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SIMPLE PENDULUM
REPORTED BY:
SHERMILA B. PAGUIOII-22 BSE PHYSICS
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OBJECTIVES
To learn and to understand moreabout the Simple Pendulum
To determine its parts
To know the history of Simple
Pendulum
To get some facts and trivias aboutSimple Pendulum
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INTRODUCTION
In this presentation we will learn togetherone of the different kind of pendulum that exist
and this is the Simple Pendulum that would be
discussed to us from the beginning up to the
end.
This presentation also aims to help the
students to learn in a manner that they would
enjoy what they are learning as well.
BAC
K
NEXT
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CONTENT
History of Pendulum
What is Pendulum
What are the parts of Pendulum
Formulas within the Pendulum
Trivia and FactsReference
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HISTORY OF PENDULUM
From its discovery around 1602by Galileo Galilei the regular motion
of pendulums was used for
timekeeping, and was the world'smost accurate timekeeping
technology until the 1930s.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galileihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galileihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galileihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei7/28/2019 Simple Pendulum(Int.)
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GALILEO GALILEI
Born 15 February 1564
Pisa, Duchy ofFlorence, Italy
Died 8 January1642 (aged 77)
Arcetri,Grand Duchy ofTuscany, Italy
Fields Astronomy, physics
and mathematics
Known for
KinematicsDynamics
Telescopic
observational
astronomyHeliocentrism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Florencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Florencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Florencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Florencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcetrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_dynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopic_observational_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopic_observational_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopic_observational_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopic_observational_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentrismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentrismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentrismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopic_observational_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopic_observational_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopic_observational_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_dynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcetrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Florencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Florencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisa7/28/2019 Simple Pendulum(Int.)
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GALILEO GALILEIS RESEARCH
Italian scientist Galileo Galilei wasthe first to study the properties of
pendulums, beginning around
1602.His first existent report of hisresearch is contained in a letter to
Guido Ubaldo dal Monte, from
Padua, dated November 29,1602.
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His biographer and student, Vincenzo
Viviani, claimed his interest had been
sparked around 1582 by the swingingmotion of a chandelier in the Pisa
cathedral. Galileo discovered the
crucial property that makes pendulumsuseful as timekeepers, called
isochronism; the period of the
pendulum is approximatelyindependent of the amplitude or width
of the swing
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He also found that the period is
independent of the mass of the bob,
and proportional to the square root of
the length of the pendulum. He first
employed free swinging pendulums in
simple timing applications. A
physician friend invented a device
which measured a patient's pulse by
the length of a pendulum;
the pulsilogium.
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In 1641 Galileo conceived and
dictated to his son Vincenzo adesign for a pendulum
clock; Vincenzo began
construction, but had notcompleted it when he died in
1649.he pendulum was the
first harmonic oscillator used by
man.
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Pendulums are used to regulatependulum clocks, and are used in
scientific instruments such as
accelerometers and seismometers.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clock7/28/2019 Simple Pendulum(Int.)
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Historically they were used as
gravimeters to measure
the acceleration of gravity in
geophysical surveys, and even as a
standard of length. The word'pendulum' is new Latin, from the
Latin pendulus, meaning 'hanging'.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravimeterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleration_of_gravityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleration_of_gravityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravimeter7/28/2019 Simple Pendulum(Int.)
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THE PENDULUM CLOCK
In 1656 the Dutch scientist ChristiaanHuygensbuilt the first pendulum clock.This was a great improvement over
existing mechanical clocks; their bestaccuracy was increased from around 15
minutes deviation a day to around 15
seconds a day. Pendulums spread overEurope as existing clocks
were retrofitted with them.
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CHRISTIAAN HUYGEN
Born April 14, 1629
The Hague, Dutch RepublicDied July 8, 1695 (aged 66)
The Hague, Dutch Republic
Known for Titan
Explanation Saturn's ringsCentrifugal force
Collision formulae
Pendulum clock
HuygensFresnel principle
Wave theoryBirefringence
Evolvent
huygenian eyepiece
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Haguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Haguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens%E2%80%93Fresnel_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens%E2%80%93Fresnel_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolventhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyepiecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyepiecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyepiecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyepiecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyepiecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolventhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens%E2%80%93Fresnel_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens%E2%80%93Fresnel_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens%E2%80%93Fresnel_principlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn's_ringshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(moon)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Haguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague7/28/2019 Simple Pendulum(Int.)
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The English scientist studiedthe conical pendulum around 1666,
consisting of a pendulum that is free to swing
in two dimensions, with the bob rotating in acircle or ellipse. He used the motions of this
device as a model to analyze the orbital
motions of the planets.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conical_pendulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_motionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_motionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_motionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_motionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conical_pendulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hooke7/28/2019 Simple Pendulum(Int.)
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Hooke suggested to Isaac Newton in
1679 that the components of orbital
motion consisted of inertial motion along a
tangent direction plus an attractive motion
in the radial direction. This played a part in
Newton's formulation of the law of
universal gravitation. Robert Hooke was
also responsible for suggesting as early
as 1666 that the pendulum could be used
to measure the force of gravity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_universal_gravitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_universal_gravitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_universal_gravitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_universal_gravitationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton7/28/2019 Simple Pendulum(Int.)
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TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED PENDULUMSDuring the 18th and 19th century,
the pendulum clock's role as the mostaccurate timekeeper motivated much
practical research into improving
pendulums. It was found that a majorsource of error was that the pendulum rod
expanded and contracted with changes in
ambient temperature, changing the period
of swing.
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This was solved with the invention of
temperature compensated
pendulums, the mercury pendulum in
1721and the gridiron pendulum in
1726, reducing errors in precision
pendulum clocks to a few seconds
per week.
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The accuracy of gravity measurements
made with pendulums was limited by the
difficulty of finding the location oftheir center of oscillation. Huygens had
discovered in 1673 that a pendulum has
the same period when hung from itscenter of oscillation as when hung from its
pivot, and the distance between the two
points was equal to the length of a simplegravity pendulum of the same period..
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In 1818 British Captain Henry
Kater invented the reversible Kater's
pendulum which used this principle,making possible very accurate
measurements of gravity. For the next
century the reversible pendulum wasthe standard method of measuring
absolute gravitational acceleration
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1851: FOUCAULT PENDULUMIn 1851, Jean Bernard LonFoucault showed that the plane of
oscillation of a pendulum, like a gyroscope,
tends to stay constant regardless of themotion of the pivot, and that this could be
used to demonstrate the rotation of the
Earth. He suspended a pendulum free toswing in two dimensions (later named
the Foucault pendulum) from the dome of
the Panthon in Paris. The length of the
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JEAN BERNARD LON FOUCAULTJean Bernard Lon Foucault(18 September 1819 11
February 1868) was
a Frenchphysicist best known
for the invention of theFoucaultpendulum, a device
demonstrating the effect of the
Earth's rotation. He also made
an early measurement ofthe speed of light,
discovered eddy currents, and
although he did not invent it, is
credited with naming
O th d l t i ti th
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault_pendulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault_pendulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyroscopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault_pendulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault_pendulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault_pendulumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France7/28/2019 Simple Pendulum(Int.)
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Once the pendulum was set in motion, the
plane of swing was observed
to precess or rotate 360 clockwise inabout 32 hours.This was the first
demonstration of the Earth's rotation that
didn't depend on celestialobservations, and a "pendulum mania"
broke out, as Foucault pendulums were
displayed in many cities and attractedlarge crowds.
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PENDULUMIs an idealized model consisting of a
point mass suspended by massless,
unstretchable string. is a weight
suspended from a pivot so that it can
swing freely.
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PARTS OF PENDULUM1. String
2. Bobs or Marble
3. Stand or Flatform
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STRINGis a flexible piece
of rope or twine which is used to tie,
bind, or hang other objects. It is up to
you how long the string would be.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rope7/28/2019 Simple Pendulum(Int.)
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BOBS OR MARBLEIs a non-foliated metamorphic
rock composed of recrystallized
carbonate minerals, most
commonly calcite or dolomite.
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PENDULUM STANDSupports the string and the bob of the
pendulum. It is where the string rest or
hang.
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FORMULAS
Frequency
Period
Pendulums Formula
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FREQUENCY (F)
Is the number of occurrences of a
repeating event per unit time.
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PERIOD (T)
Is the duration of one cycle in a
repeating event, so the period is
the reciprocal of the frequency.
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PENDULUMS FORMULA ()
t = Ia ,t = F = - mg sinq , I= m 2;- mg sinq = m 2 d2q
dt
2,
d2qdt
2+gq = 0 w 2 = g.
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TRIVIA AND FACT
As long as thecord can be
considered
massless and the
amplitude is small,
the period doesnot depend on the
mass.
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REFERENCES
www. Google. com
www. Wikipedia.com
University Physics
Science in a series of new world
Webster dictionary
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