PLANNING

Presented by : Sumaya Unissa

And Mogal Zainab

What is Planning ?

Planning focuses on achieving objectives. Planning is a primary function of

management.Planning is pervasive.Planning is continuous.Planning involves decision-making.

According to Henry Fayol,” Planning is deciding the best alternatives among others to perform different managerial operations in order to achieve the per-determined goals.”

Process of planning

Constructing the planning premises.Forecasting , Overcomes and Events.Determining clear objectives.Searching for alternative plans and actions.Evaluation of alternatives.Environmental scanning.

Advantages of planningDirection settingHolistic picture of consequences.Promotion of team spirit.Estimation of needed resources.Better decision making.Provision for control.Minimizing risk and uncertainties.No Hapazart action.

Disadvantages of planningLack of accurate information.Time consuming process.Expensive.Inflexibility.Environmental constraints.False sense of security.Capital investment in fixed assets limits

planning.

Types of planObjective

They are end towards which every action is aimed.Strategy

It refers to future decision defining the organization's direction and scope in long run.

PoliciesThey are guidelines which facilitates the

achievement of the objectives.Procedures

It is the way of doing and not decision.

Programme They are detailed statement about a project

which outlines the objectives , policies , procedures , rule , human and physical resources required and budget to implement any course of action.

Rule It is a specific statement that informs what is to

be done.Budget

It informs the expected results in numeric terms.

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