PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF COMMON
ENDOPARASITES OF MITHUN
• Normally, it affects liver, lung, spleen andkidney.
Published byICAR-NRConMithun,Medziphema,
Nagaland-797106
Compiled and Edited by:J.K.Chamuah,VivekJoshi,H.Lalzampuia,SSHanah,Lalchamliani,K.PBiam,DBorkotoky,LSunitibala
Devi,VikramR.,M.H.KhanandNHaque
For further informationEmail:[email protected]:www.nrcmithun.icar.gov.in
2020
HydatidcystinLungs&Liver
Control of endoparasites in mithun:Anthelmintic• Fenbendazole @10mg/kg body weight orally
(3gbolus/adultanimal).• Piperazine adipate (45mg/100ml) @ 30ml for
calves(Toxocara vitulorum infection)• Albendazole @7.5-15mg/kg body weight orally
(2.5gbolus/120kgbodyweight)effectiveasbroadspectrumanthelmintic.
• Ivermectin (0.2mg/kg body weight) @ 1ml/50kgsubcutaneously is very effective againstendoparasitesandectoparasites.
Prevention and Control:1. Properdewormingofaffectedanimalswithbroad-
spectrumanthelmintics.2. Planting feeds and fodders having anthelmintic
propertiesinmithunthrivingforestareas.3. Regular pre-monsoon and post-monsoon.
dewormingofmithunswithanthelmintics.4. Adopt optimal feeding practices and maintain
properhygieneinsheds.5. Rotationalgrazingshouldbefollowedforparasite
controlinforestgrazedanimals. ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun(An ISO 9001: 2015 Quality Management System)
MEDZIPHEMA,NAGALAND-797106
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Introduction• Endoparasites especially gastrointestinal
helminthes are the major cause of ill health inmithunthataredirectlyandindirectlyassociatedwithmorbidity,mortalityandeconomiclosses.
• MostcommongastrointestinalparasitesofmithunareHaemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomumspp.,Trichostrongylusspp.,Mecistocirrusspp.,Cooperiaspp.,Trichurisspp.,Toxocaraspp.,Strogyloidesspp.,Bunostomum spp., Fasciola gigantica, Moniezia benedeniandMoniezia expansa
Clinical signsRound worm infection• The clinical signs vary depending on species
of parasites involved. In H. contortus, clinicalsigns are anaemia, palor of mucous membrane,bloody diarrhea, weakness and progressivedebilitation.
• Toxocariasis is another disease responsible forcalves’ mortality in mithun. Clinically, animaldefecate mud coloured watery feces, showpotbellied condition, intermittent diarrhoeafollowedbyconstipation,emaciation,roughbodycoat and in postmortem,mild catarrhal enteritisofintestine.
• PimplygutisacommonphenomenoninchronicinfectionofOesophagostomum spp.,whereentirelarge intestineand rectumarefilledwithgreyishwhitenodules.
Amphistomiasis• Immature amphistomosis is an acute and fatal
diseaseofyoungmithuncharacterizedbyprofusediarrhoea, dehydration, palemucousmembrane,roughbodycoatfollowedbydeathoftheanimal.
Cestode infestation Monieziasis• AmongCestode infection,Moniezia expansaand
M. benedeni are the most common in mithun,this is due to presence of oribatid mite in theenvironmentduringwinter.
• Cestode infectedmithun calves showpot-belliedcondition rough body coat, palor of mucousmembrane, reduced body weight gain andconstipation.
AdultToxocara vitulorum
Pimplygut
Adult Mecistocirrus digitatus
Fasciola gigantica
Adult Moniezia benedeni
Immature Toxocaraspp.inabomasum
Pot-belliedcondition
M.digitatusinfestedabomasum
Roughbodyhaircoat
• Mecistocirrus digitatus cause death of theanimals in heavy infestation; they show clinicalsigns according to the degree of infestation andcommon signs are anemia and palor ofmucousmembrane.
Fluke infection in mithunFascioliasis• Fascioliasis isamajorfluke infestationcausedby
Fasciola giganticainMithun.Theaffectedanimalsshow edema in submandibular region, palemucousmembrane,diarrheaandconstipation.
Hydatidosis• Itistheformationoffluidfilledcystsindifferent
bodyorgansofMithunand it is important sinceit can be transmitted to humans by consumingmithunmeat(Zoonoticdisease).
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