Reconstruction
Chapter 16
VocabReconstruction
The period from 1865-1877 during which the states that were part of the Confederacy were controlled buy the federal government before being readmitted into the Union.
There were several plans for Reconstruction after the war.
VocabJim Crow Laws
Laws passed by southern states that separated blacks and whites in schools, restaurants, theaters, trains, streetcars, playgrounds, hospitals, and even cemeteries.
Jim Crow laws made segregation legal in the south.
VocabSegregation
Legal separation of racesSegregation would last for 100 years in the
South.
VocabSharecropping
A system of farming in which a farmer rents a portion of land from a plantation owner and in return gives them a significant portion of their crops.
Sharecropping kept southern African Americans in a constant cycle of debt.
Question #1How did plans to unify the nation differ after
the war?
Reconstruction Plans3 Plans
Ten Percent Plan 1863Wade Davis Bill 1864Radical Republicans 1867
Ten Percent PlanCreated by Lincoln10% of the population would have to swear
loyalty to the UnionEach state would have to abolish slavery in
their new State ConstitutionsAfter this they could elect members to
Congress & take part in the National Government
Wade-Davis BillSupported by President Andrew JohnsonRequired a majority of White Southern
Men to swear loyalty to the Union in each state
Denied the right to vote or hold office to anyone who volunteered to fight for the Confederacy
Question 2What were the results of Radical
Reconstruction?
Radical ReconstructionSupported by the Radical RepublicansThrew out the Southern State
Governments that refused to ratify the 14th amendment ( all former confederate states except Tennessee)
Divided the South into 5 military districtsEach district was commanded by the
army general
Radical Reconstruction Con’tFormer Confederate states had to write
new state constitutionsEach state had to ratify the 14th
Amendment to rejoin the UnionAfrican Americans must have the right to
vote in each state to re enter the Union
Question #3In what ways did government change in the
south during Reconstruction?
Civil Rights Amendments3 Amendments added to the U.S.
Constitution13th Amendment was Ratified in 186514th Amendment was Ratified in 186815th Amendment was Ratified in 1870
13th AmendmentBanned Slavery in every U.S. State
14th AmendmentGranted citizenship to all persons born in the
United StatesThis included nearly all African AmericansGranted all citizens “equal protection of the law”
and declared that no state could “deprive any person of Life, Liberty and property without Due Process of Law”
This provision made it illegal for states to discriminate against an individual on unreasonable grounds such as the color of a person’s skin
15th AmendmentForbade any state from denying African
Americans the right to vote because of race
Forces in Southern PoliticsScalawags
White southern RepublicansThey were considered traitors because
they supported the republican partyThey wanted to forget the war and start
rebuilding the south
Forces in Southern Politics Con’tCarpet Baggers
Northerners who moved south3 types of carpet baggers
1. in search of a fortune in the rebuilding of the South
2. Union soldiers who had fallen in love with the South during the war
3. Reformers who wanted to help the Freedman
Separate but Not Equal2 ways African Americans were discriminated
against in the SouthVoting RestrictionsJim Crow
Plessy Vs. Ferguson was a landmark Supreme Court Case
Question #4How did the South change politically,
economically ,and socially, when reconstruction ended?
Voting RestrictionsPoll Taxes- required voters to pay a fee for
each time they votedPoor freedman could rarely afford to vote
Literacy Tests- required voters to read and explain a difficult part of the U.S. ConstitutionSince Freedman had little education, such
tests kept them away from the polls
Voting Restrictions Con’tGrandfather Clauses- If a voters father or
grandfather had been eligible to vote On January 1,1867 he, the voter, did not have to take a literacy test.Since no African Americans had the right to
vote before 1868, this was a way to ensure that only white men could vote
This helped poor white farmers who could not pay the poll tax or pass the literacy test
Jim Crow LawsSegregation- Became the law of the
SouthSeparating people of different races
Jim Crow Laws- Southern States passed laws that separated blacks and whites in schools, restaurants, theaters, trains, streetcars, playgrounds, hospitals, and even cemeteries
Plessy Vs FergusonIn 1896, the Supreme Court upheld
Segregation.Legal for facilities to be separate as
long as they were equal for whites and blacks
Facilities were rarely equalWould not be reversed until the Linda
Brown vs. The School Board of Topeka Kansas Case.
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