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maldehyde
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S
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1
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70
2
IS
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6
814
S
S
5
53
P
ar
t
3 :
D
e
ter
mina
t
i
o
n
o
fforma
l
de
h
yde
and
ot
h
er
carbony lcompou
n
d
s-
A
ct
ive
sampli
n
gmeth
o
d
Par
t
5:
S
amp
l
ingstrategyfo
r
vo
l
at
il
eorgan
i
ccompound
s (
VOCs)
Par
t
6
:
D
ete
rm
i
n
ati
on
o
f
v
o
l
a
tile
or
g
a
niccomp
o
un
d
s
in i
n
d
oo
r
a
n
d te
s
t
c
h
a
m
be
r
a
i
r
by
a
c
t
i
v
e
s
a
m
p
l
i
n
g
o
n
T
e
n
a
x
T
A
s
o
r
b
e
n
t
,
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
d
e
s
o
r
p
tio
n
a
n
d
gas c
h
r
o
ma
t
o
g
r
a
phyusing
M
S/
FID
Par
t
8
:
De
ter
mina
t
i
on
o
f
loc
al
m
ean
a
g
e
s of
a
ir
i
n
b
u
i
l
d
ingsf
or
ch
a
r
a
c
ter
izing
ventil
a
ti
o
n
c
ond it
i
on
s
Pa
r
t
1
2 :
S
amplin
g
s
t
r
ategyfo
r
po
l
yc
hlo
r
ina te
d
biphe
ny
l
s
(PCBs),
p
o
l
y
ch
l
or
i
n
a
te
d
d
i
b
e
n
zo-p-diox
i
ns
(
P
CDDs)
,
p
o
l
ych
l
or
i
n
ated d
i
be
n
z
o
fura
ns
(PCDF
s
)
an
d
pol
y
c
yc
li
c
a
rom
at
i
ch
ydro
car
bo
n
s(PA
H
s
)
Par
t
1
5:
S
ampli
n
g
strateg
y
forn
i
troge
n
d
i
ox
i
de
(NO2)
In
door,a
m
bient&workp
l
acea
ir
-Sa
m
p
li
ngandana
l
ysi
s
ofvo
l
at
il
eorgan
i
c
co
m
pound
s
by sorbent
tube/
ther
m
aldesorptio
n
/ cap
il
laryga
s
ch
r
omatog
r
aph
y
Work
pl
ace a
i
r
qua
l
ity
-
Deter
m
in
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
o
tal
organ
i
cisocyan
a
teg
r
oup
s
i
n
a
ir
u
s
i
ng
1-(
2
-
m
e
tho
xyp
h
enyl)
pi
peraz
in
e
an
d
li
qu
i
d
chrom
a
tog
r
ap
h
y
Bu
il
d
i
ng
en
v
iron
me
n
t
des
i
gn
-
Ind
oor
air
q
u
a
li
ty-
Me
thod
so
f
ex
p
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
t
he
qual
ityof
indoorair
for
human
occupancy
Code
ofp
r
a
c
ti
ce
forai
r
-co
n
d
it
ioningandmec
h
an
ic
al
v
e
nti
lation i
n
building
s
3
D
ef
i
n itio
n
s
F
o
r
t
he
p
u
r
p
os
e
o
f
t
h
is
S
i
n
g
a
p
o
r
e
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
,
t
h
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
d
e
f
i
n
i
t
i
o
ns
ap
p
ly
:
3
.
1
A
c
c
eptable
IA
Q
A
ir
in
anoccup iedsp
a
cetowardw
h
ichasub
st
ant ia
l
majo
rit
y(8
0
% )o
f
occupants
exp
r
es
s
no
diss
a
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
on
a
nd
in
wh
i
ch
th
e
r
e
a
r
e
notl
i
k
ely
to
b
e k
n
o
wn
c
o
nt
am in
ants
at
c
o
nc
en
trati
ons
l
ead
i
n
gto
exposure
s
tha
t
pos
e
a
s
i
gni
fi
canthea
l
th
r
i
sk .
3
.
2
Accep
t
ableperceived
IAQ
Ai
r
i
nan
occ
u
p
ied
sp
a
c
e
towa
rdwhi
ch
a
substan
t
ial
maj
ority
(80%)
o
f
occu
p
a
n
t
sexp
r
e
s
s
no
d
i
ssat
i
sfactio
n
onthebas
i
sof
odou
r
andsenso
r
y
i
rr
i
t
a
t
i
on. Accepta
ble
perce
i
v
ed
IAQ
is
n
ec
e
ssa
r
y
but
n
ot sufficient to
me
e
t
t
he
accep
t
ab
le
IA
Q .
3
.
3A
i
rc
h
a
ng
e
rat
e
(
a
i
r
ch
a
ng
e
p
er
ho
ur)
The
a
ir
flow
rat
e
to a spaceexpressed a
s
volum
e
perun
i
tt
im
e d
i
v
i
de
d
b
y
t
he
volu
m
e
ofthe
space
i
n
c
o
n
s
i
ste
n
t un
i
ts.ac.
h
1
.
3
.
4Air
c
hange
e
f
fe
cti
venes
s
Ame
a
su
r
e
of
t
here
la
t
i
o
ns
h
i
p
be
tween
t
h
eco
n
tam
in
a
nt
concent
ra
t
i
on
i
nthe
e
x
ha
us
ta
i
r
and
t
he
c
onta
min
an
t
con
c
ent
ra
tio
n
i
n
t h
e
br
e
a
thin
g
z
o
n
e.
10
7/24/2019 SS554_2009 IAQ
11/50
SS55
4
:
2009
3
.
5
Air-
c
o
n
d iti
o
ni
ng
P
r
o
c
e
s
so
f t
r
e
ating
a
ir
tom
ee t
t
h
e
r
equ
ir
e
m
ent
s
o
f a
c
ondit
i
o
ned
s
pac
e
b
yc
o
nt
r
ol
li
ng it
s
te
mp
er
a
t
u
re,
h
umidity,
c
lea
n
li
n
e
ssanddistribution.
3
.
6
A
i
r
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
u
r
e
The
d
r
y-bu
l
bte
m
pe
ra
t
u
reoft
he
ai
r
su
r
rou
n
d
ing
t
heoccu
p
a
n
t
3
.
7
B
u
il
ding-
r
e
l
ated
i
lln
e
s
s
A
ny
ill
nes
s
wh
i
c
h
oc
c
ur
s
d
ir
e
ctl
ya
s
a resu
lt
of
h
u
man expos
u
r
e
to
a spec
i
f
ic
hea
l
th haza
r
d
present
i
n
the
bu
il
d
ing .
3
.
8
Co
mpeten
t
pe
r
son
Ap
e
rsonw
ho
is q
u
a
lifiedby
traini
n
ga
n
d
e
x
p
erie
n
ce,
a
n
d
h
a
ss
u
f
f
icientknowl
ed
ge
o
f IAQ,
an
dis
r
e
c
o
g
n
i
s
e
d
by
c
ogn
iz
a
n
t a
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
i
e
s
t
o
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
t
o
b
e
carr
ie
d
o
u
t
.
3
.
9
Airb
o
r
nec
o
nta
min
ants)
A
n
un
w
a
n
ted
ai
r
bo
r
ne
c
o
ns
t
ituentthatmayr
e
duce
acc
e
p
tabi
li
t
yo
f
t
he in
d
o
o
r
air
qua li
t
y
.
3
.
1
0
M
i
c
r
obi
a
l
c
ontaminant
(s)
F
u
n
g
al
,
b
a
c
terial
,
or
vi
r
a lo
rg
an
i
sms
,to
xin
sth
ey
p
r
oduc
e ,
or
p
a
r
t
i
cl
e
s
b
earingsuc
h
organ
i
smso
r
to
x
i
n
s
t
hatare
a
i
rborneordeposite
d
on
i
ndoo
r
surface
s
an
d
that
can
cause
d
i
sease ,
i
rritat
i
on, a
ll
ergic
re
acti
on.
A
lso
r
e
fe
rr
ed
t
o
as
b
i
o
l
og
ic
al
c
o
nt
am
in
a
nts
o
r
b
i
o
c
o
n
ta
min
a
n
t
s.These
ter
ms
inclu
de
substan
c
ess
u
cha
s
insec
t
an
d
p
et allergens .
3
.
1
1
E
n
c l
o
s
u
r
e
Ani
n
di
v
idual
room
,
sp
a
c
e
or part the
r
eofabl
e
of bei
n
g
i
s
olated ,
eit
h
e
r
pe
r
mane
n
tly
or te
m
porarily,
fro
m
a
d
jace
n
t area
s
by
mea
n
s
of
door
s
o
r
w
i
n
d
o
w
s
o
r
o
t
h
erequivalentbarrie
r
s .
3
.
12Ex
hau
s
t
a
ir
Airremov
e
d
fr
om anenclos
u
r
e
a
n
d
dischar
g
ed
into
t
he
atmosp
h
e
r
e.
3
.
1
3E
n
vi
ro
n
menta
l
tob
a
cc
o
smo
ke
(
E
T
S)
M
i
xtureofage
d
an
d
exha
l
e
d
ma
i
ns trea
m
ands
i
des t
r
ea
m
s
m
ok
e
produce
d
fro
mt
heburn
i
n
g
of
t
ob
a
cco s
u
bs
t
a
nce
.
3
.
14
Ind
o
or
a
i
r
Ai
r
i
n
sid
e
a
building
,
in
cl
ud
i
n
g
a
i
rw
hi
ch
is
w
ith
i
n
a
ro
om
a
n
d
ai
r
whi
c
h
is
rem
ov
ed
fr
o
m
a
ro
o
m
b
y
m
ech
a
n
i
ca l
m
e
an
s
.
3
.
1
5
I
n
f
i
ltrationa ir
Un
c
on
tr
olled pa
ss
age
o
f
airi
n
t
o
aspa
ce
t
h
r
ough leakag
e
pa
t
hs in
thebuildi
n
ge
nv
elo
p
e .
3
.
1
6Hu
m
id ity
,
re lat
i
ve
T
hema
s
sofwat
e
r
v
apouri
n
t
heai
r
b
y
v
olu
me
d
ivi
dedby
m
ass
of
w
ater
v
a
p
ou
r
b
y
v
olumeat
s
a
t
u
r
a
t
ion
a
tth
es
am
e
tempe
r
a
t
u
r
e
.
1 1
7/24/2019 SS554_2009 IAQ
12/50
SS
5
5
4
:
20
09
3
.
17
ACMVsystem
s
Refer
s
t
o
thea
i
r-condit
i
onin
g
an
d
me
c
han
i
c
al
v
e
n
t
il
a
t
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
ofthe
bu
il
ding .
3
.
18Lo
c
a
l
exhau
s
t
E
x
t
r
ac t
i
o
n
ofobject
i
o
n
abl
e
o
r
h
aza
r
dou
s
c
o
n
ta
m
i
n
a
n
t
s
c
lo
s
e t
o
th
e
s
ou
rc
e
fo
r
sa
f
e
d
i
s
c
ha
r
g
e
t
o
the
external
at
m
o
sphere.
3
.
1
9O
ccupie
d
zone
Th
e
regio
n
no
r
mall
y
o
cc
upie
d b
y
pe
rso
ns
w
it
h
i
n
a
sp
a
c
e
,
gene
r
all
y
cons
i
de
r
ed
to
be
bet
w
e
en
t
h
e
floo
r
an
d1.
8
mabo
ve
t
h
e
fl
oo
r
,an
d
mo
re
t
ha
n
0 .
6m
f
r
om
t
h
e
wa
i
ls
.
3
.
20O
d
ou
r
Aqua
l
ityof
gas
es
,
l
iqu
ids
,o
r
p
ati
c
l
e
s
th
a
t
st
im
ulat
es
t
heo
l
f
a
cto
r
yo
r
gan.
3
.
2
1
O
utdoo
r
a ir
Amb
i
ent a
i
renter
i
n
g
thesyste
m
or
o
p
eningf
r
o
m
outdoor
s
beforea
n
ya
ir
t
r
ea
t
men
t
.
3
.
22
Outdoo ra
i
r
i
nt
a
ke
Anyo
p
en
ing
throug
h
w
h
i
c
h
outd
o
ora
i
ri
sa
d
m
i
t
ted.
3
.
23
Pr
e
dict
ed
me
an
vo
t
e
(
P
M
V)
A
n
index
t
ha
tpred
i
ct
s
t
h
e
m
ea
n
va
lue
o
f
t
he
vo
t
e
s
o
f
a
la
r
ge
gro
up
of
p
e
r
sons
o
nt
he 7-
p
o
i
nt
th
erm
a
l
sens
a
ti
o
nsc
a
le (s
e
e ISO
7730
) ,
b
asedo
n
theh
e
at
ba
l
anc
eoft
h
e
hu
m
an
b
o
dy.
3
.
24
Pr
edi
ct
ed
p
e
r
c
entaged
i
s
sa
t
isfie
d
(
P
P
D
)
An
in
d
e
x t
ha
t
e
s
t
a
b
l
ishes
a
quan
t
i
t
ative
p
r
e
d
i
c
tio
n
o
f
the
per
ce
nt
ag
e of
the
r
m
a
lly
d
issatis
f
i
ed
pe
o
ple
w
hofeeltoo
co
l
d
o
r
too
w
ar
m
(
see
I
SO7730).
3
.
2
5
R
e
-ci
r
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
a
i
r
Enclosu
r
ea
i
r
thatpas
s
e
s
th
r
oug
h
a
l
ocala
i
rc
l
ean
i
ng unitan
d
r
eturn
s
to
t
h
e
sam
e
o
r
otherenc
l
osures.
3
.
2
6
Sickbuildingsyndrome
An
e
x
ce
s
s
of
work-re
l
ate
d
irri
tat
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
k
i
n
an
d
m
uc
ou
s
me
m
b
r
an
es
a
n
d
o
the
rsy
m
pt
om
s
(
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
h
ea
da
c
he
a
nd
f
a
t
i
g
u
e
)
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
b
y
occ
u
pa
n
t
s
i
n
m
o
d
e
r
n
o
ff
ic
e
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
s
.
3
.
27Sourc
e
Indoorgenerat
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
persons
,
materia
ls
o
r
p
rocesse
s
(a
c
t
i
v
it
i
e
s
)fro
m
wh
i
ch
i
ndoora
ir
co
n
tam
i
na
n
ts
arerelea
s
ed.Canal
so
be
a
r
o
u
t
e
ofe
n
tryof
c
o
n
ta
m
ina
n
t
s
f
r
o
m
o
u
tdoorai
r
o
r
s
oil
.
3
.
2
8
S
u
p
p
lyair
Airint
r
oduced i
n
t
o
a
n
en
c
lo
s
u
r
e
by
m
e
ch
ani
c
a
l
o
r
na
t
u
r
a
l
mea
n
s
.
3
.
29Susp
ended
pa
r
t
ic
u
l
a
t
e
matt
e
r
The
m
ass
o
f
p
art
i
c
le
s
s
us
p
en
de
d
in
a
u
n
it vo
lum
e
o
f
ai
r
when
co
ll
ec
t
e
d
b
ya
highv
o
l
u
meair sam
pl
er.
12
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:2
0
0
9
3
.
3
0
M
e
c
h
a
n
ic
a l vent
i
l
a
ti
on
Ventil
a
ti
o
n provi
d
ed
by
m
e
c
ha
nic
a
lly p
owe
r
ed
equ
i
p
me
n
t .
3
.
31
N
at
u
ra
l
v
en
tila
t
io
n
Ve
n
t
ila
tiont
hro
ugh
l
eaka
g
e
pa t
hs(
infi
ltr
a
t
i
o
n
)a
n
d
in
ten
ti
onalo
p
e
nings
(
ve
nt
i
la
t
i
o
n
)
int
he
b
uil
d
ing
e
n
v
e
l
op
e
o
rr
o
o
m
en
cl
osu
rew
h
ichr
e
li
e
s
on
p
r
e
s
su
re
d
if
f
e
r
e
nc
e
swit
h
o
u
t
theaid
o
fpow
e
r
e
dair
m
o
vi
n
g
c
om
p
one
n
ts .
3
.
3
2
The
r
m
a
l
c
om
f
o
rt
Cond itionofmi
n
dderivedf
r
om
sa
t isfactionw ithth
e
therma len
v
i
r
onme
n
t.
The
r
ma lcomfo
r
tisth
e
co
m
b
in
ed
th
ermal effect
o
f
en
vi
ro
nm
ental
p
arameters
i
nc
lu
ding a
i
rte
mp
erature,re
la
t
i
v
e
h
u
m i
dity ,
a
ir
m
o
v
e
m
e
nt,me
an
r
ad
i
a
n
tte
mperat
u
re(
i
x
ed
fa
ct
o
rs)
an
dclot
h
i
n
g
a
ndac tivi
ty
l
e
ve lof
o
cc
u
p
ants
(
var
i
ab
le
factors).
3
.
33
V
en
t
ila
t
i
o
n
T
h
e
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
of
s
up
pl
yi
n
g
o
r
r
e
movi
ng
a
i
r
by
na
t
u
ral
or
me
c
h
a
nic
alm
eans
t
o
o
r
fro
m
a s
p
a
ce fo
r
t
he
pu
rp
o
se
o
f
cont
r
ol
ling
a
i
rcontam
in
an
t l
e
v
e
ls
, h
u
m
i
dity, odo
u
r
s
or
te
mpe
rat
u
r
e
w
it
hi
nt
h
e
s
p
ac
e .
3
.
34
Ventilationrates
A
irflo
w
rate
a
t
w
hi
ch
o
u
td
o
ora
i
re
n
ters
a
buil
d
i
n
g
o
r
en
cl
o
s
ed
s
p
ace .
4 Guidelin
e
sf
o
rachi
e
ving
a
ccept
a
ble IAQ
4
.
1
G
en
er
a l
I
AQ
ma
y
b
e
e
x
pre
s
seda
s
the
e
x
tent
t
o
whi
ch
t
h
e
qualit
y
of
i
n
doo
r
airme
ets
human
r
equi
r
eme
n
ts .
H
uman
s
ha
ve
two ba
si
c
r
equiremen
t
s
fo
r
I
A
Q : th
e
r
i
s
k
of
any
a
d
v
er
s
e hea
lt
h
e
ffe
cts
of
b
r
e
athing the
ai
r
should
b
e
l
owandt he ai
r
sh
ould
be
per
c
e
i
ved
as
a
c
c
eptab
l
ein
r
elat
i
on
to
c
om
f
o
rt
.
N
O
T
E -A
r
ange
of factor
s
no t di
r
e
c
t
ly
re
l
atedt
o
IAQ
su
ch
as
light
i
ng,a
c
ou
s
ti
cs
,so
c
ia
l
psy
c
holog
ic
al fa
c
tors
shou
l
d
b
e
ta
k
e
n
i
nt
o
acc
ou
nt
i
f
I
A
Q
co
m
p
l
a
i
n
t
s
pe
rsis
t
.
4
.
2
Impa
c
tofIA
Q
o
n
produ
cti
v
i
t
y
and
heal
t
h
T
he
r
e
is
ac
lo
se
re
la
t
i
onsh
ip
b
etw
ee
n
p
r
o
ducti
v
ityand IAQ
i
n
a
we
l
l
m
a
n
a
g
e
d
workp
l
ace .
I
t
i
s
ge
ner
a
lly
a
ssume
d
t
ha
t
h
e
al
t
hy
a
nd c
o
m f
o
r
ta
bl
e
e
m
p
loy
e
es
w
o
ul
d
bem
o
re p
r
o
d
uctive at w
or
k
.
The
op
ti
on ofsp
e
cify
i
ngIAQthat
i
s
b
ette
r
than
the
mi
n
i
mum stan
d
a
r
ds
sp
ecified
i
n
th
is
Code
(
wheret
h
ere
i
s
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
t
h
at
t
h
is
w
o
u
l
d
en
h
a
n
c
e
p
r
o
d
uc
t
i
v
i
ty)
s
h
ou
l
d
b
e
c
o
n
s
id
e
r
e
d
(
s
e
e
A
n
n
e
x
A
)
.
4
.
3
Design
I
AQ
i
n
a
bu
il
d
in
g
is
th
e
re
s
ult
o
fse
v
e
r
alfactor
s
, not justve
n
t
il
atio
n
rat
e
a
n
d
v
e
n
t
il
at
i
on
c
harac terist
i
cs .
C
o
nsi
d
eration
s
houl
d
al
s
o
be
gi
ve
n
t
o
al
l
the
f
o
llowi
n
g
r
e
leva
nt
e
l
em
e
nt
s(
s
ee
4.3
.1
t
o
4
.
3
.
4)
i
n
th
e
earlystage
s
ofbu
il
din
g
design.
A
b
uilding
,
i
nc
l
ud
i
n
g
it
s
vent
il
at
i
o
n
orai
r
-condition
i
n
g
system,shoul
d
b
e
des
i
gne
d
top
r
ov
i
de
acce
p
tab
l
e
I
A
Qu
n
derno
r
ma
l
opera
tin
g
c
ondition
s.
13
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S
55
4
:2
0
09
4
.
3
.
1Location
o
f
t
he
building
4
.
3
.
1
.
1 E
n
viron
men
t
The
e
n
vir
on
mentwherea
b
uildi
n
g
is
locat
e
d
canhave
a
majorimpact
o
n
th
e
I
A
Q
o
f
t
hebuildin
g
.
S
p
ec
i
a
l
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
t
a
k
e
n
t
o
m
i
n
i
m
i
s
e
th
e
i
m
p
a
ct
.
4
.
3
.
1
.
2
Ou
tdo
o
ra
i
r
q
ua
li
t
y
The
q
u
alityo
f
ou
td
oo
r
a
i
rin
tr
oduc
ed
i
n
to the
bui
l
di
n
g
s
h
o
u
l
d
conf
o
r
m
wi
t
h
t
h
e
r
e
levan
t
USEPAo
r
WH
Oa
m
b
ient
a
irqua
l
it
y
sta
n
d
a
rdsadopt
e
d
by
NEA .W
h
ere
th
is
is
n
o
t
p
o
s
si
b
le,
ap
p
ro
p
ria
t
eair
tre
a
t
m
e
n
t
s
h
oul
d
b
e
c
o
ns
ide
r
e
d.Ou
tdoo
r
ai
rf
il
t
e
r
s
h
a
v
inga
M
i
n
imum
E
f
f
i
c
ie
nc
yRe
p
o
rt
i
n
gValue
(MER
V
)
of 6
or
h
i
g
herr
at
ed i
n
acc
o
rd
a
n
c
e
wi
thAS
HR
A
E
5
2.2,
shou l
d
b
e
installed
t
ocl
e
an
th
e
ou
t
doo ra irbe fo
r
e in
t
rodu
c
ti
on
into
the indoore nv i
r
onm
e
nt .
A
ir
i
n
t
a
k
e
l
ocat
i
on
s
shou
ld
b
e
care
f
u
ll
yse
l
e
ct
e
d
to
op
ti
m
i
s
e
thequa
li
ty o
f
outdoo
r
a
i
r
f
or
the purpose
ofv
e
nt ilation .
A
l
l
o
u
tdo
o
r
a
i
r
i
n
tr
od
uc
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
i
n
d
oo
r
e
n
v
i
r
o
nm
e
n
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
A
C
M
V
sys
te
m
sh
ou
l
d
b
e
f
il
t
e
r
e
d
(r
e
fer
t
oA
nn
ex
E).In
t
heev
e
ntof elevate
d
ozone
l
ev
els
in
o
utd
o
or ai
r
,
a
p
p
rop
r
iate
air filtra
t
io
n
t
echniqu
e
t
or
educ
e
the
o
z
on
e
m
a
y
need t
o
b
ec
o
n
s
i
de
r
e
d
.
4
.
3
.
2So
u
rces and c
o
ntro lof in
d
oo ra ir contam in
a
n
t
s
Forso
u
rces
and
contro
l
o
f
ind
o
or
air
c
o
nt
a
minants
,
p
l
e
ase re
f
er
t
oAnn
e
x
B .
4
.
3
.
3V
e
nti latio n
ch
a
racteris
t
ics
T
h
e
purpos
e
of
prov
i
d
i
n
g
ve
n
ti
l
at
i
o
n
is
t
o
d
il
ute i
n
doo
r
contam ina
n
ts s
o
that a
n
acce
p
tab
l
e
i
n
doo
r
a
ir
q
u
alitycan
b
e
m
aintain
e
d.
T
he
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
de
d
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
v
e
n
t
ila t i
o
n
r
a
t
e
s
c
a
n
be
fou
n
d
in
S
S
5
5
3
.
In
addit ion t
o
v
e
ntil
a
t
ion
rat
es ,
a i
rc
l
assi
f
icat i
o
n
and
r
ec i
r
cu
l
at ion
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
shou
l
db
e
f
o
l
lowe
d
f
or
a
cc
e
pt
ab
le
I
A
Q . It
i
s
al
so
impor
t
a
n
t
to
n
o
tet
h
at
it
is
the occu
p
a
n
t
s
br
eathing
z
o
n
e
wh
i
ch
is
r
eleva
n
t
whenm
i
n
i
mumo
u
tdoora
i
r f low
r
atesa
re
cons ide red
.
I
n
fo
r
ma t iononth
e
ve
n
t i
l
at ion
c
ha
r
acte
r
ist
i
cs
,
w
itht
he
ob
j
e
ctiv
e
of
qua
ntit
a
tivelym
e
a
su
r
in
gt
he
v
en
t
ila
t
ion
p
erfo
rm
a
nce (
such
a
s
outdoo
r
ai
rc
han
g
e
rate
an
d
a
i
rexchangeef
f
ect
i
veness)
w
he
n
necessa
r
y,
is
g
i
ven
i
nAnnex
C.
4
.
3
.
4
Na
tu
r
ean
d
us
e
o
ft
h
e
bui
l
di
n
g
4
.
3
.
4
.
1F lex
i
b
il it
y
T
he des
i
g
n
of the
bu
il
d
i
n
g
and
i
t
s
var
i
ou
s
sy
s
tem
s
shou
l
d
be
f
l
ex
i
bl
e
to
accommodate
m
ino
r
changes
t
o
bu
il
d
i
n
g
u
s
ag
e .
I
t
i
s
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
ded
t
h
at
t
h
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
I
A
Q
b
e
r
e
-
e
va
lua
t
e
d
o
nc
e
t
h
e
b
ui
l
d
in
g
us
e
ha
s
b
ee
n
id
e
nt ifi
e
d .
4
.
3
.
4
.
2
T
yp
e
o
f
bu
i
ld
i
ngma
t
erials
Thebuilding
m
ate
r
ial
s
an
d
t
hein
t
eg
r
it
y
of thebuildinga
rc
hitectu
re
c
an
co
n
tr
ibuteto thequalityo
f
in
doo
r
ai
r
.
A
dd
iti
ona
l car
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
eexercis
ed
i
n
s
e
l
e
cting
bu
il
d
in
g
m
a
t
e
ri
a
ls (s
e
e
A
n
n
ex
D
)
.
4
.
3
.
4
.
3Bui
l
ding
h
y
g
ien
e
a
ctivities
A
h
ig
h
d
eg
r
e
eo
f
cl
ean
li
n
ess
s
houl
d
a
l
wa
ys
b
e
maint
a
i
n
ed i
n
ab
u
il
d
i
n
gsincep
oo
rlyclean
e
d
f
u
r
n
i
s
h
i
n
g
sc
an
h
a
ve
an
ad
v
e
rseef
fe
ct
on
IAQ.R
e
m
o
v
a
l
o
fc
o
nt
a
m i
n
an
t
st
h
r
o
u
g
h
r
e
gu
l
a
ra
n
d
j
ud
i
c
i
ou
s
c
le
an
inga
ct
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
can
h
ave
a
p
o
s
i
t
i
veef
f
ec
t
o
n
t
he IA
Q
.
14
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15/50
SS
554
:2009
4
.
3
.
4
.
4
A
i
r
t
ight
nes
sa
nd
pres
su
re
d
iffe
re
n
ti
al
s
T
h
eb
u
il
d
in
g
e
n
ve
l
o
p
e
d
esi
g
ns
ho
uld
mi
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