsStudentswillbeableto1.Describethedifferentprocessesbywhichsedimentary,igneous,andmetamorphicrocksform
2.Performappropriateteststodeterminethehardness,color,luster,cleavage,andstreakofdifferentminerals
3.Notedifferencesbetweenrocksandminerals
4.Usepreviouslyrecordeddatatoidentifydifferentminerals
5.Explainhowsoilisformedthroughdecompositionandweathering
6.Illustratetheconnectionbetweensoilformation(e.g.ratiosoforganicmattertominerals)anditscolorandtexture
7.Identifywhataphysicalmapisandwhatitconsistsof
8.Readscientificmapsofmountainranges,trenches,activevolcanoes,andearthquakes
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Erosioncanincludemovementbyblowingwind,flowingwater,andmovingice.][StateAssessmentBoundary:Chemicalprocessesarenotexpectedinstateassessment.][2016]4-ESS2-2.AnalyzeandinterpretmapsofEarth’smountainranges,deepoceantrenches,volcanoes,andearthquakeepicenterstodescribepatternsofthesefeaturesandtheirlocationsrelativetoboundariesbetweencontinentsandoceans.
[2016]4-ESS3-2.Evaluatedifferentsolutionstoreducetheimpactsofanaturaleventsuchasanearthquake,blizzard,orfloodonhumans.*[ClarificationStatement:Examplesofsolutionscouldincludeanearthquake-resistantbuildingoraconstructedwetlandtomitigateflooding.]
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Stage2–EvidenceEvaluativeCriteria AssessmentEvidence CEPA:DesignanerosionpreventionsystemforasitethatispronetowatererosiononMt.
Greylockusingdifferentbarrierssuchastrees,rocks,anddrainagepipes.Thegoalistocreateasystemthatpreventssoilfromwashingaway.OTHEREVIDENCE: OEPlanetEarthNewspaperJournalentriesClassdiscussionsPracticeMCASquestions
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Stage3–LearningPlanLesson1:Studentsareencouragedtothinklikegeologistsandbecomeacquaintedwiththeeightsciencepractices.Throughclassdiscussionandthe“TypesofRocks”song,theywillbeintroducedtometamorphic,sedimentary,andigneousrocks.Ingroups,theywillgeneratequestionsaboutthesetypesofrocksandthenexplorethemwithhandlensesandrockkits.Lesson2:Studentswillperformtestsonacollectionofmineralstodeterminewhichtypeofmineraltheyare.Thesciencefellowandteachershouldcarefullyreadoverthelessonbeforeteachingtogainabetterunderstandingoftheconceptstheywillneedtoexplaintothestudents.Studentswillbecreatingachartaboutthemysterymineralsanddesignanadfortheirrocknewspaperportfolioproject.Lesson3:ThroughtheuseofaPowerPointpresentation,studentswillseeandidentifyexamplesofweatheringanderosion.Theywillhavetheopportunitytoexploretheeffectsofweatheringanderosionontheenvironmentthroughexperiments.Lesson4:Studentswillexploreasampleofsoil.ThestudentswilllearnthepartsofsoilbyparticipatingintheHumanSoilGame.Fortherocknewspaperportfoliostudentswillbecreatingarecipeforsoil.Lesson5:Studentswilllearnthedifferencebetweentypesofsoilandthewaysinwhichsoilandrocksaremovedtocreatelandforms.Itbeginswithadiscussionofthestudents’ownbackyardsinordertoengagestudentsindescribingtheenvironment.Studentswillusescientificpracticestorecordtheresultsoftheirexperimentanddeterminewhichtypeofsoilisbestforplanting.Then,thestudentswilluseartisticphotographyoftheBerkshirestoidentifylandformsandconstructargumentssurroundingtheweathering,erosion,ordepositionthatmayhavecausedthemtoform.Thecreationoflandformswillbemodeledusingan“icecubeglacier”andPlay-Doh.
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Lesson6:Studentswilllearnnewvocabularywordsanddoanactivitysearchingforwordstheyassociatewithphysicalmaps.Studentswillalsoreadanarticleaboutdifferenttypesofmapsandtakeaquiz.Fortherocknewspaperportfolio,studentswillbecreatingaphysicalmapofMassachusetts.Lesson7:Inthislesson,studentswilllearnaboutnaturaldisasters,theywillthinkaboutpotentialwaystoprotectthemselvesagainstnaturaldisastersorwaystolessentheeffectsbyexperimentingwithvolcanoes,earthquakes,andfloods.Fortherocknewspaperportfolioprojectstudentswillbecreatinga“HowtoSurvivea[naturaldisaster]guide.AdaptedfromMassachusettsDepartmentofElementaryandSecondaryEducation’sModelCurriculumUnitTemplate.OriginallybasedonUnderstandingbyDesign2.0©2011GrantWigginsandJayMcTighe.UsedwithPermissionJuly2012
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TieredVocabularyListTier1 Tier2 Tier3LensColorSoilClayLoamSand
Continents
OrganicHardnessStreakTexture
DecompositionNonorganicDecayingLandformsParticlesScale
Boundaries
SedimentaryIgneous
MetamorphicGeologistMineralCrystalLusterCleavage
FrostwedgingTreerootwedging
ErosionWeatheringlegend
TrenchesCompassrose
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Lesson1:WhatisaRock?BACKGROUND
OverviewoftheLessonStudentsareencouragedtothinklikegeologistsandbecomeacquaintedwiththeeightsciencepractices.Throughclassdiscussionandthe“TypesofRocks”song,theywillbeintroducedtometamorphic,sedimentary,andigneousrocks.Ingroups,theywillgeneratequestionsaboutthesetypesofrocksandthenexplorethemwithhandlensesandrockkits.FocusStandards[2006]4-ESS-3Identifythethreecategoriesofrocks(metamorphic,igneous,andsedimentary)basedonhowtheyareformedandexplainthenaturalphysicalprocessesthatcreatetheserocks.W.4.9Drawevidencefromliteraryorinformationaltextstosupportanalysis,reflection,andresearch.LearningTargetIcandescribethedifferentprocessesbywhichsedimentary,igneous,andmetamorphicrocksform.
AssessmentCreatea“PlanetEarth”newspaperandwritean“interview”withasedimentary,igneous,ormetamorphicrock.
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WIDALanguageObjectives(DependentontheneedsofyourELLstudents)TargetedAcademicLanguage/KeyVocabulary
Tier1:lensTier3:Sedimentary,Igneous,Metamorphic,geologist
RESOURCESANDMATERIALSQuantity Item Source
1perstudent HandLens Bin
1pergroup RockKit Bin
12bookssharedingroupsof2-3
FossScienceStories“WritteninStone” Bin
1 Projector ClassroomTeacher
TypesofRocksVideo:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lE3jR_RhxO4 Thumbdrive
3perstudent Stickynotes ClassroomTeacher
1 Pictureofascientist ClassroomTeacher
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1perstudent “TypesofRock”lyricshandout Binder
2perclass Largeposterpapers(semanticmapandessentialquestion) ClassroomTeacher
4perstudent Indexcards ClassroomTeacher
1perstudent Metalringforvocabwords Bin
1perstudent “InterviewwithaRock”worksheet Binder
1perteacher SciencePracticesHandout Binder(ClassroomTeachertomakecopies)
**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**
LESSONDETAILSLessonOpening/Activator
• Talkaboutwhatscientistsdo.Giveeachstudentthreestickynotesandaskthemtowritedownthreewordsthatdescribewhatascientistdoes.Postthewordsaroundapictureofascientist(orapictureofyourclassasdevelopingscientists!).Discusseachword.
• Refertotheeightsciencepracticesworksheetsinthecurriculumbinderandintroducethemtotheclass.
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DuringtheLesson1. “WritteninStone”:Discussthewordgeologistbybreakingaparttheword(“geo”=Earth,“logist”=onewhostudies).
Explainthatageologistisatypeofscientist.Inpartners,havestudentsread“WritteninStone”fromtheFossScienceStoriesofEarthMaterials.Afterstudentshavecompletedthestoryhavethemrecordfivethingsageologistdoesintheirsciencejournals.
2. ChangesofMountGreylock:ExplainthatwewillbeexploringtheEarth’ssurface,includingrocks,andhowitchanges.
Onapieceofchartpaperwritetheessentialquestion:“HowhasMountGreylockchangedovertime?”BegintodiscussthisquestionwiththeclassandseeiftheyhaveanythoughtsorquestionsaboutMountGreylock.NowwouldbeagoodtimetotellstudentswhereMountGreylockisiftheydonotalreadyknowwhereitis.
3. SemanticMap:Asaclass,developasemanticmaptodrawonbackgroundknowledge.Youcandothisactivitytogether
asaclass.a. Writetheword“rock”inthemiddleofthechartpaper.b. Conductagroupbrainstorm.Writedownstudent-generatedwordsrelatingtorock,besuretomakeconnections
betweenwordsandgeneratemeaningfulcategories.c. Optional:Keepthemapinthefrontoftheroom;andafterthe“TypesofRockSong”song,generateadditional
wordsand/orcategories.
4. “TypesofRockSong”:Showtheclassthe“TypesofRockSong”(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lE3jR_RhxO4).Distributehandoutsofthelyricsandusethemtoanswerthefollowingquestions:
a. Howareigneousrocksformed?b. Howaresedimentaryrocksformed?
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c. Howaremetamorphicrocksformed?
5. ExploringTypesofRocks:Ingroups,generatequestionsaboutigneous,metamorphicandsedimentaryrocksandrecordthesequestionsinsciencejournals.Trytousethefollowingwordsasquestionstarters:compare,contrast,define,describe,explain,andillustrate.Then,distributehandlensesandrockkitstoeachgroup.Eachgroupshouldreceiveanigneousrock,ametamorphicrock,andasedimentaryrock.Donotremovethenumberedlabelsontherocks.
6. EssentialQuestionPoster:Asaclass,posethefollowingquestions:HowdoyouthinkMt.Greylockwasformed?What
typeofrocktypesdoyouthinkareonMt.Greylock?RecordpossibleanswersontheEssentialQuestionposter.LessonClosingWritethevocabulary(igneous,metamorphic,sedimentary,geologist)downonindexcardstobeaddedtoavocabularyring.Picturesareencouraged.AssessmentCreatea“PlanetEarth”newspaperandwritean“interview”withasedimentary,igneous,ormetamorphicrock.
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Lesson2:MineralMysteryBACKGROUNDOverviewoftheLessonStudentswillperformtestsonacollectionofmineralstodeterminewhichtypeofmineraltheyare.Thesciencefellowandteachershouldcarefullyreadoverthelessonbeforeteachingtogainabetterunderstandingoftheconceptstheywillneedtoexplaintothestudents.Studentswillbecreatingachartaboutthemysterymineralsanddesignanadfortheirrocknewspaperportfolioproject.FocusStandard[2006]3-5ESS-2Identifythephysicalpropertiesofminerals(hardness,color,luster,cleavage,andstreak),andexplainhowmineralscanbetestedforthesedifferentphysicalproperties.LearningTargetsIcanperformappropriateteststodeterminethehardness,color,luster,cleavage,andstreakofdifferentminerals.Icannotedifferencesbetweenrocksandminerals.Icanusepreviouslyrecordeddatatoidentifydifferentminerals.Assessment
• Studentswillcreateachartoftheirobservationsofthedifferentminerals,• Studentswillusealistofcharacteristicsgiventothemtoidentifythemysterymineralsquartzandlimestone.
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• Aspartoftheportfolionewspaperproject,studentswillbecomeanexpertononeofthemineralstheyobservedandcreateanadtoadvertisethismineral.
TargetedAcademicVocabulary
Tier1:colorTier2:organic,hardness,streakTier3:mineral,crystal,luster,cleavage
RESOURCESANDMATERIALSQuantity Item Source
1perstudent HandLens Bin
5Whiteand5Blackplates(1pergroup)
Streakplates Bin
5pergroup Penny Bin
5pergroup Nail Bin
1boxperclass MineralKit-Includes15mineralsamples Bin
1perpair/group Limestonesample Bin
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1perpair/group Quartzsample Bin
1perstudent Sciencejournal ClassroomTeacher
1perunit RockCleavageVideo:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zAOTfSWjw0Q&list=PLsAWD8mKKE95eF864ryLNK8SXJfJ-EsWh&index=1
Thumbdrive
1piece ChartPaper ClassroomTeacher
1 “HowtoDescribeLuster”Board Bin
1perstudent RocksandMineralscomparisonchart ClassroomTeachertomakecopies(seechartonpage21)
1perstudent Mineralobservationchart Binder
1 MCASquestion Binder
**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**
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LESSONDETAILSLessonOpening/Activator
1. TheEarthismadeupmanydifferenttypesofminerals,somearemorecommonthanothers.Today,we’regoingtogoonamysterymineralhunttolearnmoreaboutwhatmineralsareandhowtoidentifythem.Beforewegetstartedonourlessontoday,weneedtotalkaboutthedifferencebetweenrocksandminerals.Rocksaregroupsofdifferentmineralsthatformtogether.Therefore,mineralsmakeuprocks.
2. Belowisachartthatcomparesmineralsandrocks.Usethisasabasisforaclassdiscussion.Thischartisincludedasahandoutinthisunit.Thehandouthassomeboxesthatareblank.Theclassroomteachershouldmakecopiesofthistohandouttostudents.Studentscanfillinthechartasthecomparisonsarediscussed.
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RocksandMineralsComparisonChartCategory Minerals Rocks
Composition Pure(theyaremadeofonesubstance)inorganicmaterial
Madeupofmanysubstances,morethanonemineral
Appearance Usuallyappealing,orprettytolookat Usuallynotappealingorprettytolookat
Structure Crystal-likestructure Notsinglecrystals
Shape Usuallyhaveashape Nodefiniteshape
Color Colorisusuallythesamethroughoutthewholespecimen
Colorisnotthesame
Fossils Nofossils Somehavefossils(sedimentaryrocks)
Luster Shiny,sparkly Dull
Uses Helpinboneandtoothformation Makefoundationsandshelters
Examples Gold,Silver,Fluoride,Ruby Limestone,Granite,Marble,Coal
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DuringtheLesson1. DescribingMinerals:Beforethehandsonactivity,theScienceFelloworteachershouldtalktothestudentsabouteach
methodofdescribingamineral.Useexamplesorexplainthathardnessistheabilitytoscratchthesurfaceofthemineral.
a. Example:hardnesscanbetestedwithyourfingernail,apenny,andasteelnail.Ifthefingernailcanscratchit,
thatmeansithasahardnesslessthan2;ifyoucanscratchthemineralwithapennybutnotafingernailit’smostlikelya3;ifyoucanscratchitwithanailbutnotapennyitmostlikelywillbebetween3and5.
Note:Studentsarenotrequiredtoknowexacthardnessbutratherunderstandthatsomemineralsareharderthanothers.TalkabouttheMoh’sScaleofHardnessandhowtoreadthescale.TheMoh’sscaleofhardnesswasdevelopedtocomparethehardnessofcertainminerals.Thescalegoesfrom1to10where1isthesoftestmineral(orveryeasytoscratch)and10isthehardest(orverydifficulttoscratch).Anexampleofa1wouldbegraphite.Anexampleofa9and10wouldberubiesanddiamonds.Understandingthehardnessofamineralisimportantbecauseithelpspeopledeterminewhatthatmineralcouldbeusedforwhetheritbejewelry,carving,storage,etc.It’salsoveryhelpfulwhenidentifyingminerals.UsethesampleMCASquestiontoshowstudentshowtheyshouldinterprettheMoh’sScale.Note:Memorizingthenumbersandmineralsisnotimportant,ratherthekidsshouldunderstandhowtointerpretthescaleandwhatthenumbersmean.
ThecorrectanswerisA.apatitebecauseitisbetweenthefluorite(4)andquartz(7).Ifthemineralscratchesfluoritethanitisatleasta4orhigher.Ifitdoesnotscratchquartzthanitcannotbeabovea7.Theonlymineralfromthelistofoptionsthatisbetween4and7isapatite.
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b. Colorissimplywhatcolorthemineralis.Studentswilltestthisthroughobservation.c. Lusterishowshinyordullsomethingis,itcanbeclassifiedusingthosewords.Lustercanalsobedescribedas
beingpearly,greasy/oily,earthy/dull,orwaxy.Studentstestlusterbyobservingtherocksanddescribingthewayitappearsinthelight.Examplesoflusterareprovidedontheboardthatsays“HowtoDescribeLuster”whichisincludedinthebin.
d. Cleavageishowthemineralbreaksintopieces.Somemineralsbreakupintochunksorsmallcubeswhileothersbreakupintosmallthinsheets.Cleavagecanbeobservedbylookingatthenumberofflat/curvedsidesonamineralandtheanglebetweenthem.Besuretotaketimetoexplainthisconcept,itmightbehelpfultoshowthefollowingvideohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zAOTfSWjw0Q&list=PLsAWD8mKKE95eF864ryLNK8SXJfJ-EsWh&index=1
e. Streakisthecolorofpowderwhendraggedacrossanon-weatheredsurface.Inthistest,studentsscrapethemineralacrossablackstreakplateandawhitestreakplatetoseeifanycolorisleftontheplate.Forexample,whenwewritewithapencil,we’recreatingastreakfromthegraphite.
2. MineralObservationStations:Putstudentsintofivegroups.Therewillbefivestationswiththreemineralsateach
station.Ifpossible,havethesciencefellowsandclassroomteachermonitorthestations.Givethestudentstimetoobserveonemineralateachofthestations.Theyshouldbefillinginthechartthattheyweregivenfollowingtheexamplethatisprovidedontheworksheet.Thisworksheetislocatedattheendofthislesson.[ScientificPractice4AnalyzingandInterpretingData]Oncethestudentshavecompletedtheirobservations,comebacktogetherasaclass
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anddiscusswhattheyobserved.Askthestudents:Whatdidyoufind?Weretheresometeststhatwereeasiertoperformthanothers?Whatwasdifficultaboutthisexperiment?
3. MineralIdentification:Givestudentsacopyofthecompletedmineralobservationchart,andletthemtrytofindout
whichmineralstheyobservedbycomparingthenewchartwiththecharttheycompleted.Thesciencefellowshoulddemonstratehowstudentsshouldfigureoutwhichmineralcomparesbestwiththeirobservations.**Ifthereisatimeconstraintthelessoncanbedividedintotwopartsbeginninghereifyoufeelitisnecessary**
4. TheMysteryRockExperiment:Thisactivitycanbedonewithapartneroringroups,givethestudentsasampleof
quartzandlimestonewithouttellingthemwhattheyactuallyare.Havethestudentsidentifywhichmineraliswhichbyperformingthetests.Afterthisactivityiscompleteandthestudentshaveidentifiedthemineralsprovidesomebackgroundabouteachmineral,descriptionsaregivenbelow.a. QuartzisthemostabundantmineralonEarth.Itisoftenahard(hardness=7onMoh’s),whiteorcolorless
mineralthatismadeofsilicondioxide.Itisfoundinavarietyofenvironmentsandcolorsthough.Itisfoundinigneous,metamorphic,andsedimentaryrocks.Typically,quartzisusedforasgemstonesinjewelrybecauseitishardandcolorful.
b. Limestoneisasedimentaryrockcomposedofcalciumcarbonate.Limestoneiscompactedduetopressure.Itis
veryhardandthetexturecanbeverysmoothorcoarse.Themostcommonuseoflimestoneisforconstructionandarchitecture.ThepyramidsofGizaaremadeupoflimestone.Itmayalsobeusedascountertopsandforbuildingfireplaces.
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5. MountGreylockMineralDiscussion:Closethelessonbysayingrocksaremadeofminerals,whicharesolidsubstancesfoundinnature.Mineralsaresolidatroomtemperature,haveacrystalstructure,andaremadeupofspecificchemicals.ThenaskwhattypesofmineralsmakeupMountGreylock?Doesthemountaincontainlimestone?WhatwouldMt.Greylocklooklikeifweweretomineitforlimestone?BesuretotalkabitaboutSpecialtyMinerals,SpecialtyMineralsislocatedinAdams,MAandispartofalargercompanycalledMineralTechnologies.Theyfirststartedmininglimestoneover150yearsagoandstilldotoday.Itisoneoftheirprimarymineralsources.SpecialtyMineralsbreaksupmineralsandsellsproductsbasedonthoseminerals.Mostofthesemineralsincludecalciumcarbonate,bentonite,talc,chromite,andleonardite.Thesemineralsareusedforpaper,paints,food,andtomakemedicine.
6 MineralAd:Studentsshouldnowworktocreateanadforonemineralobserved.Thiswillbeapretendadthatwill
advertisethemineraltothepublicasifweweretryingtosellittosomeone.Besurethatstudentsnotequalitiessuchasluster,color,hardness,streak,shape,size,etc.
Assessment
• Studentswillcreateachartoftheirobservationsofthedifferentminerals,• Studentswillusealistofcharacteristicsgiventothemtoidentifythemysterymineralsquartzandlimestone.• Aspartoftheportfolionewspaperproject,studentswillbecomeanexpertononeofthemineralstheyobservedand
createanadtoadvertisethismineral.
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Lesson3:WhatisErosion?BACKGROUND
OverviewoftheLessonThroughtheuseofaPowerPointpresentation,studentswillseeandidentifyexamplesofweatheringanderosion.Theywillhavetheopportunitytoexploretheeffectsofweatheringanderosionontheenvironmentthroughexperiments.FocusStandard(s)[2016]4-ESS2-1.Makeobservationsandcollectdatatoprovideevidencethatrocks,soils,andsedimentsarebrokenintosmallerpiecesthroughmechanicalweatheringandmovedaroundthrougherosion.[ClarificationStatements:Mechanicalweatheringprocessescanincludefrostwedging,abrasion,andtreerootwedging.Erosioncanincludemovementbyblowingwind,flowingwater,andmovingice.][StateAssessmentBoundary:Chemicalprocessesarenotexpectedinstateassessment.]LearningTargetsIcanobserveanddescribeexamplesofweatheringthroughfrostwedging,abrasionandtreerootwedging.Icanobserveanddescribeexamplesoferosionthroughwind,water,andice.Icanexplainthedifferencebetween“weathering”and“erosion”.
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AssessmentCreatea“currentevent”articleabouterosiononMt.Greylockforyour“PlanetEarthNewspaper.”ItissuggestedthattheteacherfindacurrentarticleaboutMt.Greylockforthestudenttouseforresearch.Thisactivitycanbedoneonacomputeraspartofanongoingdocumentoritcanbehandwrittenandaddedtoaportfolio.Examplearticle:http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/massachusetts_conservation/mount_greylock.html
WIDALanguageObjectives(DependentontheneedsofyourELLstudents)TargetedAcademicLanguage/KeyVocabulary
Tier3:frostwedging,abrasion,treerootwedging,erosion,weathering
RESOURCESANDMATERIALSQuantity Item Source
1perclassroom Computer+projector ClassroomTeacher
1perclassroom Weathering&ErosionPowerPoint Thumbdrive
1perstudent WeatheringandErosionWorksheet Thumbdrive
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1perclassroom ActivityStationSetup(Splash,Rock&Roll,andSweptAway:HandsonNaturep.253-254)
Binder
1setperclassroom “HandsonNature”puppets Bin
2(1perSplashstation;1perSweptstation)
Bakingpan Bin
1perSplashstation Tablespoon Bin
1perclassroom Smallbagofflour Bin
1perSplashstation EmptyandcleanKetchupbottle Bin
Asneeded Water ClassroomTeacher
2perRockstation Clean,sealableplasticcontainer Bin
3handfuls(2perRockstation;1perSweptstation)
Stones Bin
2perRockstation Clearplasticcups Bin
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**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**
LESSONDETAILSLessonOpening/ActivatorUsetheWeatheringandErosionPowerPointtoguidethisdiscussion.
1. ShowthefirstpictureinthePowerPointandaskforvolunteerstodescribewhatishappeninginthepicture.2. Afterabriefdiscussion,movetothenextslide.(Thiscanbereadoutloudbyasciencefelloworbyastudent).3. AttheendofthePowerPoint,takesometimetoclarifythedifferencebetweenweatheringanderosion.(Weathering
breaksrocksintosmallerpieces;erosionmovesthesesmallpieces,aswellassoil,fromoneplacetoanother.)
1perclassroom Smallbagofuncookedrice Bin
1handfulperSweptstation Blocksofwood Bin
1perstudent Straws Bin
5perstudent Indexcards Classroomteacher
1perstudent “PreparingforDisaster”reading Binder
1perstudent “WatchforSteadyRocks”reading Binder
1perstudent PairedTextQuestionsWorksheet Binder
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DuringtheLessonErosionandAbrasionStations
Breaktheclassintothreesmallgroups.Using“HandsonNature,”setupthreeactivitystations:Splash(erosionbyraindrops),Rock&Roll(weatheringbyabrasion),andSweptAway(erosionbywind).Theinstructionscanbefoundonpages253-254of“HandsonNature.”[SP2:UsingModels].Itwouldbeidealtohaveoneadultateachstation.Dividethestudentsintogroupsandhavethemspendtimeateachstation.Besuretoaskwhethertheactivityateachstationisamodelofweatheringorerosion
LessonClosing
Havestudentswritethevocabulary(Erosion,Weathering,FrostWedging,Abrasion,TreeRootWedging)downonindexcardstobeaddedtotheirvocabularyrings(drawingsareencouraged).
OptionalExtension
1.PairedPassagesActivitya. Thisisanoptionalactivitythatmaybecompletedwhenthesciencefellowsarenotpresentb. Inthisexercise,studentswillreadtwopassagesthatdiscusssimilartopics,studentswillcompareandcontrast
thetextsandthencompletethePairedTextQuestionsworksheet,whichtestsforcomprehension.Thetextsforthislessonare“WatchforSteadyRocks”and“PreparingforaDisaster”(locatedinthebinder)
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AssessmentCreatea“currentevent”articleabouterosiononMt.Greylockforyour“PlanetEarthNewspaper.”ItissuggestedthattheteacherfindacurrentarticleaboutMt.Greylockforthestudenttouseforresearch.Thisactivitycanbedoneonacomputeraspartofanongoingdocumentoritcanbehandwrittenandaddedtoaportfolio.Examplearticle:http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/massachusetts_conservation/mount_greylock.html
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Lesson4:HowisSoilMade?
BACKGROUND
OverviewoftheLessonStudentswillexploreasampleofsoil.ThestudentswilllearnthepartsofsoilbyparticipatingintheHumanSoilGame.Fortherocknewspaperportfoliostudentswillbecreatingarecipeforsoil.FocusStandard[2006]3-5ESS.4Explainandgiveexamplesofthewaysinwhichsoilisformed(theweatheringofrockbywaterandwindandfromthedecompositionofplantandanimalremains).LearningTargetsIcanexplainhowsoilisformedthroughdecompositionandweathering.Icanillustratetheconnectionbetweensoilformation(e.g.ratiosoforganicmattertominerals)anditscolorandtexture.Assessment
• Studentswillbeassessedontheirknowledgeofhowsoilisformedthroughthe“soilrecipe”activityandalsobyparticipatingintheHumanSoilGame.
• Toassesstheirknowledgeoforganicandinorganicmaterialaswellasitsconnectiontosoilformation,reviewsciencejournals.Studentsshouldbecreatingan“IMOWA”chartandwritingasentenceortwoabouttheirobservationsofthesoilsamplethattheyareexploring.
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WIDALanguageObjectives(DependentontheneedsofyourELLstudents)TargetedAcademicLanguage/KeyVocabulary
Tier1:soilTier2:textureTier3:decomposition,decaying,organic,inorganic
RESOURCESANDMATERIALS
Quantity Item Source
2cupsperstudent SoilfromDecayingMatter Bin
1perstudent Woodenskewers Bin
Asneededtocoverdesks
Newspaper ClassroomTeacher
1perstudent HandLens Bin
2perclass Sieve Bin
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1perstudent ScienceJournal ClassroomTeacher
1piece Chartpaper ClassroomTeacher
1 GeologybyEvanMoorp.26 Binder
1perstudent HumanSoilGamecards Bin
**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**
LESSONDETAILSLessonOpening/Activator
ThesurfaceoftheEarthholdslotsofsoil,whichgivesplants(includingtrees)aplacetogrow.Wejustlearnedabouthowsoilcangetwashedorblownawaybyweatheringanderosion,butwhatexactlyissoil,andhowisitmade?Today,we'regoingtolearnaboutthematerialsthatmakeupsoil,andoncewelearnwhattolookforwecanrollupoursleevesandtestsomesoilstoseewhat'sinthem.
DuringtheLesson
1. IMOWAChartBeforeyoubegin,havethestudentsmakeachartintheirsciencejournals.Atthetophavestudentswritetheacronym,“IMOWA”withbigspacesinbetweenthelettersdownthesideofthepage.“I”standsforinorganicmaterialslikemineralsandrocks.“M”standsformicroorganisms;“O”standsfororganicmaterialslikedecomposingleaves,insects
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andwood.“W”standsforwater.“A”standsforair.Besuretoclarifythemeaningoforganic,inorganic,microorganismanddecomposingwiththeclass.
a. Inorganicmaterialsarefoundinsoilandoftenaccountforabouthalfofthesoil’smakeup.Mostofthetimethis
inorganicmaterialtakestheformofsand,silt,orclay.Wemostlyrefertothispartas“dirt.”Inorganicreferstosomethingthatdoesnotcomefromlivingmatter,suchasamineral.Explaintothestudentsthatsometimeswefindotherinorganicmaterialsinsoilsuchascoins,trash,paperwrappersfromfood,etc.TheseareNOTessentialitemsforcreatingsoil(andprobablyshouldn’tevenbeinthesoil!)butsometimesthesethingsfindtheirwayintosoil.Thesearestillinorganicmaterialsbecausetheydonotcomefromlivingmatter.Mostoftheinorganicmattercomesfromtheweatheringanderosionofrocks.Someweatheringmayoccurrightwherethesoilforms,someoftheinorganicmattermaycomefromweatheringofotherrocklocationsnearby.
b. Organicmaterialcomesfromlivingmatter.Thisistheotherhalfofthesoil’smakeup.Manytimestheorganic
materialisintheformofplantandanimalresidue(forexample,manure,leavesthatfellofftrees,oranimalsthathavedied).Explainthatthemoreorganicmaterialinthesoil,themore“rich”thesoilis(andthebetteritisforfarmingbecauseithasalotmorenutrients).(Note:studentsarenotassessedontheconceptofrichsoil,butyoumaytalkaboutthistermhereasarealworldconnectionforstudentsthatgarden.)Todeterminerichness,wewillobservethecolorandtextureofthematerial.Isthesoildarkincolorandsoft/smoothtothetouch?Ifyes,thenthissoilhasmoreorganicmaterialthaninorganicmaterial.Ifthesoilislighterincolor,drier,androughthenitisnotasrichandprobablyhaslessorganicmaterial.
c. Microorganismsalsoliveinsoil.Thesearesupertinyorganismsorlivingthingsthatarefoundinthesoil.Most
ofthetime,youwon’tbeabletoseethemicroorganismsbuttheyaretypicallyintheformoffungus,orbacteria.
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d. Decompositionreferstotheprocessofdecayingorrotting.Asorganicmaterialismixedintosoilovertime,
thosematerialsbegintodecayorrot.Afteralongtime,thematerialsarebrokendownsofinelythatyoudonotnoticetheminthesoil.
2. TheHumanSoilGame
a. Round1.Inthebin,thereisagroupofcardsthathavematerialsfoundinsoillistedonthem.Thesciencefellowsorteachershouldhandoutoneofthesecardstoeachstudent.Thecardsaregroupedsothatthereisatleastoneofeachmaterialpergroup.Thisistoensurethatwhenyoupassoutthecardsthereareenoughofeachmaterialtomakeacompletegroup.Shufflethecardsyouwillneedsotheyaremixedwell.Thesecardsincludewordssuchasworms,rocks,water,air,leaves,twigs,andsoon.Explaintothestudentsthatwewillbemakinggroupsofsoil.Wenowknowthatsoilconsistsofinorganicmaterials,microorganisms,organicmaterials,water,andair.Thestudentswillgetupandmovearoundtheclassroomgroupingthemselvesintoatleastthreegroupsof“humansoil.”(Theremaybemoregroupsdependingonhowmanystudentsthereareintheclass.)Eachgroupofhumansoilmustincludeatleast1inorganicmaterial,1microorganism,1organicmaterial,1water,and1air(thesematerialsarethestudents.)Oncethestudentshavemadetheirgroups,askthemtoexplainwhytheythinktheymakeacompletemixtureofsoil.[SP2-usingmodels]
b. Round2.Therewillbeafewadditionalcardsthathaveotherinorganicmaterialsonthem.Thesewillincludethingssuchastrash,coins,paperclip,andpaperwrappersfromfood.Swapthesecardsoutwithafewofthestudents.Askthestudentstoregroupthemselvesnow.Thenumberofgroupsmayvarydependinghowwhatcardswereswitchedout.Remindthestudentsthatthereneedstobeatleast1inorganicmaterial,1microorganism1organicmaterial,1air,and1water.Theremaybemorethanjust4studentsinagroup
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though.Theonlyruleisthatthegroupmustbecompletewiththose4items.Askthestudentswhatmakesthesegroupsdifferentfromthegroupsinroundone.Askthemtoidentifythenewmaterials.Aretheyinorganicororganic?Howdoweknow?Remembertoexplaintothemthattrashisnotanessentialcomponentofsoilbutmanytimeswedofindsuchthingsinsoil.Also,explaintothestudentsthatitisnotnaturalandhealthyforthesoil.Pleasecollectthecardsattheendandputthembackinthebin.
c. Havethestudentsreturntotheirseatsafteryoucollectthecards.Askthemtothinkaboutfossilsinthissituation.Isafossilorganicorinorganic?Itcamefromlivingmatter,butitisnowconsideredarock.Whatkindofrockdoyouthinkafossilwouldbefoundin:metamorphic,igneous,orsedimentary?Havestudentsturnandtalktoapartneraboutoutsideas.Afterafewminutesbringthembacktotogetherasawholeanddiscussthisdilemma.Ifthereisatimeconstraintthelessoncanbedividedintotwopartsbeginninghereifyoufeelthatitisnecessary**
3. SoilDiscovery:Note:Itisimportanttogetagoodvarietyofmaterialsinthesoilsothatstudentsareabletogeneratealotofitemsontheir“IMOWA”charts.Itmaybehelpfultoaddinorganichuman-producedmaterialsaswellsuchasrubberbands,pencils,penniesorotherobjectsthatyoumayhaveintheclassroom,sokidsareabletonotethedifferencebetweenorganicandinorganicmaterial.Youcouldalsoaddnaturally-formingorganicmaterialssuchasrocksandminerals.
a. Layingoutanewspaperortarponadeskandgetstudentstorecordtheirpredictionaboutwhattheythinkisgoingtobeinthesoil,havetheywritetheirideasintheirsciencejournal.Aftertheyrecordafewthoughts,pourasampleofsoilinthecenterofeachdesk.Studentswilluseskewerstomoveparticlesaround
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andtrytoseparatethesoilintopilesofsimilarparticles.Studentswillusethelensestoexaminefinerpiecesofthesoil.Asievecouldbeusedtoseparatesandfromfinersoilforstudentstoinspect.Havethestudentsfeelthesoilbetweentheirfingerssotheyareabletoexaminetexture.Studentswillrecordwhattheydiscoveredinthesoilsamplewithafewsentencesintheirsciencejournals.Thestudentsshouldseparatetheirfindingsintoanew“IMOWA”chartsotheygraspthedifferencesbetweenthefourtypesofmaterials.Askstudentsiftheythinkthereismoreinorganicororganicmaterialandhowtheyknow?[SP7Engaginginargumentfromevidence]
4. RockNewspaperPortfolioProject
Handout“Geology”byEvanMoorEMC857,page26(Thishandoutisincludedinthebinder.)Intheingredientscolumn,someresponseswouldbesand,smallrocks,deadleaves,andotheritemsstudentsobservedintheirsoilsample.Bacteriaarenotrequiredbutareacorrectansweriningredientsaswellasmicroorganisms.Studentscouldalsolistmacro-organismssuchasworms.Stepsfortherecipewouldstartbybreakingdownrocksintopieces.Thenmovingtotheadditionofdeadleaves,flowersandbugs.Anotherstepcouldbethemixingofalloftheingredientstogetheroveralongperiodoftimethroughtheprocessofweatheringanderosion.Thisrecipewillbeincludedintheirrocknewspaperportfolio.Forthenewspaper,studentscouldalsoresearchpicturesofsoilontheInternetorpicturesofsomeoftheingredientsforsoiltoincludewiththeirrecipe.Iftechnologyisnotavailableforthis,askthestudentstodrawpicturesofsomeoftheingredients.
5. ConnectionstoMountGreylock
ConnectthislessonbacktoMt.Greylock.Havethestudentsturnandtalkabouttheunit’sessentialquestionandseewhatresponsesyouelicit,thesciencefellowsandteachermaywanttowalkaroundtoguidediscussion.Askstudentstoalsodiscussthequestionsbelow-thiscanbedoneinpartnersortogetherasaclass.
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a. Soilmaterials-WhatdowethinkwewouldfindinthesoilonMt.Greylock?WhattypesofplantsareonMt.Greylock?Whathappenstotheplantsinthewintertime?AretheremicroorganismsinthesoilonMt.Greylock?Howaboutwaterandair?
b. Soilformation-HowdoesweatheringanderosionimpactthesoilonMt.Greylock?Howdoesthesoilmove
fromthetopofthemountaintothebottom?Doesthesoilchangeorlookdifferentovertimeduetoweatheringanderosion?
Assessment
• Studentswillbeassessedontheirknowledgeofhowsoilisformedthroughthe“soilrecipe”activityandalsobyparticipatingintheHumanSoilGame.
• Toassesstheirknowledgeoforganicandinorganicmaterialaswellasitsconnectiontosoilformation,reviewsciencejournals.Studentsshouldbecreatingan“IMOWA”chartandwritingasentenceortwoabouttheirobservationsofthesoilsamplethattheyareexploring.
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Lesson5:IsAllSoiltheSame?BACKGROUND
OverviewoftheLessonStudentswilllearnthedifferencebetweentypesofsoilandthewaysinwhichsoilandrocksaremovedtocreatelandforms.Itbeginswithadiscussionofthestudents’ownbackyardsinordertoengagestudentsindescribingtheenvironment.Studentswillusescientificpracticestorecordtheresultsoftheirexperimentanddeterminewhichtypeofsoilisbestforplanting.Then,thestudentswilluseartisticphotographyoftheBerkshirestoidentifylandformsandconstructargumentssurroundingtheweathering,erosion,ordepositionthatmayhavecausedthemtoform.Thecreationoflandformswillbemodeledusingan“icecubeglacier”andPlay-Doh.FocusStandard(s)[2016]4-ESS1-1.Useevidencefromagivenlandscapethatincludessimplelandformsandrocklayerstosupportaclaimabouttheroleoferosionordepositionintheformationofthelandscapeoverlongperiodsoftime.[ClarificationStatements:Examplesofevidenceandclaimscouldincluderocklayerswithshellfossilsaboverocklayerswithplantfossilsandnoshells,indicatingachangefromdepositiononlandtodepositioninwaterovertime;andacanyonwithrocklayersinthewallsandariverinthebottom,indicatingthatarivererodedtherockovertime.Examplesofsimplelandformscanincludevalleys,hills,mountains,plains,andcanyons.Focusshouldbeonrelativetime.][StateAssessmentBoundary:Specificdetailsofthemechanismsofrockformationorspecificrockformationsandlayersarenotexpectedinstateassessment.][2006]4-ESS-5.Recognizeanddiscussthedifferentpropertiesofsoil,includingcolor,texture(sizeofparticles),abilitytoretainwaterandtheabilitytosupportthegrowthofplants.
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LearningTargetsIcandescribethewaysinwhichweathering,erosionanddepositionchangethelandscape,creatinglandforms.Icanidentifyanddescribethedifferencesbetweensoil,loam,andclay.
Assessment
• ConstructaclaimregardingtheweatheringanderosionprocessesthatcausedtheMt.GreylockIndianHeadtoform.• Respondtothefollowingquestioninanadvicecolumn
o DearPlanetEarth,Iwanttoplantagardenthissummer.Mybackyardisfilledwithsoft,reddishdirtandgetslotsofsunlight.Isthisagoodenvironmentforplants?Thanksforyourhelp!-Earthworm
TargetedAcademicLanguage/KeyVocabulary
Tier1:clay,loam,sandTier2:landform,particles
RESOURCESANDMATERIALSQuantity Item Source
15(3pergroup) SodaBottles(funnel,planter,screen) Bin
15cups(3cupspergroup)
Sand Bin
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15cups(3cupspergroup)
Pottingsoil Bin
15cups(3cupspergroup)
Clay Bin
Asneeded Water ClassroomTeacher
5(1pergroup) Measuringcup Bin
Onepacketofseeds(Optional)
Ryegrassseed Bin
AsNeeded Newspaper(forunderexperimentbottles) ClassroomTeacher
1perclassroom Projector+Computer ClassroomTeacher
2perclass Icecubetray Bin
1perclassroom Freezer ClassroomTeacher
5jars(1jarpergroup)
Play-Doh Bin
AsNeeded Waxpaper(forunderthePlay-Dohlandscapes) Bin
**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**
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LESSONDETAILSBackgroundInformation
• Soilcolor:Thetypesofrockandorganicmatterthatarebrokendownresultindifferentsoilcolors.
• Soiltexture:Theoriginalmaterialandtheextenttowhichtheoriginalmaterialhasbrokendown.Sandismadeupofsmallrockbits;clayismadeupoffinerrockbits;loamismadeupoflargerbitsofrockandorganicmaterial.
• Waterretention:Becausesandhaslargerrockparticles,itcannotbepackedtogethertightlyandthereislotsofspacein
betweengrainsofsand;waterisabletodrainthroughthesespaces.Clayismadeupoffineparticlesthatfittogethertightly,withlittleairspace;thereforeitretainswaterwell.Loamhasalittlespaceinbetweenparticles;itisabletoretainwater,butnotasmuchasclay.
LessonOpeningThedaybeforethelesson,thesciencefelloworteacherwillneedtoprepareglaciericecubesbyfillinganicetraywithwateranddebris(dirtandpebbles)andleavingitinthefreezerovernight.
1. First,askseveralstudentstodescribetheirbackyards.Whatdoesitlooklike?Whattypeoflandformsarethere?Arethereplants?Whattypeofsoilaretheseplantsgrowingin?Canyoudescribethecolorandtextureofthissoil?Explaintheclasswillbetalkingabouttheweatheringanderosionpatternsthatmayhavecausedtheirbackyardstolookthewaythattheydo.Theclassroomteachermayreviewvocabularyfrompreviouslessons(erosion)andaddvocabulary(landform,clay,loam,sand,particles,deposition)tovocabularyring.
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DuringtheLesson1. SoilDrainageTest(thiscanbedoneinsmallgroupsorasaclass)[SP3-carryingoutaninvestigation]
a. Inthebin,therearethreesodabottles,cutintwopieces:oneisfunnel-shaped,theotherlookslikeaplanter.Coverthetipwiththescreen(tightenwitharubberband)andplacethefunneltip-downintotheplanter.(Itmayhelptodothisexperimentovernewspaperforeasycleanup.)
b. Fillonefunnelwithdrysand,onewithloam(pottingsoil),andonewithclay.Taketimetoobserveanddescribeeachtypeofsoil,payingspecialattentiontocolorandtexture.Askthestudentstodrawadiagramoftheapparatusintheirsciencejournalsandwritedownwhichsoiltheythinkwillholdthemostwater.Studentsmaysharedtheirhypothesiswiththeclass.
c. Slowlypour1cupofwaterintoeachfunnel.Watchasthewaterfiltersthroughthesoilandintothebottomoftheplanter.
d. Nexthavestudentsdrawadiagramwiththeresultsoftheexperiment.Anexampleofwhattheentryshouldincludeisbelow.
e. Askwhichsoilwouldbebestforplants.Why?
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**Iftherearetimeconstraints,thelessonmaybesplithereandcontinuedatalaterdate.**
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2. BerkshireLandformsSplitthestudentsintogroupsandpassouttheimagesofBerkshirelandforms.HavestudentscreateaT-chart,labelingonecolumn“Whatcreatedthislandform?”andanothercolumn“Whatistheevidenceforthistheory?”Haveeachgroupchooseanimageandcreatealistofthelandformsfeaturedinthepicture.Discusspossiblephenomenas(weathering,deposition,erosion)thatmayhavecontributedtotheselandformsandevidenceforthesetheories.Recordthisinformationinsciencejournals.[SP7-constructingarguments]
a. Theteacherorsciencefellowmaywanttosparkconversationwiththesequestions:Whathasbeenweatheredhere?Whathasbeendepositedhere?Whatmaterialshavebeenmoved?Askhowmanygroupssawplantsintheirlandformimages.Whatkindoflandformssupportedplantlife?Whichlandformsdidn’t?
3. Play-DohLandscape:GiveeachgroupsomewaxpaperandajarofPlay-Doh.(Thesciencefelloworteachercan
demonstrateatthefrontoftheclassroom.)RolloutthePlay-Dohonthewaxpaper,createa“landscape”thatisaflatandwideaspossible.DistributeoneglaciericecubetoeachgroupandplaceitononeendofthePlay-Doh“landscape.”Explainthattheicecuberepresentsaglacier.Asitmelts,itwilltravelacrossthe“landscape.”Askthestudentstodraw“BeforeMelting”and“AfterMelting”diagramsintheirsciencejournals.Astheicecubemelts,itwilldistributewater,rocksanddebrisacrossthePlay-Doh.Discusswhatlandformsaglaciermightcreateinreallife(canyons,rivers,lakes,etc).
OptionalLessonExtensionRyeGrassSoilExperiment
Placeryegrassseedineachbottleandallowtogrowfor3daystoaweek.(Waterregularlyandkeepinthesun.)Afteraweek,measurethegrassandrecordtheresultsinsciencejournals.Whichsoilproducedthehealthiestgrass?
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LessonClosingIfnotalreadydone,writethevocabulary(landform,clay,loam,sand,particles,deposition)downonindexcardstobeaddedtoavocabularyring.Picturesareencouraged.
Assessment
• ConstructaclaimregardingtheweatheringanderosionprocessesthatcausedtheMt.GreylockIndianHeadtoform.• Respondtothefollowingquestioninanadvicecolumn
o DearPlanetEarth,Iwanttoplantagardenthissummer.Mybackyardisfilledwithsoft,reddishdirtandgetslotsofsunlight.Isthisagoodenvironmentforplants?Thanksforyourhelp!-Earthworm
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Lesson6:WhatisaPhysicalMap?BACKGROUND
OverviewofLessonStudentswilllearnnewvocabularywordsanddoanactivitysearchingforwordstheyassociatewithphysicalmaps.Studentswillalsoreadanarticleaboutdifferenttypesofmapsandtakeaquiz.Fortherocknewspaperportfolio,studentswillbecreatingaphysicalmapofMassachusetts.FocusStandard(s)[2016]4-ESS2-2.AnalyzeandinterpretmapsofEarth’smountainranges,deepoceantrenches,volcanoes,andearthquakeepicenterstodescribepatternsofthesefeaturesandtheirlocationsrelativetoboundariesbetweencontinentsandoceans.W.4.9Drawevidencefromliteraryorinformationaltextstosupportanalysis,reflection,andresearch.LearningTargetsIcanidentifywhataphysicalmapisandwhatitconsistsof.Icanreadscientificmapsofmountainranges,trenches,activevolcanoes,andearthquakes.(Topographicalmapsnotrequired.)Assessments
• StudentswillcreateaphysicalmapofMassachusettsfortheirrocknewspaperportfolio.
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• Studentswillindividuallycompletethe”VarietyofMaps”quizlocatedattheendofthearticleafterreadingthearticleafewtimesthrough.
WIDALanguageObjectives(DependentontheneedsofyourELLstudents)TargetedAcademicLanguage/KeyVocabularyTier1:ContinentsTier2:Scale,BoundariesTier3:Legend,Trenches,Compassrose
RESOURCESANDMATERIALSQuantity Item Source
1perstudent PassagefromReadWorks“TheVarietyofMaps” Binder(ClassroomTeachertocopy)
1map Politicalmap Bin
1map Roadmap Bin
1map Attractionmap Bin
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1map Topographicalmap Bin
1map Physicalmap Bin
1map Weathermap Bin
1perstudent WordWarm-Up Binder
1perstudent Massachusettstemplate Binder
**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**LessonOpening/Activator
1. Hangupthedifferenttypesofmapsaroundtheclassroomthatareincluded.Besuretopointoutanymapsthatarealreadyintheclassroomsuchasfireescaperouteplans,orlargepulldownmaps.Donothangupthephysicalmapyet.Havestudentsspend3-5minutesobservingthemapsandlistingwhattheynoticeintheirsciencejournals.
2. Afterthestudentshavecompletedagallerywalktolookatallthemapsreviewwhatwasoneachmapandthetypeofmapthatitis.(Ifhavingtheclasswalkaroundtheroomisnotfeasible,theclassroomteachermayprojecttheimagesontoascreen,useanELMOorprintcopiesforallstudentstohave).Thegoalofthisactivityisforstudentstorecognizethekeyfeaturesonamapsuchasacompassrose,legend,scale,etc.(Forthosewhowantachallenge,encouragethemtolookatthelinesonthemap:Whatdoeseachlinemean?Howarethelinesdifferent?)Studentsshouldalsorecognizethatnotallmapsarethesame.Differentmapsareneededtorepresentdifferentthings.Askthestudentstodeterminewhatisuniqueabouteachmapandwhatmakessomeofthemapssimilar.Alsoaskthestudentstolookforpatternsonthemaps.Arethereitemsthatarescatteredallovertheplaceoristhereapattern?
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LESSONDETAILSDuringtheLesson
1. “VarietyofMapsArticle”:Frommaps,studentsshouldlearntodescribethelocationsofmajorlandformsandseismiceventsinrelationtocontinentsandoceans.Thisisillustratedinthe“VarietyofMaps”article.Havethestudentsreadthisafewtimes.Onewaytodothisisbyhavingtheclassroomteacherreadittotheclassonce,andthenaskthestudentstovolunteertoreadoneparagraphatatime,lastly,havethestudentsreadthearticlesilentlytothemselves.Attheendofthearticle,thereisaquiz.Thiswillbetheassessmentforthislesson.
2. WordWarm-Up:(Dothisbeforeexploringphysicalmaps,thestudentsheetattheendofthislesson)Passoutthe
wordwarmupworksheetandhavethestudentscircletheitemstheymightexpecttofindonaphysicalmap.Allowthestudentstoworktogethersotheymayshareideas.Comebacktogetherasaclasstodiscusstheitemsthatwerecircled.Makeaclasslistonapieceofchartpaper,ontheboard,oronablankdocumentprojectedontoascreen.
3. PhysicalMapInvestigation:Presentaphysicalmapontheoverhead,askthestudentstorespondtothequestion
“Whatdoesaphysicalmapshow?a. Physicalmapsshowlandforms.Theclassroomteachermayneedtospendsometimegoingoverthedifferent
typesoflandforms.Animageisincludedinthislessontohelpthestudentsvisualizewhatalandformis.b. Havethestudentsturnandtalktoapartnerandaskthemtocomeupwithatleasttwofeaturesthattheycould
locateonaphysicalmap,recordthisinsciencejournals.c. Nexttoeachfeaturethatisrecorded,havestudentsdrawanillustrationtorepresentthatfeature.
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4. RockNewspaperPortfolioActivity:ForthislessonstudentswillbecreatingaphysicalmapofMassachusetts.AblanktemplateofMassachusettswillbeprovidedfortheclassroomteachertocopyandhandouttostudents.
a. Thereareseveralitemsthatabasicmapincludes.Talktothestudentsaboutwhatamaphas,includingatitle,alegend,acompassrose,boundaries,color,labelsetc.Alloftheseitemsshouldbeincludedinthemapsthestudentscreate.
b. Studentsshouldcreatealegendfortheirmaps.Thelegendmayincludecolorsandshapes.Forexample,theAppalachianMountainsrunthroughthewesternpartofMassachusetts.Thestudentsmaywanttodrawatriangletoindicateamountaininthelegend.Then,drawafewtrianglesalongtheleftsideofMassachusettstorepresentthemountainrange.ThestudentsmayopttodrawatrianglethatisadifferentcolorandsizethentheresttorepresentMt.Greylock,thetallestmountaininMassachusetts.OntherightsideofMassachusetts,thestudentsmaywanttocolortheborderbluetorepresentthePacificOcean.
Assessments
• StudentswillcreateaphysicalmapofMassachusettsfortheirrocknewspaperportfolio.• Studentswillindividuallycompletethe”VarietyofMaps”quizlocatedattheendofthearticleafterreadingthearticlea
fewtimesthrough.
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Lesson7:EarthquakesandFaultLinesBACKGROUND
OverviewoftheLessonInthislesson,studentswilllearnaboutnaturaldisasters,theywillthinkaboutpotentialwaystoprotectthemselvesagainstnaturaldisastersorwaystolessentheeffectsbyexperimentingwithvolcanoes,earthquakes,andfloods.Fortherocknewspaperportfolioprojectstudentswillbecreatinga“HowtoSurvivea[naturaldisaster]guide.FocusStandard[2016]4-ESS3-2.Evaluatedifferentsolutionstoreducetheimpactsofanaturaleventsuchasanearthquake,blizzard,orfloodonhumans.*[ClarificationStatement:Examplesofsolutionscouldincludeanearthquake-resistantbuildingoraconstructedwetlandtomitigateflooding.]LearningTargetsIcandiscussthreetypesofnaturaldisastersincludingvolcaniceruptions,earthquakes,andfloods.Icandiscusstheimpactsofnaturaldisastersandhowtoprotectagainstorlessentheeffectsofthesenaturaldisasters.AssessmentCreatea“HowtoSurvivea[naturaldisaster]”articleforPlanetEarthNewspaper.Eachstudentwillchooseonenaturaldisaster(flood,volcano,orearthquake)towriteabout.WIDALanguageObjectives(DependentontheneedsofyourELLstudents)
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TargetedAcademicLanguage/KeyVocabulary
Tier2:EarthquakeTier3:TectonicPlates,Faultline
RESOURCESANDMATERIALSQuantity Item Source
1perstudent “SafeHouses”article Binder
4packages Modelingclay/PlayDoh Bin
1 Smallplasticcup Bin
1tablespoon Flour Bin
2tablespoons Bakingsoda Bin
⅓cup Vinegar Bin
14”square TissuePaper Bin
1roll Papertowels(forcleanup) ClassroomTeacher
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1perstudent Scissors ClassroomTeacher
1 Largebinorbucket Bin
1perstudent Sciencejournal ClassroomTeacher
1perstudent “MakeYourOwnEarthquake”worksheet(2pages) Binder
1 PicturesofFloods Thumbdrive
1package Legos Bin
**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedattheendofthesemester**
LESSONDETAILSLessonOpening/ActivatorThesciencefelloworclassroomteachershouldintroducetheconceptofnaturaldisasters.Askstudentsiftheycanthinkofanexample.Havetheyeverexperiencedahurricane?Aflood?Generateideasabouttheproblemsthatnaturaldisasterscancause(damagedbuildings,toxicwater,unsafetravelingconditions,etc).DuringtheLesson
1. VolcanoSimulationa. Inordertolearnaboutnaturaldisastersandhowtocreateaplantolessentheireffects,weneedtoknowwhat
happensduringnaturaldisasters.Onetypeofnaturaldisasterisavolcaniceruption.Therearemanyvolcanoes,
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andoneofthemostfamousisMountSt.HelensinWashingtonState,whichlasteruptedin2008.Todaywearegoingtosimulateavolcanoerupting.Thesciencefellowsorclassroomteachershouldguidethisexperimentinfrontoftheclass.Beforebeginningtheexperiment,havestudentsdrawa“before”diagramofwhatthevolcanolookslike.Oncetheexperimentiscompleteaskthestudentstodrawan“after”diagramofthevolcano,andhavethestudentswriteasentenceortwoaboutwhathappenedduringtheexperiment.[SP2:usingamodel]
b. Thesciencefelloworclassroomteacherwillneedtomakeamodelofavolcanooutofmodelingclayandplaceitintheboxthatisprovided.Theboxwillhelppreventamess.Thevolcanoneedstobeshapedlikeaconewithapointatthetop.Aholeneedstobecarvedoutofthetopsothatasmallplasticcupfitsinsidethevolcanowiththemouthofthecupatthetop.(Itmayworkbesttobuildthevolcanoaroundthecupitself.)
c. Oncethemodelvolcanoiscompletethesciencefellowwillneedtopour2tablespoonsofbakingsodaand1tablespoonofflourintothecenterofa4-inchsquarepieceoftissuepaper.Wrapthetissuepaperaroundthecupandtwistbothends.ItshouldlookaTootsierollwrappedupwhenitisfinished.
d. Placethemixtureinthecupinthevolcanomodel.
e. Tomakethevolcano“erupt,”pourinhalfoftherequiredamountofvinegar(thisisabout⅙ofacup).Makesuretostepbackalittle,sothemixturedoesnotgetinyoureyesoronyourclothes.Whenthefoamingstops,addtheremainingamountofvinegar(about⅙ofacup).
f. Talktothestudentsandaskthemwhathappened?Whenvolcanoeseruptandthelavacoolsdown,itbuildsthemountainup.Lavaformsigneousrocks,whichthestudentslearnedaboutinlesson1ofthisunit.Askthestudentstothinkabouthowwewouldsurviveavolcanoifiterupted.Whatwouldweneed?Howwouldwe
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protectourhouses?Wouldwebuildsomethingonthemountaintoslowdownorpreventthelavafromflowingtothetown?
g. Therearemanyvolcanoesallovertheworld,especiallylocatedintheringoffire.TheringoffireisanareainthePacificOceanwherethereisacontinuousseriesofoceantrenches,volcanoes,andtectonicplatemovements.Theringoffirehas452volcanoesandincludes75%ofalloftheworld’svolcanoes.Notonlyaretherevolcaniceruptionsbutalsothereareseveralearthquakesthatoccurhereduetotectonicplatemovement.
2. “MakeYourOwnEarthquakes”
Earthquakes,justlikevolcanoes,alsobuilduptheEarth.Earthquakesoccurbecausetheplanet’stectonicplatesareshiftingbelowtheEarth’ssurface.Sometimestheseplatesrubagainsteachother,moveawayfromeachother,orrunrightintoeachother.Iftwotectonicplatesrunintoeachother,theypushupagainstoneanotherandcanformmountains.
a. Forthisactivity,theclassroomteacherneedstomakeacopyofthe“MakeYourOwnEarthquakes”worksheet.
b. Passouttheworksheetsandaskeachstudenttopushthesidesoftheirpaperstogether.Askwhathappened.Diditmakeanything?Itmostlikelypushedthemiddleofthepaperupcreatingahill.Thissimulateshowearthquakescanmakethelandpushuporfoldintoamountain.
c. Nowgiveeachstudentapairofscissors.Thestudentswillthencutalongthedottedlinethatgoesstraightup
themiddleofthepaper.Thisdottedlinerepresentsafaultline.AfaultlineisabreakorfractureinthegroundthatiscreatedwhentheEarth’stectonicplatesmoveorshift.Oncethepaperiscutintotwopieces,askthestudentstoagainpushthetwosidesofthepapertogether.Whathappenedthistime?Mostlikelyonepaperslid
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overthetopoftheotherpaper.Thisshowsthatsometimesearthquakeswillpushonepieceoflandoverthetopofanotherpieceofland.
d. Lastly,askthestudentstoslideonepieceofthepaperforwardandtheotherpieceofthepaperintheopposite
direction.Thisrepresentsthatearthquakessometimescausetwopiecesoflandtomoveawayfromeachother.
e. Askthestudentstothinkabouttheimpactanearthquakehasontheland.Howwouldtheycreateaplantolessentheeffectsofanearthquake?Howwouldtheysurviveanearthquake?Howshouldtheybuildahousesothatitisearthquakeproof?
3. FloodPictures
Anotherexampleofanaturaldisasterisaflood.Floodsoccurwhenanareareceivesalotofraininashortamountoftimeandthewaterhasnowheretogo.SometimesweseethestreetsfloodhereinNorthAdamsifwegetabigrainstorm.Wearegoingtolookatsomepicturesofflooding.
Note:APowerPointofpicturesoffloodshasbeencreatedandislocatedonyourthumbdrive.Askthestudentsagaintothinkaboutwhathappensduringaflood.Howwouldwesurvivetheflood?Whatcanwedotopreventfloodsorlessentheeffectsofaflood?
OptionalExtension:FloodModel:Buildasmalltownandcreateaflood.Havethestudentscometothefronttableoftheclassroom.Usingsoilorclaycreateabaseforthetowninalargebinorbucket.Ifthereisenoughsoil,buildamountaininthecornerofthebintorepresentMountGreylock.Havepairsofstudentseachcreateasmallbuilding,person,orplanttoputinthetownusingLegos.Oncethetownisassembled,gettwogallonsofwaterandpouritintothebin.Pourthewaterstartingatthetopofthemountain
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• Askthestudentstotalkaboutwhatisgoingonasthetownisflooding.Whyisitflooding?WhatshouldtheLego
peopledotosurvivetheflood?Connectthelessonbacktoweatheringanderosion.Whathastherainnowdonetothemountainthatwasbuilt?
4. “SafeHouses”HandouttheNationalGeographicarticle“SafeHouses”byChrisCarroll.Callonastudenttoreadthetitleandintroductoryparagraph.Explainthatthisarticlewillbeaboutearthquake-proofbuildingsandhomes.Callonadifferentstudenttoreadeachparagraph,pausingbetweeneachtosummarizeconceptsanddefinevocabulary.[SP8:obtaininginformation]
LessonClosingAddvocabulary(earthquake,tectonicplates,faultline)tothevocabularyrings.AssessmentCreatea“HowtoSurvivea[naturaldisaster]”articleforPlanetEarthNewspaper.Eachstudentwillchooseonenaturaldisaster(flood,volcano,orearthquake)towriteabout.Thearticle“SafeHouses”isalsoagreatresourceforideas.
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CurriculumEmbeddedPerformanceAssessmentUnitLevelEssentialQuestionaddressedinthisunit:HowhasMountGreylockchangedovertime?Standard(s)CoveredbythisAssessment:[2016]4-ESS1-1.Useevidencefromagivenlandscapethatincludessimplelandformsandrocklayerstosupportaclaimabouttheroleoferosionordepositionintheformationofthelandscapeoverlongperiodsoftime.[ClarificationStatements:Examplesofevidenceandclaimscouldincluderocklayerswithshellfossilsaboverocklayerswithplantfossilsandnoshells,indicatingachangefromdepositiononlandtodepositioninwaterovertime;andacanyonwithrocklayersinthewallsandariverinthebottom,indicatingthatarivererodedtherockovertime.Examplesofsimplelandformscanincludevalleys,hills,mountains,plains,andcanyons.Focusshouldbeonrelativetime.][StateAssessmentBoundary:Specificdetailsofthemechanismsofrockformationorspecificrockformationsandlayersarenotexpectedinstateassessment.]
[2016]4-ESS2-2.AnalyzeandinterpretmapsofEarth’smountainranges,deepoceantrenches,volcanoes,andearthquakeepicenterstodescribepatternsofthesefeaturesandtheirlocationsrelativetoboundariesbetweencontinentsandoceans.StudentLearningTargets
1. Identifywhataphysicalmapisandwhatitconsistsof.2. Readscientificmapsofmountainranges,trenches,activevolcanoes,andearthquakes.(Topographicalmapsnotrequired.)3. Designandtestanerosionpreventionsolution.4. Readscientificmapsofmountainranges,trenches,activevolcanos,andearthquakes,climateandweather
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RESOURCESANDMATERIALSQuantity Item Source
3(1pergroup) GeographicmapofMt.Greylock Bin
3(1pergroup) Rectangularclearplasticcontainer Bin
15cups(5cupspergroup)
Topsoil Bin
Asneeded Rocks(smalltomediuminsize) ClassroomTeacher
Asneeded Straws(cutdownthemiddle) Bin
Asneeded Popsiclesticks Bin
1pergroup Cleanketchupbottle Bin
Asneeded Water(fillketchupbottleswith) ClassroomTeacher
1perstudent Sciencejournal ClassroomTeacher
**Itemsinboldshouldbereturnedforusenextyear**
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Assessment• DesignanerosionpreventionsystemforasitethatispronetowatererosiononMt.Greylock.Usedifferentbarriers
suchastrees,rocks,anddrainagepipestocreateasituationthatpreventstheleastamountofsoilfromwashingaway.
• Groupsshouldcomeupwithanoralpresentationwhichtouchesonthefollowingquestions:Whydidyoubuildyourerosionpreventionsystemthisway?Diditworkwell?
Procedure:ExplaintostudentsthattheyaregoingtolookatanareaofMountGreylockthatcouldbeimpactedbywatererosion.Themapwillgiveusanideawhatthelocationlookslike.Fromtherewearegoingtogettobuildamodelofthelocationanddesignanerosionpreventionsystem.Thepeopleinthesurroundingtownscannotletthesoilfromthemountainwashdownontotheirhousesoit’suptoustoplanawaytopreventitfromhappening.
1. Reviewerosionandwatererosionandhowitaffectsalandscape.FeelfreetoreferencetheexperimentdoneinLesson
3.Talkabouthowdifferentthings,suchastreesandrockspreventsoillossaswellashowwatertravelsandcanbefunneled(drainage).
2. Setupthreeworkstationscoveredwithnewspapertomakeforaneasycleanup.Pilesoiltoformaslopeinsideeach
clearplasticcontainer.Theslopewillbedifferentdependingonthecontainerbutshouldbesteepenoughtopromotewaterflow.Oneachdesklayasmallpileofrocks,strawscutdownthemiddle,andpopsiclesticks.
3. HandoutageographicmapofMt.Greylockandhavestudentsreviewthem.Thestudentsshouldpositiontheirmodels
accordingtothemap’sdepictionofthemountainsite.
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4. Describehowweusemodelstoimitatewhatmighthappenonalargerscale.Explaintothestudentsthatwewillpourwateratthetopofthemountaintosimulaterainfall.Theirjobwillbetoworktogetheringroupstoplacerocks,trees(popsiclesticks),anddrainagepipes(straws)onMt.Greylocktopreventsoilerosion.Givestudents15-30minutestodesigntheirerosionpreventionsystemandthencallfortheirattention.
5. Astheyfinishdesigningtheirsystems,gatherallthestudentstocomeovertogroup1smodel.Havestudentsexplain
howtheirlayoutmaysucceedorfailandgetallthestudentstomakeapredictionwhatwillhappen.Pourwaterslowlyonthetopofthemodelfor5secondsandnoticehowmuchsoilwastakenaway.Repeatthisprocessforthemodels.
6. Nowcleanupandgetstudentstowashhands.
7. Havestudentswriteaparagraphabouthowitemplacementaffectederosionprevention,aswellashowdifferentitemsworkedbetterthanothers.UsingwhatyoulearnedfromtheunitdescribethreewayshowerosionmighthaveaffectedMt.Greylockovertime.
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ListofUnitResourcesLesson1
Quantity Item Source
1perstudent HandLens Bin
1pergroup RockKit Bin
12bookssharedingroupsof2-3
FossScienceStories“WritteninStone” Bin
1 Projector ClassroomTeacher
TypesofRocksVideo:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lE3jR_RhxO4 Thumbdrive
3perstudent Stickynotes ClassroomTeacher
1 PictureofaScientist ClassroomTeacher
1perstudent “TypesofRock”lyricshandout Binder
2perclass Largeposterpapers(semanticmapandessentialquestion) ClassroomTeacher
4perstudent Indexcards ClassroomTeacher
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1perstudent Metalringforvocabwords Bin
1perstudent “InterviewwithaRock”worksheet Binder
1perteacher SciencePracticesHandout Binder(ClassroomTeachertomakecopies)
Lesson2
Quantity Item Source
1perstudent HandLens Bin
5Whiteand5Blackplates(1pergroup)
Streakplates Bin
5pergroup Penny Bin
5pergroup Nail Bin
1boxperclass MineralKit-Includes15mineralsamples Bin
1perpair/group Limestonesample Bin
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1perpair/group Quartzsample Bin
1perstudent Sciencejournal ClassroomTeacher
1perunit RockCleavageVideo:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zAOTfSWjw0Q&list=PLsAWD8mKKE95eF864ryLNK8SXJfJ-EsWh&index=1
Thumbdrive
1piece ChartPaper ClassroomTeacher
1 “HowtoDescribeLuster”Board Bin
1perstudent RocksandMineralscomparisonchart ClassroomTeachertomakecopies(seechartonpage21)
1perstudent Mineralobservationchart Binder
1 MCASquestion Binder
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Lesson3
Quantity Item Source
1perclassroom Computer+projector ClassroomTeacher
1perclassroom Weathering&ErosionPowerPoint Thumbdrive
1perstudent WeatheringandErosionWorksheet Thumbdrive
1perclassroom ActivityStationSetup(Splash,Rock&Roll,andSweptAway:HandsonNaturep.253-254
Binder
1setperclassroom “HandsonNature”puppets Bin
2(1perSplashstation;1perSweptstation)
Bakingpan Bin
1perSplashstation Tablespoon Bin
1perclassroom Smallbagofflour Bin
1perSplashstation EmptyandcleanKetchupbottle Bin
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Asneeded Water ClassroomTeacher
2perRockstation Clean,sealableplasticcontainer Bin
3handfuls(2perRockstation;1perSweptstation)
Stones Bin
2perRockstation Clearplasticcups Bin
1perclassroom Smallbagofuncookedrice Bin
1handfulperSweptstation Blocksofwood Bin
1perstudent Straws Bin
5perstudent Indexcards ClassroomTeacher
1perstudent “PreparingforDisaster”reading Binder
1perstudent “WatchforSteadyRocks”reading Binder
1perstudent PairedTextQuestionsWorksheet Binder
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Lesson4
Quantity Item Source
2cupsperstudent SoilfromDecayingMatter Bin
1perstudent Woodenskewers Bin
Asneededtocoverdesks
Newspaper ClassroomTeacher
1perstudent HandLens Bin
2perclass Sieve Bin
1perstudent ScienceJournal ClassroomTeacher
1piece Chartpaper ClassroomTeacher
1perstudent GeologybyEvanMoorp.26 Binder
1perstudent HumanSoilGamecards Bin
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithRacetotheTopandNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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Lesson5
Quantity Item Source
15(3pergroup) SodaBottles(funnel,planter,screen) Bin
15cups(3cupspergroup)
Sand Bin
15cups(3cupspergroup)
Pottingsoil Bin
15cups(3cupspergroup)
Clay Bin
Asneeded Water ClassroomTeacher
5(1pergroup) Measuringcup Bin
Onepacketofseeds(Optional)
Ryegrassseed Bin
AsNeeded Newspaper(forunderexperimentbottles) ClassroomTeacher
1perclassroom Projector+Computer ClassroomTeacher
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithRacetotheTopandNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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2perclass Icecubetray Bin
1perclassroom Freezer ClassroomTeacher
5jars(1jarpergroup)
Play-Doh Bin
AsNeeded Waxpaper(forunderthePlay-Dohlandscapes) Bin
Lesson6
Quantity Item Source
1perstudent PassagefromReadWorks“TheVarietyofMaps” Binder(ClassroomTeachertocopy)
1map Politicalmap Bin
1map Roadmap Bin
1map Attractionmap Bin
1map Topographicalmap Bin
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithRacetotheTopandNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
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1map Physicalmap Bin
1map Weathermap Bin
1perstudent WordWarm-Up Binder
1perstudent Massachusettstemplate Binder
Lesson7
Quantity Item Source
1perstudent “SafeHouses”article Binder
4packages Modelingclay/PlayDoh Bin
1 Smallplasticcup Bin
1tablespoon Flour Bin
2tablespoons Bakingsoda Bin
⅓cup Vinegar Bin
ThisunitwasdevelopedwithRacetotheTopandNationalScienceFoundationfunding(Grant#1432591).ItisaDRAFTdocumentthatwillberevisedannuallyastheunitispilotedthroughthe2017-18schoolyear.
Page73of73
14”square TissuePaper Bin
1roll Papertowels(forcleanup) ClassroomTeacher
1perstudent Scissors ClassroomTeacher
1 Largebinorbucket Bin
1perstudent Sciencejournal ClassroomTeacher
1perstudent “MakeYourOwnEarthquake”worksheet(2pages) Binder
1 PicturesofFloods Thumbdrive
1package Legos Bin
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