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STEM For You!

Prof Datuk Dr Halimaton Hamdan

Agricultural era

650 1750 1950 2000

Modified from Richard W Oliver, The shape of things to come

Technological era

Primitive era

Biotechnology era

IT era

Hot Spots

The Global Agenda

© DAR2003

The need to move to K-economy

STI is a critical element for Innovation-Led Economy

Transition of the Malaysian Economy

Agriculture Based

Economy

Innovation-Led

Economy

1957 to late 1970s

Late 1990s to 2020

Basic Input Factors Land Labour

Critical Success Factors STI Talent (Knowledge

Worker) Value creation from

R&D Market forces

Rewards are rapid & sustainable: • Wealth creation • Employment creation • Societal well being

P;-=

Resource-Led

Economy

1980s to mid 1990s

Basic Input Factors Infrastructure Collateralized risk- free

capital Labour Institutional Support

MALAYSIA

Global Competitiveness Index

(GCI) 2016 - 2017 (WEF)

Malaysia

ranked: 26th

Technical Readiness

Malaysia

ranked: 43rd

Global Innovation

Index (GII) 2016 Malaysia

ranked: 35th

Quality of Infrastructure

2016-2017 (GCI)

Malaysia

ranked: 24th

(IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook

2014)

4

Snapshots of Malaysia

WEF Competitiveness in 2016 - Malaysia is ranked

25th from 20th in 2014

Recommendations – Toward becoming more innovation driven, Malaysia will need to improve:

1. Its performance in STEM education and technological readiness (43rd)

2. In terms of eligibility to higher education and training in STEM fields (41st)

3. Standards in international S&T assessments

4. Gross expenditure on R&D (GERD – 1.13%)

Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi

11th MALAYSIA PLAN

(2016-2020)

Game Changer

Translating innovation to wealth

WHY STEM EDUCATION MATTERS

7

The future needs Science,

Technology, Engineering

and Mathematics (STEM)

STEM cannot solve all of

the worlds problem but

neither can we face the

future without it.

Hence many countries

have started to provide

STEM education to equip

their future generation to

be solution providers and

Malaysia should not be an exception

Disciplines of knowledge consisting of Science (physics, chemistry and biology) and mathematics with the integration of various technologies and engineering. STEM incorporates all the technologies that engage science and mathematics

(National Stem Movement, 2016)

Definition of STEM

Building a Nation, Building an Economy with STEM Education

• In Singapore, teachers are called “nation builders,” a recognition of the role they play in preparing the leaders and workers who will sustain the country’s economic health and longevity.

• In an Information Age economy, educators — particularly those who teach the so-called STEM courses of science, technology, engineering, and maths — are the main builders of our nation’s economic success.

• Demand for STEM Talent

• Industry Needs Cradle to Career

• Improving labour market (local)

• Transformed agri-based to manufacturing and service based economy

Accelerate Economic Growth

• Skills enhancement

• Improving the quality education

Strengthening Lifelong Learning

Why Do We Need STEM?

IMPORTANCE OF STEM

• To create more prosumers than consumers in Malaysia

• Ultimately, healthy economic growth depends on the ability of individuals to buy, and use, what a nation produces.

Global

Challenges in

the 21st

Century

Solving the problems of

climate change, poverty,

food security, water

security and the growing

world economy, all

depend on how well-

educated is the population

in STEM

STEM EDUCATION: TODAY

Science. The study of the natural

world

Technology. Any product created that

was used to solve a problem is

technology.

Engineering. The design process

used to solve problems

Mathematics. The language of

numbers, shapes and quantities

STEM education

TODAY is a

movement to develop

STEM fundamentals

that students need in

order to be

competitive in the

21st century.

Develop

Education:

Pre School

Primary School

Secondary School

Harness

Tertiary:

Form 6 (STPM)

A-Level

Matrix

University

Intensify

Job/Demand:

Private sector

Government sector

Entrepreneur

Transform Nation

Continued Economic Prosperity

Future Needs

Addressing the new generation of

students

Rethinking

Teaching

Redesigning

learning

We need thinking skills to be able to differentiate

what is fact and what is fiction;

We need thinking skills in order to make good

choices

In the current job market there is a need for

thinking skills to ensure job employability

STEM education emphasizes on creative and

critical thinking.

CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS

STEM lessons focus on real-world issues and problems

and seek solution through research eg. Climate change

causing malaria on the rise

STEM lessons are guided by the engineering design

process.

Students required to IDENTIFY the problem,

conduct background research, DEVELOP multitude

of ideas for solutions, develop and CREATE a

prototype, test and evaluate and redesign them.

IDEAL STEM LESSON

Real-world issues

IDENTIFY Problem

Background research

Provide SOLUTION

DESIGN the solution

CREATE prototype

TEST and EVALUATE

RE=DESIGN

MALAYSIAN SCENARIO

K-economy would mean that Malaysia must have her

– Own scientific discoveries

– Own technology platforms

– Sufficient scientists with expertise and capability to manipulate technology

– own scientific discoveries and technology platforms to develop her own niche products.

STEM in Malaysia

DECREASING

ENROLLMENT OF SCIENCE STUDENTS AT SECONDARY

EDUCATION LEVEL

LAGGING IN SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT

AND LITERACY OF MALAYSIAN SECONDARY

STUDENTS IN INTERNATIONAL ASSESMENT

STUDIES

LAGGING IN

MATHEMATICS

ACHIEVEMENT AND LITERACY OF

MALAYSIAN SECONDARY STUDENTS IN

INTERNATIONAL ASSESMENT STUDIES

• Poor Critical thinking skills

• Inability to connect STEM

knowledge to real-life problems

SPM

2015

SPM

2014

SPM

2013 SPM

2012

440,688 455,839 470,402 472,524

132,540 308,148

30% 70%

Sains Sastera

31% 69%

Sains Sastera

31% 69%

Sains Sastera

31% 69%

Sains Sastera

143,327 312,512 145,080 325,322 147,202 325,322

STATISTIK CALON SPM YANG MEMENUHI

KRITERIA SAINS

Daripada jumlah calon menduduki SPM, penentuan

aliran Sains mengikut pengkelasan kategori aliran

kemasukan ke UA adalah EMPAT (4) daripada LIMA (5)

mata pelajaran di peringkat SPM

Mathematics Additional

Mathematics Physics Chemistry

Biology atau Peng Kej Awam/ Elektrik & Elektronik/ Mekanikal/ Reka Cipta/ Lukisan Kejuruteraan/ Tek Kejuruteraan/ Ekonomi Rumah Tangga/ Sains Pertanian/ Tek Maklumat/ Prinsip Akaun/

Perdagangan/ Ekonomi Asas/ Peng Sains Sukan/ Peng Makanan

Kriteria Calon Sains Bagi Permohonan Kemasukan Lepasan SPM/Setaraf Ke UA

No of students sitting for SPM is

decreasing Percentage

taking science is plateauing but no of students

taking up science is decreasing

Masalah kekurangan calon Sains di peringkat sekolah bagi

memenuhi dasar 60:40 Sains:Sastera

472,524 470,402 455,839 459,044

459,398 444,829

188,914 187,157 184,309

143,941 142,914 141,384 148,061 146,239 144,531

115,755 120,179 117,666

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Tahun 2012 Tahun 2013 Tahun 2014

Bila

ng

an

Ca

lon

Perbandingan Data Calon SPM Mengikut Subjek Sains Yang Diambil

JUMLAH CALON SPM MATEMATIK ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS PHYSICS CHEMISTRY BIOLOGY

1. Calon SPM yang mengambil subjek Sains (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) di bawah 60% setiap

tahun. Pada tahun 2012, jumlah calon yang mengambil subjek Biology – 24.50%, Physics –

30.46% dan Chemistry – 31.33 %

2. Peningkatan yang ada masih TIDAK memenuhi dasar 60:40 untuk Sains:Sastera

30.46

%

31.33%

24.50

% 31.02%

31.71%

25.81%

Sumber Data : Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia

Biology Physics

Chemistry

Biology Physics

Chemistry

Do we have enough STEM talents?

Country Percentage of Degrees

China 41%

India 26%

Britain 22%

Japan 18%

Brazil 14%

United States 13%

Where will All the STEM talent come from? The Global STEM Paradox , NYAS

STEM Talent

How is Malaysia positioned with regards to its STEM Talent pool?

• Ineffective teaching methodology

• Ad-hoc changes in policies

• Low levels of awareness of the demand for

specialised talent

A decline in interest in

Science, contributing to

STEM talent depletion

2015 30 : 70

JOBS PROJECTION BY 2020

(DEMAND DRIVEN)

RSE

Industry (S&T)

S&T Professionals

Total S&T

Expected Jobs Created

1.0

LEVEL 2012 QUANTITY/

YEAR 2020

QUANTITY/

YEAR

SECONDARY

SCHOOL

30/100

135,000

60/100

270,000

TERTIARY

40/100

40,000

60/100

60,000

RSE IN JOB

MARKET

29/10,000

WF

35,000 60/10,000 95,000

RATIO AND GROWTH RATE OF

S&T HUMAN CAPITAL

PROJECTED STEM WORKFORCE

Where we are?

• Currently only 29% high

skilled

• Target of 500,000 high

skilled workers by 2020 is

only 3% of total workforce;

other advanced countries

more than 30%

50% high

skilled workers

Cohort 2012 (Current) 2020 (Projection) Advanced Countries

Highly skilled STEM

WF 0.7%

(of 13 mil WF)

85K 3% (of 15 mil WF)

500K 30% (Average)

“There is no subject more captivating, more

worth of study, than science. To understand this

great mechanism, to discover the forces which

are active, and the laws which govern them, is

the highest aim for the intellect of man”

- Nikola Tesla Nikola Tesla was a Serbian-American inventor,

electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and

futurist who is best known for his contributions to the

design of the modern alternating current electricity

supply system.

Choosing your major

Science - Physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics

Biological/Chemical Science based - medicine, psychology,

pharmacy, dentistry, industrial science, chemical engineering,

veterinary, agriculture

Physical/Mathematical Science based – Actuary, civil, electrical

and mechanical engineering, architecture, geology, computer

science, survey

Applied/Services – Accountancy, information technology, law,

education, business, administration, marketing, finance,

advertising, mass communications, management

Points to consider:

Inclination (academic vs technical)

Interest (specific vs varied)

Path (focused vs diversed)

Nature (routine vs flexible)

Goal (knowledge vs service)

Characteristics of STEM talents

Intelligent

Knowledgeable

Observant techniques

A logical reasoner

Able to elaborate on idea

Openminded

Truth-seeking

A person who suspends

judgement

Honest

Headstrong

Motivated

Independent in thinking

Curious

Inquisitive

Eager to learn

Spontaneous

Skeptical

Perceptive

Persistent

Patient

Original

Creative

Flexible

Careful

Careers for STEM Graduates

Public Sector

• Scientists (chemists, physicists, bioscientists, mathematicians),

academic (professors, lecturers), technologists, process engineers,

researchers, research consultants, administrators, teachers, quality

controllers, radiologists, instrument engineers, administrators,

managers, financial institutions, mass communications,

(government bodies, patent and licensing (IP), reporters,

translators, public relations, publishers, editors)

Careers for STEM Graduates

Private sectors

• R & D Scientists, chemists, physicists, biologists, technologists,

process engineers, research officers, research consultants,

managers, marketing and advertising, analysts, quality

controllers, industrial supervisors, radiologists, instrument

engineers, audio-visual engineer, business and sales,

entrepreneur, mass communications, sports science, science

officers (banks, legal firms, patent and licensing (IP), public

relations, publishers, editors)

Career Path for academic scientists with PhD

• Lecturer (teaching, supervision, research)

• Associate Professor (teaching, supervision, leading

research, publication, mentoring, expert)

• Professor (scholar, supervision, publication,

management, leading research, commercial

consultant)

KEPERLUAN TENAGA KERJA UTK KORIDOR

NO KORIDOR KEPERLUAN TENAGA

KERJA

1 ISKANDAR (IDR) 1,300,000

2 ECER 92,000

3 NCER 500,000

4 SARAWAK (SCORE) 1,600,000

5 SABAH (SDC) 900,00

JUMLAH 4,392,000

TRENDS ON THE HORIZON

Future will be…

Green &

environment

friendly

Mobility

Modular

&

Scalable

Security &

sustainability

Industrial revolution: what’s next?

Priority Areas Long term goals

Cyber Security

• A national autonomous and

secure systems to reduce

the dependency on foreign

for systems of strategic

importance

Energy Security

• Sustainable energy supply

with introduction of new

energy resources and

reduce dependency on

fossil fuel

Environment &

Climate Change • Sustainable environment

Food Security

• Reduce dependency of

import on staple food and

increase the level of self

sufficiency

R&D for Nation Building

Sustainable energy

supply with

introduction of new

energy resources and

reduce dependency

on fossil fuel

Improved health,

wellbeing and

longevity

• Reduce dependency

of fossil fuel as

source of power and

enhance energy

efficiency

• Sustainable

urbanization

Priority areas Long term goals

Medical &

Healthcare

• Improved health, wellbeing and

longevity

Plantation Crops &

Commodities

• Sustainable plantation crops

and commodities sector

Transport &

Urbanization

• Reduce dependency of fossil

fuel as source of power and

enhance energy efficiency

• Sustainable urbanization

Water Security

• Ensuring sustainable water

supply & optimizing water

usage

Energy

Food

Security &

Agriculture

Cyber

Security

Environment &

Climate change Transportation &

Urbanisation

Medical & Healthcare

Plantation Crops &

Commodities

Water Security

Adopted from NSRC (2012)

Technology will be…

UBIQUITOUS

“Technology will

have ingrained itself

into every sphere of

human activity”

“More than1 trillion

devices will be

interconnected,

exchanging

information”

“Technology

intrusiveness,

human literally live

in technology”

“Technology will

understand data

they’re processing”

“Machines will

increasingly be able

to work

autonomously”

“Technology will be

replacing routine &

unsociable work ”

Technology will be…

SMART

“Technology will be

relating to humans

in human like ways”

“Humans will form

emotional

attachments to

technology”

Technology will be…

SOCIAL

“Accelerating rate of

technology convergence

& application”

“Development of new and

novel applications &

usage”

Technology will be…

COMBINING IN NEW WAYS

Technology will be

more disruptive

“Technique”

will be as

important as

technology

Different societies

will adapt differently

Cheaper

technology

GAME CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES : for the next 10 years

Mobile Internet

The Internet of things

Advanced robotics

Energy storage

Automation of knowledge

work

Autonomous and near-

autonomous vehicles

3D printing Advanced

materials

Next-generation

genomics

Cloud

technology

FOR THE NEXT DECADE

The top 10 fields of research :

• Clinical medicine

• Chemistry

• Physics

• Engineering

• Social Sciences, general

• Biology & Biochemistry

• Materials Sciences

• Plant & Animal Sciences

• Molecular Biology & Genetics

• Environment & Ecology

Top 10 Manual Codes :

• Computing & Controls

• Communications

• Semiconductors

• Electric Power Engineering

• Plastics & Polymers

• Scientific Instrumentation

• Pharmaceuticals

• Refactories, Glass, Ceramics

• Food, Disinfectants,

Detergents

• Electronic Components Source: Thomson Reuters (2014)

STEM most impactful areas:

Source: Thomson Reuters (2014)

Digital

Communications

Disease Prevention

& Control Medical Treatment

Pharmaceutical

Preparation

Energy Solutions

Multimedia

Devices

& Lighting

Instrumentation

(Biotech) Physics Particle

Novel Materials Genetics

In 2025…

Dementia declines

Solar is the largest

source of Energy

on the planet

Type I

diabetes is

preventable

Food shortages and food price

fluctuations are things of the past

Electric air

transportation takes off

Everything will be

digital, everywhere Teleportation testing

is common

DNA mapping at

birth is the norm

to manage

disease risk

Petroleum-based

packaging is history;

cellulose-derived

packaging rules

Cancer treatments have

very few toxic side

effects

HEALTHCARE

FOOD SECURITY DIGITAL LIFESTYLE

ENERGY

TRANSPORT

Source: Thomson Reuters (2014)

ARE WE READY TO TAKE

ADVANTAGE?

halimatonhamdan@utm.my

Thank you

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