First Aid Day 2 Objectives
• The student will be able to define, describe and perform the initial Victim Assessment
• The student will be able to define, describe and perform the Initial Check (Responsive and Unresponsive Victim)
• The student will be able to define, describe and perform the ABC Assessment
• The student will be able to define the acronym D-O-T-S• The student will be able to describe and perform the different Rescuing
and Moving techniques.
SOLs: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.3c, 9.3d, 9.3e, 9.4a, 9.4b, 9.5a, 9.5c,9.5d, 9.5e
VICTIM ASSESSMENT (COPY)
• Initial Check– Immediate life-threatening conditions
AirwayBreathing Circulation
• Physical Exam: D-O-T-S– Deformities– Open-Wounds – Tenderness– Swelling
VICTIM ASSESSMENT (COPY)
Sample History (after check for life-threatening conditions)
- Signs /symptoms– Allergies– Medications– Past medical history – Last oral intake– Events leading to injury or illness
Initial Check (COPY)
• Look for immediate life-threatening conditions• After one minute call EMS if life is threatened
Responsive Victim (COPY)
• Has an open airway• Is breathing• Circulation present• May suffer from an injury or illness
Unresponsive Victim (COPY)
• No movement• Gently tap and shout “Are You OK?”• Unconscious adult activate EMS immediately
Check the ABCs of the Victim
Causes of an Airway Obstruction
• Abdominal thrusts if airway exchange is severely limited
• Severe wounds/burns that affect the airway can be life-threatening
• Examples– Airway obstruction or
damage– Severe wounds or burns
around the throat/mouth
Causes of Breathing Emergencies
• Examples of life-threatening breathing emergencies– Asthma/allergies– Chest or abdominal injuries
Causes of Circulation Concerns
• Interrupted when heart can’t– Adequately pump blood– Blood flow is insufficient– Blood vessels restrict
blood from an area
Causes of Circulation Concerns (copy)
• Examples of threats to circulation– Pump: heart can’t beat effectively (heart
attack)– Blood Flow: pressure insufficient (severe
bleeding)– Blood Vessels: insufficient flow to vital
organs (shock or stroke)
Physical Exam• After checking for life-threatening injuries:
– What you can see– What victim tells you– Head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and
extremities
Physical Exam – DOTS (copy)
• D-O-T-S– Deformities– Open Wounds– Tenderness– Swelling
S.A.M.P.L.E History
• Signs/Symptoms• Allergies• Medications• Past Medical History• Last Oral Intake• Events Leading to Injury or Illness
RESCUING AND MOVING (COPY)
• Overview (See Handout)– Use good judgment– Keep yourself safe– Activate EMS
Moving Victims (COPY)
• Only move to protect from further harm or to provide special care (CPR).
• Stabilize any suspected bone, neck, or spinal injuries
Shoulder Drag (HDO)
• Short distance over a rough surface
• Stabilize victims head with forearms
Ankle Drag (HDO)
• Fastest method for short distance
• Over a smooth surface
Blanket Pull (HDO)
• Roll victim onto a blanket
• Pull from behind the victim’s head
One-Person Carry (HDO)
• Human Crutch• Cradle Carry• Firefighters Carry• Pack Strap Carry• Piggy Back Carry
Two Person Carries (HDO)
• Two-Person Assist• Two-Handed Seat
Carry• Four-Handed Seat
Carry• Extremity Carry• Chair Carry
RESCUING AND MOVING
Water Rescue (RTRG) (COPY)
• Only enter the water if professionally trained to do so– Reach: lightweight pole, ladder, long stick,
clothing– Throw: use anything that floats-attached to
rope– Row: rowboat, canoe, motor boat, boogie
board– Go: use towel or board for victim to hang
onto
Electrical Emergencies (COPY)
• Remove or inactivate (shut off) power source before attempting to assist a victim
– Household power: Shut off fuse box, circuit breakers, or main switch, or unplug cord
– High Voltage Lines: activate EMS and be sure police or power company have turned off power
– Power Lines on Auto: Victims stay in car unless fire or explosion threatens life.
Hazardous Materials (COPY)
• Exists in industrial workplaces and crashes. Only trained personnel should enter if: – Signs Posted– Vapor clouds– Unusual odors– Spilled fluids
Motor Vehicle Crashes (COPY)
• Obligated to stop and assist when involved in an accident.
– Assess victims: • condition of victims• Activate EMS• Prioritize and provide care
Motor Vehicle Crashes (COPY)
– Vehicles• 1. Turn off the ignition• 2. Switch on emergency flashers• 3. Raise hood to draw attention
– Avoid moving victims unless you need to in order to provide care or environment becomes unstable (unsafe)
Fire (COPY)
• Quickly direct others to safety• Activate EMS• Use an extinguisher or other
method to stop small fire• Maintain a clear escape route and
keep a safe distance from fire– Maintain escape plan– Do not open hot doors– Stay low– Help others to escape
Confined Spaces (COPY)
• Not intended for human occupancy– Below ground
• Manholes, utility vaults, cisterns, wells
– Ground level• Industrial tanks, farm
storage
– Above ground• Water towers, storage
tanks
Bell Ringer #2An Assessment Scenario #2
Scenario #2• You are on break in the concession area. A young
woman approaches you saying her friend is behaving very strangely. You and the woman approach the friend who is sitting down. She is conscious. Immediately you notice a medical identification bracelet on her wrist.
• Describe what steps you would take to help the young woman and why you would take these actions.
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