Stone materials Igneous stone- created by volcanic processes or
mantle stone coming to the surface from erosition. Schists and
other chrystaline rock formations Sedmentery stone created by 1.
processes of erosion by water and wind reduce the stone and carry
it to re-deposition locations in near shore environments.
Sandstone, shale 2. The slow deposition of exoskeletons of deep
water invertebrates. Limestone Metamorphic stone created by the
geologic forces (pressure and heat) forming new stones from the
sedentary stone beds. Marble (limestone), and slate (shale),
quartzite (sandstone)
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Obtaining Stone Field stone- Stone that is eroded and obtained
without excavation Quarried stone- Stone that is obtained by
excavating to the bedding of stone and then breaking portions of
the stone from the quarry face. Stone was usually sold by the cord
for fieldstone and by the perch for stone from the quarry
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Working stone Scabbled stone Cut stone Dressed stone
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Working stone to ashlar
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Uncoursed stone (free stone)
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Coursed stone, and ashlar quoinsHeader bondFlemish bond
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Galleting (small stones in mortar)
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Sawn stone
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Bricks Bricks are manufactured building materials of clay, sand
and water. The clay is dug and used as without changing its
character. Kaolinite, Montmorillonite, illite and chorite are the
most common clays for brick. The clay has numerous impurities which
can change the color of the brick upon firing. Five percent ferric
oxide produces the typical red color, when burned at moderate
temperature (2,000 degrees F.). Mixed with sand and water, 3 parts
sand to 7 parts clay. The bricks were formed by forcing clay into
molds. Sanded or oiled molds created more consistent bricks and
were called stock brick. Because the brick would shrink in drying
and the heating process the brick molds were generally ten percent
larger than the intended fired brick.