Protein Supplements Intake
Among Gym-Goers in
LebanonBy Nadine Massaad
Acknowledgement
First, I would like to thank my mentor miss Aline Rizkalla who helped me all the
way through the review of every draft and enlightening me about the
requirements to complete the project.
Second, I would like to thank Dr. Mireille Serhan for following our progress and
helping us in reaching the desired goal
And, I would like to thank the gym goers who accepted to fill the needed survey
and the owners of Zahle and Ashrafiyeh gyms.
Table of Contents
I. INTRODUCTION
II. LITTERATURE REVIEW
III.RATIONALE
IV. RESEARCH QUESTION
V. METHODS
VI. DISCUSSION
VII. LIMITATIONS
VIII. ETHICS
IX. CONCLUSION
X. REFERENCES
Introduction
Since body shapes are very important in society, people tend to follow the most
appropriate and easy way to get the perfect body
The use of protein supplements, whether vitamins, minerals, protein, creatine
and other ergogenic compounds, has been in great increase and reached
about 85% among athletes and gym-goers (Maughan et al., 2007)
Protein Supplements
Individuals tend to consume protein supplements to enhance their
muscular gross in size and strength
Misuse in either taking wrong
doses per day or not reading the
labels
Adverse side effects
GoutIncreased body fat
DehydrationKidney overloadCalcium loss…
(Oliver et al., 2011).
Literature Review
In a cross sectional study done by Oliver et al in 2011 on the prevalence of proteins supplements of gym-goers, found
that 25% exceed the RDA recommended for protein intake
Another study revealed that over half of 39 protein supplementers thought that no harm is caused and only 4 out
of 22 non supplementers thought so (Duellman et al, 2008)
In the GUTS(Growing Up Today Study), 91% of 6212 females and 83% of 4237 males
were reading magazines like fashion, health fitness and sports magazines
Duellman et al (2008) also revealed that 7 out of the 39 protein-supplementers got
information about the use of supplementation from the media.
Rationale
Lack of studies that consider the Lebanese population and its gym goers that
consume protein supplements
Lack in the studies reviewing the side effects that are caused by the over intake of
supplements
Crucial to conduct this study and try to get an estimate of the prevalence of protein
supplementation and the possible manifestation of any side effects in order to come
up with the perfect intervention to help and educate gym-goers in the near future
Methods – Cross-Sectional Study Design
Lebanese Gym-Goers
Life Gym in Zahle+ Beirut Gym in
Ashrafiyeh
N = 50
Questionnaire for data collection
Data will be described and
analyzed with the use of tables and
graphs
Results
Sex Proportion (N=50)
Females N=15 30%
Males N=35 70%
Age Group (years) Proportion
15-24 N=32 64%
25-34 N=12 24%
35-44 N=6 12%
Reasons for attending gym
60%24%
16%
Good Shape Health Benefits To Exercise
Protein supplements intake
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
No
Yes
Yes, used to
27(54%)
20(40%)
3(7%)
Intake of Protein Supplements
Total
Protein intake according to Age Groups:
12
4 4
60% 20% 20%0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
15-24 yrs 25-34 yrs 35-44 yrs
Protein intake Percentage
Results showed that protein intake dominated by the smallest age group from 15-24 years old attending
gym and equal consumption for both ranging from 25 till 34 and 35 till 44 years old.
Level of Protein Intake
0
2
0
1
0
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
25
30
45
50
75
90
Amount of Protein Intake(grams)
Currently Used to
Type of Protein Supplements Consumed
6
12
2
WHEY PROTEIN
SHAKES/POWDER
CASEIN
Type of Protein Supplements
Source of advices
10%
40%30%
20%
Motivation
Friends Gym Instructor Media Personal Choice
Sources of Supplements
4
14
2
0
20%
70%
10%
0%
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Nutrition Supplement Stores
Gym
Online Stores
Sport Stores
Percentage N
As compared to the source of motivation which is the gym instructor influencing
adults to consume and obtain supplements from the gym
Side Effects
7
13
0
SIDE EFFECTS
SUPPLEMENTS SIDE EFFECTS
No Positive Positive Negative
Discussion
In our study, prevalence of supplementation is
40%by gym-goers
Consistent
Khoury and Antoine-Jonville 36.3%
Higher
Oliver et al(2011) 28%
• Type of protein supplements
Protein powder consumption had a
prevalence of 40% and 39.8% in both
our study and the study in Beirut
respectively
• Outcome of Supplementation
In our study65% + effects/ 35%no – effects
In Oliver et al(2011)77.4% + effects/19.1% - effects
3.7% indecisive
Discussion
Source of information
Gym instructors were the primary source of information in our study
Compliant with Khoury and Antoine-Jonville (2012) discovery
coaches provided an ultimate source of information for exercisers
critical considerations about the accuracy, feasibility and effectiveness of such information
and knowledge are taking place
Media television, internet, books and magazines subjected 30% of our study participants to
protein supplements consumption
correlation with Jacobson et al (2001) and Rosenbloom et al (2002) who considered media,
coaches and peers as a poor source of nutritional scientific information
Duellman et al (2008) also showed that 7 out of 39 protein supplementers got information on
supplementation from the media
Limitations
Small sample size sampling error not representative
Weight and height were self reported lack of accuracy
Reporting bias not reporting having side effects prospective cohort would
be beneficial to follow participants and find a temporal relationship
Ethics
Voluntary participation
Confidentiality preserved by giving IDs rather than taking names
No invasive tests collection of data at one point in time
no physical, social, legal, economic or psychological harm
Questionnaires sealed in a safe place
Destruction of data after a certain time of publication (approximately 5years)
Conclusion
Need to implement programs to increase the scientific knowledge
Increasing awareness
Control over the media to prevent negative impacts on adults and teenagers
Future studies should be done to investigate the possible occurrence of
negative side effects resulting from over consumption of protein supplements
References
D. El Khoury., & S. Antoine-Jonville. (2012). Intake of Nutritional Supplements among PeopleExercising in Gyms in Beirut City. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolismhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/703490 Retrieved from:http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnme/2012/703490/
Duellman, M., Lukaszuk, J., Prawitz, A., & Brandenburg, J. (2008, July). Protein supplement users among high school athletes have misconception about effectiveness. Journal of Strength and Conditioning. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezsecureaccess.balamand.edu.lb/docview/213058820?pq-origsite=summon
Food and Drug Administration (2002) Dietary supplement enforcement report. Retrievedfrom http://www.fda.gov/oc/nutritioninitiative/report.html
Maughan R.J., King D.S., Lea T. (2004) Dietary supplements. Journal of Sports Sciences 22, 95-113
Oliver et al (2011). Prevalence of protein supplement use at gyms. Nutrición Hospitalaria. 26(5)
Rosenbloom, CA, Jonnalagadda, SS, and Skinner, R Nutrition knowledge of collegiate athletes in a Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association institution. J Am Diet Assoc 102:
418420, 2002
Top Related