The business of e-resources and print serials publishing.
Perspective from a society publisher
Yann AmourouxRegional Manager, JournalsIOP Publishing
UKSG SeminarDublin, June 2010
Agenda
Why are publishers around? Some background on IOP Some background on Publishing globally The evolving world of Science,
Technology and Medical (STM) publishing The economics of Publishing
Why do journal publishers exist? First peer-reviewed journal founded in 1665
by Royal Society Journal publishing has evolved dramatically
since, but its core functions remain: Registration of new research findings Quality assurance through peer review Dissemination globally Archiving in perpetuity
The Institute of Physics Scientific charity founded in 1874
Promote and support physics in furthering scientific knowledge
Provide economic and social benefits in the UK and Ireland, and internationally – especially in the developing world.
Increase the practice, understanding and application of physics
Worldwide membership of 36,000+ Fund scientific communities (IOP divisions and groups) Leading communicator of physics-related science to all
audiences, from specialists through to government and the general public.
Offers free or concessionary digital membership to physicists from developing countries “Development Aid” programme currently benefits
researchers in over 30 countries
IOP Publishing
Wholly owned subsidiary of IOP Mission: “To disseminate a knowledge of
Physics” IOP 2009 300 staff in six countries
Offices in Bristol (UK), Washington DC and Philadelphia (USA)
Sales and editorial offices in Russia, China, Japan, Germany and Poland
Cooperation with many smaller societies in Europe and worldwide
Publishing globally 2,000 publishers publish around 1.5
million peer reviewed articles per year in 23,000 journals
The industry employs (directly) 110,000 globally: 40,000+ in EU, 10,000 in UK
There are a few major commercial publishers with hundreds of titles each and hundreds of smaller society publishers often owner of just one title
In the last 10 years major changes in publishing practice affected all
Publishing globally: Publishers in STMArticles published
26%
Others
Elsevier
Springer
Wiley-
Blackwell
ACS Taylor & FrancisAIP
IEEE
APSIOP
Others
Wolters Kluwer
Solicit and manage
submissionsManage
peer review
Production
Publish and disseminate
Edit and prepare
Archive and promote
• 5,000 new editors per year• 500 new journals launched per year • 3 million+ article submissions per year
• 2.5 million+ referees• 3.75 million+ referee reports per year• 50%+ of submissions rejected
• 125,000 editors• 350,000 editorial board
members• 30 million+ author/publisher
communications per year
• 1.5 million new articles produced per year• 350 years of back issues scanned, processed and data-tagged
• 12 million researchers• 4,500+ institutions• 180+ countries• 1 billion+ downloads/year• 10 million+ printed pages/year
• 40 million articles available digitally, back to early 1800s
What do journal publishers do?
• Organise editorial boards• Launch new specialist
journals
Note: industry estimates based on known numbers for a subset of the industry that are then scaled to 100% based on the article share of the known subset.Note: industry estimates based on known numbers for a subset of the industry that are then scaled to 100% based on the article share of the known subset.
Solicit and manage
submissionsManage
peer review
Production
Publish and disseminate
Edit and prepare
Archive and promote
• Organise editorial boards• Launch new specialist
journals
Author Submission & Editorial Systems
>£70 million
eJournal Backfiles
eReference Works
>£150 million
Production Tracking Systems>£50 million
Electronic Platforms, e.g.
ScienceDirectWiley InterScience
HighwireScopus
>£1500 million
Bold = Estimated cumulative investment since 2000
Electronic Warehousing>£60 million
Other support and related systems>£300 million
Economics of Publishing: Delivering research content Journals / E-Books
Print Online Combination
Packages / Bundles By subject By format (e.g. electronic bundle) With / without archive
Consortium Some institutions or whole country
Economics of Publishing: Monthly downloads of research papers (IOP Publishing figures)
Monthly downloads to all Journals
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2,000,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Economics of Publishing: Acquiring research content
The ability for libraries to keep up with output is not growing
Library budgets under pressure Funding agencies and government
bodies engaging with the community Wellcome Trust National Institutes for Health
PubMed
Expectation that research will be openly available as soon as possible
Typical embargo: 6-12 months
Economics of PublishingAverage University & Library spendSource: SCONUL (Society of College, National and University Libraries)
Average University & Library spendSource: SCONUL (Society of College, National and University Libraries)
100%100% 100%100%
University Library
2.3%
Staff 50%
Journals 19%
Books 9%
Other O/H 14%
Instruction 29%
Research & Overhead 68%
Other info 8%
Library 2.7%
Economics of Publishing Research output is
growing Scientists can’t read
every paper anymore New services available
to help scientists identify and obtain content
Publishers need to ensure that their content is accessible in whatever way the researcher may want to access it and invest in necessary technology
Economics of Publishing
Pricing Per title, per article, per subject group? Open Access for all? Institution fees? Universities repository, how costly and effective
will that be to academics? Is there a future for “Big Deals”? New metrics coming into place: usage factor, cost
per download… Cost cutting
Price freeze, limited investment…
Summary – What for, Publishers? Provide the vehicles through which a scientist can
further their career Set high standards of research output Act as a quality filter
Provide a professional and seamless peer review service to ensure high standards are being achieved
Provide the means by which content can be easily accessed Invest in relationship with libraries, researchers and
resellers Continue to invest in offering a high standard of service IT, expertise, systems, new processes and methods
Listen to our communities Adapt business models Provide users what they want
Ensure that published content is available in whatever way the user wishes to access that content
One scientist’s view Philip Bourne, Ph.D., University of
California, San Diego, Editor-in-Chief, PLoS Computational Biology
“Will the contract between scientist and publisher change to be more than one of handling final manuscripts to one of maintaining the workflow of scholarly discourse - ideas, hypotheses, protocols, data, interpretations of these data, and conclusions, all in a variety of formats and modes of dissemination”.
STM International Conference, Cambridge MA 29 April 2010
Thank you
Any questions?
Yann Amouroux
IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK
Tel: 0044 117 9301117
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