Eastern Region of India West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar and Jharkhand 107 districts22% to the total population 2.5% to the TGA of India1455 Blocks21,818 panchayats
Jharkhand Orissa West Bengal
Bihar
Geographic area (in sq km)
79,714 1,55,707 88,752 94163
Populations 2,69,09,428 36,804,660 80176197 82878796
Population Density 338 per/sq Km 236 per/sq km 903/sq km 880/sq km
ST 28% 22% 5.4% 16%
SC 12% 16.5% 23% 1%
Rainfall >900mm >1000mm >1000mm >1000mm
BPL% 54% 47.15% 27.02% 42.6%
Land useCategories/ states West Bengal Orissa Bihar including
Jharkhand
Total geographical area (in 000 hectares)
8875 15571 17388
Reporting area for land cultivation 8696 15571 17330
Forests 1195 5606 2949
Not available for cultivation 1659 1456 3390
Permanent pasture and grazing land 8 534 107
Land under misc. trees crops and groves
80 774 337
Culturable wasteland 50 445 353
Fallow land other then current fallow 29 336 962
Current fallows 212 452 1895
Net sown area 5463 5968 7337
Agro ecological regionsRainfall (mm) Potential
Evapo- transpiration
Length of Growing period (in days)
Other features
South Bihar Plain-Hot, Dry Sub humid
1000-1200 1300-1500 150-180 •Salinity •Alkaline ground water
Chottanagpur plateau and Garhjat hills-Hot, dry ,moist & sub-humid
1200-1500 1400-1600 180-210 •Low productivity•Deficiency of micro-nutrients•Phosphorus fixation•Low productivity•Severe erosion•Un-bunded uplands•Soil gravelliness
Eastern ghats, hot moist-sub humid
1200-1600 1400-1700 180-210 •Severe erosion hazard•P fixation•Deficiency of micro nutrients
AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE VII- EASTERN PLATEAU & HILLS REGION
• Development of suitable crop, livestock mixed farming system technology.• Integrated watershed management involving water harvesting , pond, recycling for production of crops for drylands in the zone.
• Developing of suitable technology for increasing production of dryland fruits.• Development of suitable agroforestry and farming system based on livestock and crops specially for small and marginal farmers of the region
AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE IV- MIDDLE-GANGETIC PLAIN REGION
• Developing suitable farming systems for heavy soils• Development of suitable cultivation technology for paddy–wheat- maize system.• Specific research efforts on magnesium action dominated soil salinity problems of the region
Jharkhand- OverviewLowest on Social Development Index (0.01 – 0.3) Lowest on infrastructure development index (0.01- 0.1). Per capita net production of cereals for India is 523
gms/day. Whereas in Jharkhand the per capita production is 230 gms/day which is lower than 318.40 gms/day which is the per capital availability in Bihar
The productivity of the crops in Jharkhand is below the national average with respect to cereals and oilseeds. The current level of productivity is very low and is about
0.98 tones per Ha with the lowest productivity in the agro climatic zone five (0.72 tones/Ha)
The average yield of paddy and wheat, the two major crops of kharif and Rabi seasons varies between 9-12 q/ha compared to national average of 23.3 q for paddy and 18.7 q/ha
Livelihood basketPrivate land
Food security from agriculture (partial mostly)Income from Mahua, Lac, Karanj, char and mango etc
Income from ForestNTFP and sale of firewoodTubers and roots for food
Income/support from Common Property ResourceIncome from livestockWage Labour
LocalMigration
Weak links in the livelihood basketLow agricultural productivityPractice of subsistence agriculture under
adverse and risky conditions Poor soil and water resource conditionLack of access to inputs Poorly/ non managed CPRLeading toHigh incidence of wasteland and severe
rural poverty
Problem TreeFOOD
SECURITY
Livelihood
Agriculture ForestService / Business
LivestockWage
Labour
Govt. Entitlements
AGRICULTURE
MONOCROPPING TOPOGRAPHYINSUFFCIENT
AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION
DEFAULT CROP MANAGEMENT
PRACTICEEROSION
POOR SOIL CONDITION
SMALL LAND HOLDING
UNBUNDED UPLANDS
INSUUFFCIENT NUTRIENT
APPLICATION
INSUFFICIENT ORGANIC MANURE
REDUCING NUMBER OF
CATTLE POPULATION
CREDIT AVAILABILITY
FAMILY SIZE
UNAWARE ABOUT BEST
AGRICULTURE PRACTICE
UNAWARE ABOUT THE ALTERNATIVES
FOR MANURING
SHIFT FROM DRYLAND CROPS
TOWARDS WATER
INTENSIVE CROPS
DYFUNCT PDS SYSTEM
RAINFED AGRICULTURE
ERRATIC RAINFALL
LESS WATER HARVESTING STRUCTURES
AND MANAGEMENT
RECURRING DROUGHT
FOREST
LESS AVAILABILITY
FUELWOOD
LESS AVAILABILITY
NTFP
LESS AVAILABILITY
FODDER
LESS AVAILABILITY
FOOD
DEPENDENTS INCREASED
FOREST FIRELOSS OF
DIVERSITY
DECREASE IN FOREST COVER
NO CONSERVATION/
PLANTATION PLAN
POOR IMPLEMENTATION OF FRA
LIVESTOCK
SMALL RUMINANT BIG RUMINANT
INSUFFCIENT CARE
INCIDENCE OF EPIDEMICS
HIGH MORTALITY RATE
INSUFFICIENT AVAILABILITY OF FEED
AND FODDER
FOREST DEPLETION
LOW PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY
DECREASING COMMON LAND
Topography and Cropping system
System deg. Upl Upl tanr Upl badi Mid- upl Mediumland
Low land
Soil Rocky,loamy sand
SL with gravel
SL, Sclay Loam
SL Sclay loam
Clay loam
Soil depth
shallow shallow Shallow - oderate
moderate moderate deep
Avaiable soil moisture
150-175 mm
200-225 mm
200-225 mm
225-250 mm
250-275 mm
300-375 mm
Fertility low low medium low Low to medium
Med. To high
Cropping system
Deg. Forest, not cultivated
Fallow
Gora, minor millets
Double,rice,maize,potato,vegetable
Mono, rice- medium duration
Mono- rice- long duration
Mono-rice-long duration
Problems Erosion, drought
Erosion, water scarcity
Small plot, lack of IP&NM
Lack of water
Lack of water
Poor drainage
APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES Staggered trench Upland treatment (30’ x 40’ Model)Medium land treatment (5% Model)Home stead land (Hapa)Small Dug well Tank renovation/excavation Micro lift irrigation
Staggered Trench after treatment
Checked Soil Erosion & Run off Water
Improve Moisture and Soil Fertility
Converted into Productivity Land
Checked Soil Erosion
Increased Moisture in the Upland Area
Increasing Fertility In The Land
Converted Into Agricultural LandChecked The Run off Water
Assure Mixed Cropping
Assured Paddy Cultivation
Transplanting Paddy in Proper Time Irrigation In Dry Spell
Pisciculture in the Pit Increased Ground Water
Assured Second Crop Cultivation
Checked Run Off Water Increase in Production
Drought Coping Mechanisms
Crop diversificationVarietal diversificationStorage of food and seedsLivelihood diversification
Country State District Name Geographical location and
coverage
Total no of population and HH of
target villages
No of HH covered
Selection criteria –why was the area selected
INDIA
BIHAR Gaya / Nawada South Bihar, Magadh Region
2700 300 DPAP district, Dalit & Maha dalit concentration, Dryland
agriculture prospect
WEST BENGAL Purulia Western region of West Bengal
3750 750 DPAP district, Dalit & Maha dalit concentration, Dryland
agriculture prospect
JHARKHAND
Ranchi South Chotanagpur
2700 300 Moderately Secure
Hazaribag North Chotanagpur
3750 750 Moderately Secure
Ramgarh North Chotanagpur
1200 300 Moderately Secure
West Singhbhum 1800 300 Very InsecureKhunti South
Chotanagpur1800 300 Moderately Secure
Gumla South Chotanagpur
1250 250 Very Insecure
Lohardaga South Chotanagpur
1250 250 Insecure
Giridih Santhal Pargana 2500 500 InsecureSahebganj Santhal Pargana 2500 500 Extremely Insecure
TOTAL 25200 4500
Secure Moderately Secure
Insecure Very Insecure
Extremely Insecure
Bokaro Ranchi Godda Chatra Sahibganj
Dhanbad Deoghar Lohardaga Palamu Garhwa
East Singhbhum
Hazaribag Pakur West Singhbhum
Ramgarh Koderma Gumla
Khunti Dumka
Giridih
FOOD SECURITY OUTCOME (FSO) STATUSBased on Food security atlas of Rural Jharkhand by UNFP & IHD
Result 1: Farm level action
Need to further break it according to land typeUpland- Mostly acidic(jharkhand), field bunding, bringing
more area under dryland crops millets, pulses, oilseeds and maize
Mixed cropping Increase in biomass cultivation on denuded uplandsGreen manuring crops on uplands and field bundsNitrogen fixing cropsMediumlandNeed to promote medium duration cropSystem of rice intensificationNitrogen fixing crops on residual moistureLowland
Action for promoting Food securityNeed to propagate multiple compost systemsNutritional garden in the BADI uplandVegetable cultivation through micro irrigation Documentation of present diversity and practices Group farmingGrain bank and seed bankPromotion of Poultry and small ruminantsAction Research to be undertaken to screen potential
local varieties( as per tillering potential, drought resistance, pest resistance and productivity)
Action research for introducing some principles of intensification in pulses and millets
Actions for Food security…Green manuring and fodder shrubs and trees on field bunds IPM and INM practices module for different crop type needs
to be developed( use of self cultivated and forest produce, mahua cake, neem cake, karanj cake, kusum cake, mustard cake for nutrient management)
Mulching and minimum tillage practices will be used to make maximum use of residual moisture after kharif crop
Soil testing needs to be done for better nutrient managementAction research on a contiguous patch of 25-30 acres in each
agro-climatic sub-zone.Crops for upland- Pulses, maize, millets( finger millet, kodo,
kutki, gondliProductivity low- 0.3 to 0.6 t/ha oilseeds; 0.4 t/ha to 0.6 t/ha
(millets); 0.5 to 1 t/ha pulses higher for maize 1.3t/ha Lac cultivation
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