April 12-13, 1861 Charleston, South Carolina Confederacy wins.
REVIEW GAME: Civil War & Reconstruction...--Seven of the nation’s eight military colleges were in...
Transcript of REVIEW GAME: Civil War & Reconstruction...--Seven of the nation’s eight military colleges were in...
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REVIEW GAME:
Civil War & Reconstruction
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In the years before the 1860 Presidential election, what was Abraham Lincoln’s position in regards to the slavery issue?
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He wanted to stop the EXPANSION of slavery.
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What event led to the secession of South Carolina in 1860?
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The election of Abraham Lincoln.
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What was President James Buchanan’s reaction when South Carolina seceded from the Union?
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He did NOTHING.
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Who was elected president of the Confederate States?
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Jefferson Davis.
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Where were the first shots fired of the Civil War?
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Ft. Sumter.
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How did geography contribute to the Union’s difficulty in defending Ft. Sumter?
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The Fort was on an island in the middle of Confederate territory.
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Who was given command of all Union forces after 1864?
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Ulysses S. Grant
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What was the one Union advantage that Grant was the first to recognize and use to win battles?
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The Union’s vast superiority in numbers.
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What essential constitutional protection was suspended by Lincoln at two points during the war?
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Habeas Corpus.
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What is Habeas Corpus?
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The right to appear before a judge after being arrested.
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Who was given command of the Confederate Army at the outset of the war?
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Robert E. Lee.
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Which Confederate general—admired for his tremendous skill—was killed by friendly fire at the Battle of Chancellorsville?
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Stonewall Jackson.
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Which Union General ordered the evacuation and burning of Atlanta?
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William T. Sherman.
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List THREE strengths of the Union side in the Civil War:
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--Had double the amount of railroad track.--Had twice as many factories (guns, shoes, etc.)--Had an economy balanced between farming and industry.--Had a functioning government.--Had an established army and navy.--Had 2/3 of the US’ population.
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Identify THREE strengths of the Confederate side in the Civil War:
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--Seven of the nation’s eight military colleges were in the South (most officers join the Confederacy).
--The South did not need to invade, just defend.
--The South was defending its home, way of life, honor, etc.
--Southerners were better outdoorsmen, hunters, horsemen.
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Discuss the Confederate war strategy:
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--To play defense
--To wage of war of attrition
--To solicit the assistance of Great Britain.
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The Union’s strategy for victory was called the Anaconda Plan. What was that?
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To BLOCKADE the Atlantic Coast; take control of the Mississippi River & to choke off the Confederate economy.
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Identify the FIRST battle of the Civil War:
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The First Battle of Bull Run.
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Which Confederate General was primarily responsible for the Southern victory at the First Battle of Bull Run?
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Stonewall Jackson.
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When Robert E. Lee launched an invasion of Maryland prior to the Battle of Antietam, what was his SECONDARY objective?
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To convince the British enter the war on the Confederates’ side.
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What were the political implications of the Emancipation Proclamation?
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It REDEFINED the war as a struggle to END slavery.
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Through most of 1864, what were the Confederates PRAYING would occur?
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The defeat of Lincoln in the 1864 presidential election.
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What was the TURNING POINT battle of the Civil War?
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The Battle of Gettysburg.
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Explain the significance of the Gettysburg Address:
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It was seen to offer a new definition of the United States as a place where freedom and equality are the rights of all Americans.
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Which battle involved a months-long siege and ended with the Union taking control of the Mississippi River?
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The Battle of Vicksburg
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When Ulysses S. Grant was elevated to Commander of all Union forces, he came to be hated by a large number of his men. Why?
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He was willing to sacrifice HUGE numbers of soldiers in order to defeat the Confederacy.
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Which Union General lost the battle of Kennesaw Mountain, eventually captured Atlanta and ordered it burned to the ground?
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William T. Sherman.
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Describe Sherman’s “march to the sea” from Atlanta to Savannah.
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He looted, burned, pillaged and destroyed everything in his path.
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What was accomplished by the ratification of the 13th
Amendment to the Constitution?
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Slavery was OUTLAWED in the United States.
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In which city did Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrender to Union General Ulysses S. Grant?
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Appomattox Courthouse.
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Describe the terms of peace offered by Grant to Lee:
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Confederate soldiers could keep their horses & rifles & could go home as long as they remained law abiding citizens.
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Who shot Abraham Lincoln in Ford’s Theater?
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John Wilkes Booth.
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Describe the PHYSICAL condition of the Southern states after the Civil War:
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Railroads, houses, factories, farms, bridges–destroyed.
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What factor led to the mass migration of poor whites out of the South after the Civil War?
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They could not compete w/ freed slaves for jobs.
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Compare & Contrast the Lincoln & Johnson plans for reconstruction:
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Lincoln called for LENIENCY and FORGIVENESS for the South; States could REENTER the Union after 10% of their population took a loyalty oath.
Johnson’s plan was EVEN MORE generous—states could reenter WITHOUT taking the loyalty oath.
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Which constitutional amendment extended voting rights to former slaves?
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The 15th Amendment.
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What was the role of the Freedman’s Bureau?
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To provide food, shelter, clothing & education to former slaves.
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What was the goal of the so-called “Black Codes”?
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To keep former slaves as close to the condition of slavery as possible.
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What were some components of the Black Codes?
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Curfews, vagrancy laws, work requirements.
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What was the view of the so-called “Radical Republicans”?
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That African Americans should be provided with the EQUAL rights; that the South should be punished.
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Why did the Radical Republicans try to impeach President Johnson?
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They felt that he was doing nothing to protect the southern black population.
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How did the governments of the Southern states change after the passage of the Reconstruction Act of 1867?
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The South came under MILITARY rule.
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What was guaranteed by the 14th Amendment to the Constitution?
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Equal protection under the law for ALL Americans.
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What was guaranteed by the 15th Amendment?
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Voting rights for ALL males over the age of 21.
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Which “social organization” used terror and violence to intimidate potential Republican voters?
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The KKK.
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Which event marked the OFFICIAL END to Reconstruction?
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The Compromise of 1877.