PLANNING
Presented by : Sumaya Unissa
And Mogal Zainab
What is Planning ?
Planning focuses on achieving objectives. Planning is a primary function of
management.Planning is pervasive.Planning is continuous.Planning involves decision-making.
According to Henry Fayol,” Planning is deciding the best alternatives among others to perform different managerial operations in order to achieve the per-determined goals.”
Process of planning
Constructing the planning premises.Forecasting , Overcomes and Events.Determining clear objectives.Searching for alternative plans and actions.Evaluation of alternatives.Environmental scanning.
Advantages of planningDirection settingHolistic picture of consequences.Promotion of team spirit.Estimation of needed resources.Better decision making.Provision for control.Minimizing risk and uncertainties.No Hapazart action.
Disadvantages of planningLack of accurate information.Time consuming process.Expensive.Inflexibility.Environmental constraints.False sense of security.Capital investment in fixed assets limits
planning.
Types of planObjective
They are end towards which every action is aimed.Strategy
It refers to future decision defining the organization's direction and scope in long run.
PoliciesThey are guidelines which facilitates the
achievement of the objectives.Procedures
It is the way of doing and not decision.
Programme They are detailed statement about a project
which outlines the objectives , policies , procedures , rule , human and physical resources required and budget to implement any course of action.
Rule It is a specific statement that informs what is to
be done.Budget
It informs the expected results in numeric terms.
THANK YOU
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