Evangelos Kotsakis, Alexandre

Lucas, Nikoleta Andreadou,

Gianluca Fulli, Marcelo Masera

Energy Security, Distribution and Markets

EC - JRC, Energy Transport and Climate

Vienna ERIGRID-IRED, 16 October 2018

Recent research conducted at

the SGILab towards an

efficient and interoperable

smart grid

art Gr

Smart Grid Interoperability Lab

2

Joint Research Centre (JRC)

JRC established in 1957• 7 institutes in 5 countries:

IT, BE, DE, NL, ES

• 2,845 permanent and temporary staff in 2011

• Over 1400 scientific publications per year

• 125 instances of support to EU policy-maker annually

• Budget:€356 million Euro annually, plus €62 million earn income million earn income

Smart Grid

TRANSPORT

Deploy

Clean

EnergyIncrease Energy

Efficiency

Deploy

Alternative

Fuels

Electrification

of

Transport

Increase

Vehicle

Efficiency

Modernise

the Grid

Techno-economic Modelling & Analysis

Experimental Activities

Interoperability

OUR PRIORITIESENERGY SUPPLY ENERGY DEMAND

429 October 2018

Smart Grid Interoperability Lab

529 October 2018

LAB SCADA

629 October 2018

PHIL experiments

729 October 2018

Device under test

Profiling

JRC Interoperability Testing Methodology V2X HEV-TCP

Use Case elaboration

BAPcreation

BAIOPcreation

Testing AnalysisBAP BAIOP

Use Case

Test Resul

t

AnalysisResult

Design of experimen

t

Exp. data

JRC Smart Grid Interoperability Lab Repository

Stakeholders

OtherUCs

OtherBAPs

OtherBAIOP

IOP Tool

TestBed

EUT

Input

Output

Data storage

Activity

9Source :

Alexandre Lucas, Germana Trentadue, Marcos Otura, Harald Scholz. Fast charging power quality performance under extreme temperature conditions. Sust. Enr. Gri. and Net. 2017 pp.17.

(submitted)

• In this study seven different fast chargers were analysed while charging a full battery EV under four temperature levels (-25

°C, - 15 °C, +20 °C and +40 °C). The current total harmonic distortion, power factor and standby power were registered.

Figure 1 – Fast charging experiment implementation in the

climatic chamber set up

Table 1 – Current total harmonic distortion at nominal current per charger in different temperatures

Standby

Power

(VA)

A B C D E F G

+40 °C 210 890 689 270 300 1650 1200

+20 °C 240 960 720 250 280 840 1123

-15 °C 210 900 700 290 400 840 1800

-25 °C 210 930 660 1500 225 780 1224

Table 2– Standby apparent power at nominal current per charger in different temperatures

SGILAB - EV Interoperability studies

• Results show that the current total harmonic distortion THDI tends to increase with

lower temperatures.

• The standby consumption shows no trend, with results ranging from 210 VA to 1800

VA.

• Four out of seven chargers lost interoperability at -25 °C. Such non-linear loads,

present high current harmonic distortion as well as high reactive power, hence low

power factor.

• The temperature at which the vehicle’s battery charged is crucial to the current it

can take in, hence influencing the charger’s performance.

Figure 2 – Current total harmonic distortion variation with temperature (phase 1)

Figure 3 – AC charging current (RMS) variation with temperature (phase 1)

Table 3 – Fast chargers power factor module per phase during charging

Figure 4 – Fast charger’s power factor per phase during

charging at ambient temperature 10

SGILAB - EV Interoperability studies

1129 October 2018

Charger Operation Standards/ConnectorsDimensions and

performance

A

Voltage: 400 Vac; Nominal

current (I) : 300 ARMS @ 120

kWDC + 65 kWAC charge

Mode 3 and 4 IEC 61851-1:2010 NF; IEC 62196-

3:2012; IEC 62196-2 Mode 3, Type 2; DIN 70121;

IEC 61851-1/22/23/24 EV com. - Chademo : BUS

CAN compatible- Combo 2 : CPL compatible -

AC:Mode 3, JEVSG105; IEC 61851-21-2; EN

61000-6-1/-2/-4

PF: 0,99; Efficiency rate of 96

%; Temperatures: - 25 to +45

°C; Weight : 400kg; Noise:

60dB

B

Voltage: 400 Vac; 73 A, 50 kVA; ;

DC power up to 50 kW; AC power

up to 43 kVA; Max DC Output 50

kW; Max DC current 120 A

JEVS G104 (Chademo) IEC61851-23 PLC (CCS /

Combo-2) IEC61851-1 (AC) JEVS G105 (Chademo)

Combo T2 (CCS / Combo-2) IEC62196 Type-2

OCPP (1.2; 1.5) and others

PF: 0,98; Efficiency > 93%;

Temp.:-25 ºC to +50 ºC;

Weight: 600 kg; Noise <55dB

C

Voltage: 400V AC / 200-500V DC;

Power: from 20 to 43kW AC /

from 20 to 44kW DC; Output

current: 0-63A AC / 0-125A DC

ZE Ready –1.2 Version; ZER-13-12033-DBT;

Chademo 0.9 certified; Chademo 1.0 Compatible;

NFC 15-100; CEM 2004/108/CE; IEC 61309-9; 1

Chademo connector + 1 Type 2

PF: Not available (N/A);

Efficiency: N/A; Temp.:-30 to

+40°C; 350kg; Noise <55dB

D

Voltage: 400 VAC; Nominal input

current 80 A; 32 A – 80 A;

Nominal input power 55 kVA; 22

kVA – 55 kVA; Max power 50 kW;

Max current 120 A

JEVS G105

Chademo compliant

RFID system 13.56 MHz, ISO 14443A Network

connection GSM / UMTS modem 10/100 Base-T

Ethernet

PF:N/A; Efficiency > 92%;

Temp.: -30ºC to +40ºC;

Weight: 400kg; Noise < 45

dBA; Standby Power: 100 W

(w/o heater), 1000 W

E

Voltage: 400V AC; 143 A; Max

current ac 63 A; Max power ac 43

kW; Freq: 50 / 60 Hz; Max DC

output power 50 kW; Max 120 A

DC

Mode 3/4 (IEC-61851-1/23/24) Combo-2 (DIN

70121) JEVS G105 (IEC-92196-3) Type 2

(IEC6296) tethered Cable CE / Combo-2 (DIN

70121) EN61851-23 Chademo rev.0.9 certified

PF: > 0,96; Efficiency: 95 %;

Temp.: -30 to + 45°C at

nominal output Power Weight:

445 kg Noise: <55dB

F

Voltage: 400 V AC Max. input

current: 87 A; 50kW; Max. output

current Mode 4: 500 V DC; 120

A;

4 Outlets; Connexion type mode 4 Chademo /

CCS; Mode2/3; GPRS or Ethernet / OCPP V1.6; EV

Ready: CEI 60439 / 61851; Chademo: UTE C 15-

722 / C 17-222; NF C 15-100: ISO 15118

PF: N/A; Efficiency: 95%;

Temp.:-30°C to +45°C;

Forced Air. Weight: 350 kg;

Noise: <55dB; Standby Power:

700W (with heater)

Smart Meter platform

1229 October 2018

A DSM Test Case Applied on an End-to-End System, from Consumer to Energy Provider

➢ Exchange of information - steps:

➢Smart meters data are sent to

data concentrator – 3 residential

profiles have been replicated

➢Data forwarded to Actor B -

controls the metering channel

➢Data consumption profiles are

extracted and forwarded to Actor

A - controlls the energy channel

➢Aggregation of the 3 profiles takes place

➢Interaction between Actor A and consumers – invitation to participate in

the DSM program

➢IF positive feedback, Actor A takes control of specific devices within the

house during peak hours

➢New profile(s) is extracted

Load Profile

1429 October 2018

Results

Comparison between: after and before the DSM program for the timeframe from 16:00 to 22:00

➢ Conclusions:

➢The profiles have been

measured – aggregated profile

created

➢The peak hour is determined to

be between 18:00-20:00

➢All consumers take part in the

DSM program

➢The peaks in the overall

consumption curve are smaller

with the DSM program than

without (yellow part in the

diagrams)

1629 October 2018

DSO data indicators

13 Referencenetwork

AnalysisExternaldata

Reference Network construction

3 largescale

10 feeder Type

1729 October 2018

ID DSOs Indicators

1 Number of LV consumers per MV consumers

2 LV circuit length per LV consumer

3 LV underground ratio

4 Number of LV consumer per MV/LV substation

5 MV/LV substation capacity per LV consumer

6 MV circuit length per MV supply point

7 MV underground ratio

8 Number of MV supply points per HV/MV substation

9Typical transformation capacity of MV/LV secondary

substations in urban areas

10Typical transformation capacity of MV/LV secondary

substations in rural areas

1829 October 2018

REPRESENTATIVE

NETWORK ID #

TYPE OF AREAVOLTAG

E LEVELS

DEGREE OF AUTOMATI

ON

1 Urban LV & MV Low2 Semi-urban LV & MV Low3 Rural LV & MV Low

4Urban - Two substations

interconnectedMV Low

5Urban - Two substations

interconnectedMV High

6Urban - One substation and one

switching stationMV Low

7Urban - One substation and one

switching stationMV High

8 Semi-urban - Substation ring MV Low9 Semi-urban - Substation ring MV High

10 Rural MV Low11 Rural MV High12 Urban LV Low13 Semi-urban LV Low

1929 October 2018

Study on Urban and Semi Urban – European Ref. Networks

Semi Urban typology

Urban typology

20

% Voltage unbalance = 100 x (maximum deviation from average voltage)

2129 October 2018

(average voltage)

At 20kV level the voltage unbalance is negligible

Semi Urban – Base Case

2229 October 2018

A

B

C

aggregated Buses A, B, C are connected to phase 3

Analysis of aggregated Buses 17-49(A); 67 -76 (B); 93-113(C)

Semi Urban - Base case

It can be observed that low voltage unbalances do not exist without PV penetration in the buses which are closer to the PT. However the longer the distance from the PT and with heavy loads, we can observe phase unbalance higher than 4% already in the last buses.

23

A B C

Connection of PV systems to aggregated Buses A, B and C

24

A

B

C

10% penetration of PV results– connection to phase 3

25

A

B

C

15% penetration of PV results– connection to phase 3

26

A

BC

15% of the PT power. A 6kW single phase system/consumer. Which means approx. 150% of the consumer’ capacity

Conclusions

• Extreme weather conditions can dramatically affect the

efficiency of the EV charging stations

• Mono-phase PV deployments causes unbalances

• Smart meters can play an important role on demand side

management

27

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Smart Electricity Systems and Interoperability

http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

Thank you

for your attention

Evangelos.kotsakis@ec.europa.eu