Evangelos Kotsakis, Alexandre
Lucas, Nikoleta Andreadou,
Gianluca Fulli, Marcelo Masera
Energy Security, Distribution and Markets
EC - JRC, Energy Transport and Climate
Vienna ERIGRID-IRED, 16 October 2018
Recent research conducted at
the SGILab towards an
efficient and interoperable
smart grid
art Gr
Smart Grid Interoperability Lab
2
Joint Research Centre (JRC)
JRC established in 1957• 7 institutes in 5 countries:
IT, BE, DE, NL, ES
• 2,845 permanent and temporary staff in 2011
• Over 1400 scientific publications per year
• 125 instances of support to EU policy-maker annually
• Budget:€356 million Euro annually, plus €62 million earn income million earn income
Smart Grid
TRANSPORT
Deploy
Clean
EnergyIncrease Energy
Efficiency
Deploy
Alternative
Fuels
Electrification
of
Transport
Increase
Vehicle
Efficiency
Modernise
the Grid
Techno-economic Modelling & Analysis
Experimental Activities
Interoperability
OUR PRIORITIESENERGY SUPPLY ENERGY DEMAND
429 October 2018
Smart Grid Interoperability Lab
529 October 2018
LAB SCADA
629 October 2018
PHIL experiments
729 October 2018
Device under test
Profiling
JRC Interoperability Testing Methodology V2X HEV-TCP
Use Case elaboration
BAPcreation
BAIOPcreation
Testing AnalysisBAP BAIOP
Use Case
Test Resul
t
AnalysisResult
Design of experimen
t
Exp. data
JRC Smart Grid Interoperability Lab Repository
Stakeholders
OtherUCs
OtherBAPs
OtherBAIOP
IOP Tool
TestBed
EUT
Input
Output
Data storage
Activity
9Source :
Alexandre Lucas, Germana Trentadue, Marcos Otura, Harald Scholz. Fast charging power quality performance under extreme temperature conditions. Sust. Enr. Gri. and Net. 2017 pp.17.
(submitted)
• In this study seven different fast chargers were analysed while charging a full battery EV under four temperature levels (-25
°C, - 15 °C, +20 °C and +40 °C). The current total harmonic distortion, power factor and standby power were registered.
Figure 1 – Fast charging experiment implementation in the
climatic chamber set up
Table 1 – Current total harmonic distortion at nominal current per charger in different temperatures
Standby
Power
(VA)
A B C D E F G
+40 °C 210 890 689 270 300 1650 1200
+20 °C 240 960 720 250 280 840 1123
-15 °C 210 900 700 290 400 840 1800
-25 °C 210 930 660 1500 225 780 1224
Table 2– Standby apparent power at nominal current per charger in different temperatures
SGILAB - EV Interoperability studies
• Results show that the current total harmonic distortion THDI tends to increase with
lower temperatures.
• The standby consumption shows no trend, with results ranging from 210 VA to 1800
VA.
• Four out of seven chargers lost interoperability at -25 °C. Such non-linear loads,
present high current harmonic distortion as well as high reactive power, hence low
power factor.
• The temperature at which the vehicle’s battery charged is crucial to the current it
can take in, hence influencing the charger’s performance.
Figure 2 – Current total harmonic distortion variation with temperature (phase 1)
Figure 3 – AC charging current (RMS) variation with temperature (phase 1)
Table 3 – Fast chargers power factor module per phase during charging
Figure 4 – Fast charger’s power factor per phase during
charging at ambient temperature 10
SGILAB - EV Interoperability studies
1129 October 2018
Charger Operation Standards/ConnectorsDimensions and
performance
A
Voltage: 400 Vac; Nominal
current (I) : 300 ARMS @ 120
kWDC + 65 kWAC charge
Mode 3 and 4 IEC 61851-1:2010 NF; IEC 62196-
3:2012; IEC 62196-2 Mode 3, Type 2; DIN 70121;
IEC 61851-1/22/23/24 EV com. - Chademo : BUS
CAN compatible- Combo 2 : CPL compatible -
AC:Mode 3, JEVSG105; IEC 61851-21-2; EN
61000-6-1/-2/-4
PF: 0,99; Efficiency rate of 96
%; Temperatures: - 25 to +45
°C; Weight : 400kg; Noise:
60dB
B
Voltage: 400 Vac; 73 A, 50 kVA; ;
DC power up to 50 kW; AC power
up to 43 kVA; Max DC Output 50
kW; Max DC current 120 A
JEVS G104 (Chademo) IEC61851-23 PLC (CCS /
Combo-2) IEC61851-1 (AC) JEVS G105 (Chademo)
Combo T2 (CCS / Combo-2) IEC62196 Type-2
OCPP (1.2; 1.5) and others
PF: 0,98; Efficiency > 93%;
Temp.:-25 ºC to +50 ºC;
Weight: 600 kg; Noise <55dB
C
Voltage: 400V AC / 200-500V DC;
Power: from 20 to 43kW AC /
from 20 to 44kW DC; Output
current: 0-63A AC / 0-125A DC
ZE Ready –1.2 Version; ZER-13-12033-DBT;
Chademo 0.9 certified; Chademo 1.0 Compatible;
NFC 15-100; CEM 2004/108/CE; IEC 61309-9; 1
Chademo connector + 1 Type 2
PF: Not available (N/A);
Efficiency: N/A; Temp.:-30 to
+40°C; 350kg; Noise <55dB
D
Voltage: 400 VAC; Nominal input
current 80 A; 32 A – 80 A;
Nominal input power 55 kVA; 22
kVA – 55 kVA; Max power 50 kW;
Max current 120 A
JEVS G105
Chademo compliant
RFID system 13.56 MHz, ISO 14443A Network
connection GSM / UMTS modem 10/100 Base-T
Ethernet
PF:N/A; Efficiency > 92%;
Temp.: -30ºC to +40ºC;
Weight: 400kg; Noise < 45
dBA; Standby Power: 100 W
(w/o heater), 1000 W
E
Voltage: 400V AC; 143 A; Max
current ac 63 A; Max power ac 43
kW; Freq: 50 / 60 Hz; Max DC
output power 50 kW; Max 120 A
DC
Mode 3/4 (IEC-61851-1/23/24) Combo-2 (DIN
70121) JEVS G105 (IEC-92196-3) Type 2
(IEC6296) tethered Cable CE / Combo-2 (DIN
70121) EN61851-23 Chademo rev.0.9 certified
PF: > 0,96; Efficiency: 95 %;
Temp.: -30 to + 45°C at
nominal output Power Weight:
445 kg Noise: <55dB
F
Voltage: 400 V AC Max. input
current: 87 A; 50kW; Max. output
current Mode 4: 500 V DC; 120
A;
4 Outlets; Connexion type mode 4 Chademo /
CCS; Mode2/3; GPRS or Ethernet / OCPP V1.6; EV
Ready: CEI 60439 / 61851; Chademo: UTE C 15-
722 / C 17-222; NF C 15-100: ISO 15118
PF: N/A; Efficiency: 95%;
Temp.:-30°C to +45°C;
Forced Air. Weight: 350 kg;
Noise: <55dB; Standby Power:
700W (with heater)
Smart Meter platform
1229 October 2018
A DSM Test Case Applied on an End-to-End System, from Consumer to Energy Provider
➢ Exchange of information - steps:
➢Smart meters data are sent to
data concentrator – 3 residential
profiles have been replicated
➢Data forwarded to Actor B -
controls the metering channel
➢Data consumption profiles are
extracted and forwarded to Actor
A - controlls the energy channel
➢Aggregation of the 3 profiles takes place
➢Interaction between Actor A and consumers – invitation to participate in
the DSM program
➢IF positive feedback, Actor A takes control of specific devices within the
house during peak hours
➢New profile(s) is extracted
Load Profile
1429 October 2018
Results
Comparison between: after and before the DSM program for the timeframe from 16:00 to 22:00
➢ Conclusions:
➢The profiles have been
measured – aggregated profile
created
➢The peak hour is determined to
be between 18:00-20:00
➢All consumers take part in the
DSM program
➢The peaks in the overall
consumption curve are smaller
with the DSM program than
without (yellow part in the
diagrams)
1629 October 2018
DSO data indicators
13 Referencenetwork
AnalysisExternaldata
Reference Network construction
3 largescale
10 feeder Type
1729 October 2018
ID DSOs Indicators
1 Number of LV consumers per MV consumers
2 LV circuit length per LV consumer
3 LV underground ratio
4 Number of LV consumer per MV/LV substation
5 MV/LV substation capacity per LV consumer
6 MV circuit length per MV supply point
7 MV underground ratio
8 Number of MV supply points per HV/MV substation
9Typical transformation capacity of MV/LV secondary
substations in urban areas
10Typical transformation capacity of MV/LV secondary
substations in rural areas
1829 October 2018
REPRESENTATIVE
NETWORK ID #
TYPE OF AREAVOLTAG
E LEVELS
DEGREE OF AUTOMATI
ON
1 Urban LV & MV Low2 Semi-urban LV & MV Low3 Rural LV & MV Low
4Urban - Two substations
interconnectedMV Low
5Urban - Two substations
interconnectedMV High
6Urban - One substation and one
switching stationMV Low
7Urban - One substation and one
switching stationMV High
8 Semi-urban - Substation ring MV Low9 Semi-urban - Substation ring MV High
10 Rural MV Low11 Rural MV High12 Urban LV Low13 Semi-urban LV Low
1929 October 2018
Study on Urban and Semi Urban – European Ref. Networks
Semi Urban typology
Urban typology
20
% Voltage unbalance = 100 x (maximum deviation from average voltage)
2129 October 2018
(average voltage)
At 20kV level the voltage unbalance is negligible
Semi Urban – Base Case
2229 October 2018
A
B
C
aggregated Buses A, B, C are connected to phase 3
Analysis of aggregated Buses 17-49(A); 67 -76 (B); 93-113(C)
Semi Urban - Base case
It can be observed that low voltage unbalances do not exist without PV penetration in the buses which are closer to the PT. However the longer the distance from the PT and with heavy loads, we can observe phase unbalance higher than 4% already in the last buses.
23
A B C
Connection of PV systems to aggregated Buses A, B and C
24
A
B
C
10% penetration of PV results– connection to phase 3
25
A
B
C
15% penetration of PV results– connection to phase 3
26
A
BC
15% of the PT power. A 6kW single phase system/consumer. Which means approx. 150% of the consumer’ capacity
Conclusions
• Extreme weather conditions can dramatically affect the
efficiency of the EV charging stations
• Mono-phase PV deployments causes unbalances
• Smart meters can play an important role on demand side
management
27
28
Smart Electricity Systems and Interoperability
http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
Thank you
for your attention
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