1
STEM For You!
Prof Datuk Dr Halimaton Hamdan
Agricultural era
650 1750 1950 2000
Modified from Richard W Oliver, The shape of things to come
Technological era
Primitive era
Biotechnology era
IT era
Hot Spots
The Global Agenda
© DAR2003
The need to move to K-economy
STI is a critical element for Innovation-Led Economy
Transition of the Malaysian Economy
Agriculture Based
Economy
Innovation-Led
Economy
1957 to late 1970s
Late 1990s to 2020
Basic Input Factors Land Labour
Critical Success Factors STI Talent (Knowledge
Worker) Value creation from
R&D Market forces
Rewards are rapid & sustainable: • Wealth creation • Employment creation • Societal well being
P;-=
Resource-Led
Economy
1980s to mid 1990s
Basic Input Factors Infrastructure Collateralized risk- free
capital Labour Institutional Support
MALAYSIA
Global Competitiveness Index
(GCI) 2016 - 2017 (WEF)
Malaysia
ranked: 26th
Technical Readiness
Malaysia
ranked: 43rd
Global Innovation
Index (GII) 2016 Malaysia
ranked: 35th
Quality of Infrastructure
2016-2017 (GCI)
Malaysia
ranked: 24th
(IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook
2014)
4
Snapshots of Malaysia
WEF Competitiveness in 2016 - Malaysia is ranked
25th from 20th in 2014
Recommendations – Toward becoming more innovation driven, Malaysia will need to improve:
1. Its performance in STEM education and technological readiness (43rd)
2. In terms of eligibility to higher education and training in STEM fields (41st)
3. Standards in international S&T assessments
4. Gross expenditure on R&D (GERD – 1.13%)
Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi
11th MALAYSIA PLAN
(2016-2020)
Game Changer
Translating innovation to wealth
WHY STEM EDUCATION MATTERS
7
The future needs Science,
Technology, Engineering
and Mathematics (STEM)
STEM cannot solve all of
the worlds problem but
neither can we face the
future without it.
Hence many countries
have started to provide
STEM education to equip
their future generation to
be solution providers and
Malaysia should not be an exception
Disciplines of knowledge consisting of Science (physics, chemistry and biology) and mathematics with the integration of various technologies and engineering. STEM incorporates all the technologies that engage science and mathematics
(National Stem Movement, 2016)
Definition of STEM
Building a Nation, Building an Economy with STEM Education
• In Singapore, teachers are called “nation builders,” a recognition of the role they play in preparing the leaders and workers who will sustain the country’s economic health and longevity.
• In an Information Age economy, educators — particularly those who teach the so-called STEM courses of science, technology, engineering, and maths — are the main builders of our nation’s economic success.
• Demand for STEM Talent
• Industry Needs Cradle to Career
• Improving labour market (local)
• Transformed agri-based to manufacturing and service based economy
Accelerate Economic Growth
• Skills enhancement
• Improving the quality education
Strengthening Lifelong Learning
Why Do We Need STEM?
IMPORTANCE OF STEM
• To create more prosumers than consumers in Malaysia
• Ultimately, healthy economic growth depends on the ability of individuals to buy, and use, what a nation produces.
Global
Challenges in
the 21st
Century
Solving the problems of
climate change, poverty,
food security, water
security and the growing
world economy, all
depend on how well-
educated is the population
in STEM
STEM EDUCATION: TODAY
Science. The study of the natural
world
Technology. Any product created that
was used to solve a problem is
technology.
Engineering. The design process
used to solve problems
Mathematics. The language of
numbers, shapes and quantities
STEM education
TODAY is a
movement to develop
STEM fundamentals
that students need in
order to be
competitive in the
21st century.
Develop
Education:
Pre School
Primary School
Secondary School
Harness
Tertiary:
Form 6 (STPM)
A-Level
Matrix
University
Intensify
Job/Demand:
Private sector
Government sector
Entrepreneur
Transform Nation
Continued Economic Prosperity
Future Needs
Addressing the new generation of
students
Rethinking
Teaching
Redesigning
learning
We need thinking skills to be able to differentiate
what is fact and what is fiction;
We need thinking skills in order to make good
choices
In the current job market there is a need for
thinking skills to ensure job employability
STEM education emphasizes on creative and
critical thinking.
CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
STEM lessons focus on real-world issues and problems
and seek solution through research eg. Climate change
causing malaria on the rise
STEM lessons are guided by the engineering design
process.
Students required to IDENTIFY the problem,
conduct background research, DEVELOP multitude
of ideas for solutions, develop and CREATE a
prototype, test and evaluate and redesign them.
IDEAL STEM LESSON
Real-world issues
IDENTIFY Problem
Background research
Provide SOLUTION
DESIGN the solution
CREATE prototype
TEST and EVALUATE
RE=DESIGN
MALAYSIAN SCENARIO
K-economy would mean that Malaysia must have her
– Own scientific discoveries
– Own technology platforms
– Sufficient scientists with expertise and capability to manipulate technology
– own scientific discoveries and technology platforms to develop her own niche products.
STEM in Malaysia
DECREASING
ENROLLMENT OF SCIENCE STUDENTS AT SECONDARY
EDUCATION LEVEL
LAGGING IN SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT
AND LITERACY OF MALAYSIAN SECONDARY
STUDENTS IN INTERNATIONAL ASSESMENT
STUDIES
LAGGING IN
MATHEMATICS
ACHIEVEMENT AND LITERACY OF
MALAYSIAN SECONDARY STUDENTS IN
INTERNATIONAL ASSESMENT STUDIES
• Poor Critical thinking skills
• Inability to connect STEM
knowledge to real-life problems
SPM
2015
SPM
2014
SPM
2013 SPM
2012
440,688 455,839 470,402 472,524
132,540 308,148
30% 70%
Sains Sastera
31% 69%
Sains Sastera
31% 69%
Sains Sastera
31% 69%
Sains Sastera
143,327 312,512 145,080 325,322 147,202 325,322
STATISTIK CALON SPM YANG MEMENUHI
KRITERIA SAINS
Daripada jumlah calon menduduki SPM, penentuan
aliran Sains mengikut pengkelasan kategori aliran
kemasukan ke UA adalah EMPAT (4) daripada LIMA (5)
mata pelajaran di peringkat SPM
Mathematics Additional
Mathematics Physics Chemistry
Biology atau Peng Kej Awam/ Elektrik & Elektronik/ Mekanikal/ Reka Cipta/ Lukisan Kejuruteraan/ Tek Kejuruteraan/ Ekonomi Rumah Tangga/ Sains Pertanian/ Tek Maklumat/ Prinsip Akaun/
Perdagangan/ Ekonomi Asas/ Peng Sains Sukan/ Peng Makanan
Kriteria Calon Sains Bagi Permohonan Kemasukan Lepasan SPM/Setaraf Ke UA
No of students sitting for SPM is
decreasing Percentage
taking science is plateauing but no of students
taking up science is decreasing
Masalah kekurangan calon Sains di peringkat sekolah bagi
memenuhi dasar 60:40 Sains:Sastera
472,524 470,402 455,839 459,044
459,398 444,829
188,914 187,157 184,309
143,941 142,914 141,384 148,061 146,239 144,531
115,755 120,179 117,666
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
Tahun 2012 Tahun 2013 Tahun 2014
Bila
ng
an
Ca
lon
Perbandingan Data Calon SPM Mengikut Subjek Sains Yang Diambil
JUMLAH CALON SPM MATEMATIK ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PHYSICS CHEMISTRY BIOLOGY
1. Calon SPM yang mengambil subjek Sains (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) di bawah 60% setiap
tahun. Pada tahun 2012, jumlah calon yang mengambil subjek Biology – 24.50%, Physics –
30.46% dan Chemistry – 31.33 %
2. Peningkatan yang ada masih TIDAK memenuhi dasar 60:40 untuk Sains:Sastera
30.46
%
31.33%
24.50
% 31.02%
31.71%
25.81%
Sumber Data : Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia
Biology Physics
Chemistry
Biology Physics
Chemistry
Do we have enough STEM talents?
Country Percentage of Degrees
China 41%
India 26%
Britain 22%
Japan 18%
Brazil 14%
United States 13%
Where will All the STEM talent come from? The Global STEM Paradox , NYAS
STEM Talent
How is Malaysia positioned with regards to its STEM Talent pool?
• Ineffective teaching methodology
• Ad-hoc changes in policies
• Low levels of awareness of the demand for
specialised talent
A decline in interest in
Science, contributing to
STEM talent depletion
2015 30 : 70
JOBS PROJECTION BY 2020
(DEMAND DRIVEN)
RSE
Industry (S&T)
S&T Professionals
Total S&T
Expected Jobs Created
1.0
LEVEL 2012 QUANTITY/
YEAR 2020
QUANTITY/
YEAR
SECONDARY
SCHOOL
30/100
135,000
60/100
270,000
TERTIARY
40/100
40,000
60/100
60,000
RSE IN JOB
MARKET
29/10,000
WF
35,000 60/10,000 95,000
RATIO AND GROWTH RATE OF
S&T HUMAN CAPITAL
PROJECTED STEM WORKFORCE
Where we are?
• Currently only 29% high
skilled
• Target of 500,000 high
skilled workers by 2020 is
only 3% of total workforce;
other advanced countries
more than 30%
50% high
skilled workers
Cohort 2012 (Current) 2020 (Projection) Advanced Countries
Highly skilled STEM
WF 0.7%
(of 13 mil WF)
85K 3% (of 15 mil WF)
500K 30% (Average)
“There is no subject more captivating, more
worth of study, than science. To understand this
great mechanism, to discover the forces which
are active, and the laws which govern them, is
the highest aim for the intellect of man”
- Nikola Tesla Nikola Tesla was a Serbian-American inventor,
electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and
futurist who is best known for his contributions to the
design of the modern alternating current electricity
supply system.
Choosing your major
Science - Physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics
Biological/Chemical Science based - medicine, psychology,
pharmacy, dentistry, industrial science, chemical engineering,
veterinary, agriculture
Physical/Mathematical Science based – Actuary, civil, electrical
and mechanical engineering, architecture, geology, computer
science, survey
Applied/Services – Accountancy, information technology, law,
education, business, administration, marketing, finance,
advertising, mass communications, management
Points to consider:
Inclination (academic vs technical)
Interest (specific vs varied)
Path (focused vs diversed)
Nature (routine vs flexible)
Goal (knowledge vs service)
Characteristics of STEM talents
Intelligent
Knowledgeable
Observant techniques
A logical reasoner
Able to elaborate on idea
Openminded
Truth-seeking
A person who suspends
judgement
Honest
Headstrong
Motivated
Independent in thinking
Curious
Inquisitive
Eager to learn
Spontaneous
Skeptical
Perceptive
Persistent
Patient
Original
Creative
Flexible
Careful
Careers for STEM Graduates
Public Sector
• Scientists (chemists, physicists, bioscientists, mathematicians),
academic (professors, lecturers), technologists, process engineers,
researchers, research consultants, administrators, teachers, quality
controllers, radiologists, instrument engineers, administrators,
managers, financial institutions, mass communications,
(government bodies, patent and licensing (IP), reporters,
translators, public relations, publishers, editors)
Careers for STEM Graduates
Private sectors
• R & D Scientists, chemists, physicists, biologists, technologists,
process engineers, research officers, research consultants,
managers, marketing and advertising, analysts, quality
controllers, industrial supervisors, radiologists, instrument
engineers, audio-visual engineer, business and sales,
entrepreneur, mass communications, sports science, science
officers (banks, legal firms, patent and licensing (IP), public
relations, publishers, editors)
Career Path for academic scientists with PhD
• Lecturer (teaching, supervision, research)
• Associate Professor (teaching, supervision, leading
research, publication, mentoring, expert)
• Professor (scholar, supervision, publication,
management, leading research, commercial
consultant)
KEPERLUAN TENAGA KERJA UTK KORIDOR
NO KORIDOR KEPERLUAN TENAGA
KERJA
1 ISKANDAR (IDR) 1,300,000
2 ECER 92,000
3 NCER 500,000
4 SARAWAK (SCORE) 1,600,000
5 SABAH (SDC) 900,00
JUMLAH 4,392,000
TRENDS ON THE HORIZON
Future will be…
Green &
environment
friendly
Mobility
Modular
&
Scalable
Security &
sustainability
Industrial revolution: what’s next?
Priority Areas Long term goals
Cyber Security
• A national autonomous and
secure systems to reduce
the dependency on foreign
for systems of strategic
importance
Energy Security
• Sustainable energy supply
with introduction of new
energy resources and
reduce dependency on
fossil fuel
Environment &
Climate Change • Sustainable environment
Food Security
• Reduce dependency of
import on staple food and
increase the level of self
sufficiency
R&D for Nation Building
Sustainable energy
supply with
introduction of new
energy resources and
reduce dependency
on fossil fuel
Improved health,
wellbeing and
longevity
• Reduce dependency
of fossil fuel as
source of power and
enhance energy
efficiency
• Sustainable
urbanization
Priority areas Long term goals
Medical &
Healthcare
• Improved health, wellbeing and
longevity
Plantation Crops &
Commodities
• Sustainable plantation crops
and commodities sector
Transport &
Urbanization
• Reduce dependency of fossil
fuel as source of power and
enhance energy efficiency
• Sustainable urbanization
Water Security
• Ensuring sustainable water
supply & optimizing water
usage
Energy
Food
Security &
Agriculture
Cyber
Security
Environment &
Climate change Transportation &
Urbanisation
Medical & Healthcare
Plantation Crops &
Commodities
Water Security
Adopted from NSRC (2012)
Technology will be…
UBIQUITOUS
“Technology will
have ingrained itself
into every sphere of
human activity”
“More than1 trillion
devices will be
interconnected,
exchanging
information”
“Technology
intrusiveness,
human literally live
in technology”
“Technology will
understand data
they’re processing”
“Machines will
increasingly be able
to work
autonomously”
“Technology will be
replacing routine &
unsociable work ”
Technology will be…
SMART
“Technology will be
relating to humans
in human like ways”
“Humans will form
emotional
attachments to
technology”
Technology will be…
SOCIAL
“Accelerating rate of
technology convergence
& application”
“Development of new and
novel applications &
usage”
Technology will be…
COMBINING IN NEW WAYS
Technology will be
more disruptive
“Technique”
will be as
important as
technology
Different societies
will adapt differently
Cheaper
technology
GAME CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES : for the next 10 years
Mobile Internet
The Internet of things
Advanced robotics
Energy storage
Automation of knowledge
work
Autonomous and near-
autonomous vehicles
3D printing Advanced
materials
Next-generation
genomics
Cloud
technology
FOR THE NEXT DECADE
The top 10 fields of research :
• Clinical medicine
• Chemistry
• Physics
• Engineering
• Social Sciences, general
• Biology & Biochemistry
• Materials Sciences
• Plant & Animal Sciences
• Molecular Biology & Genetics
• Environment & Ecology
Top 10 Manual Codes :
• Computing & Controls
• Communications
• Semiconductors
• Electric Power Engineering
• Plastics & Polymers
• Scientific Instrumentation
• Pharmaceuticals
• Refactories, Glass, Ceramics
• Food, Disinfectants,
Detergents
• Electronic Components Source: Thomson Reuters (2014)
STEM most impactful areas:
Source: Thomson Reuters (2014)
Digital
Communications
Disease Prevention
& Control Medical Treatment
Pharmaceutical
Preparation
Energy Solutions
Multimedia
Devices
& Lighting
Instrumentation
(Biotech) Physics Particle
Novel Materials Genetics
In 2025…
Dementia declines
Solar is the largest
source of Energy
on the planet
Type I
diabetes is
preventable
Food shortages and food price
fluctuations are things of the past
Electric air
transportation takes off
Everything will be
digital, everywhere Teleportation testing
is common
DNA mapping at
birth is the norm
to manage
disease risk
Petroleum-based
packaging is history;
cellulose-derived
packaging rules
Cancer treatments have
very few toxic side
effects
HEALTHCARE
FOOD SECURITY DIGITAL LIFESTYLE
ENERGY
TRANSPORT
Source: Thomson Reuters (2014)
ARE WE READY TO TAKE
ADVANTAGE?
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