PHYSIOLOGY 1B
By: Ryan Batten, Taylor Olson, Chloe Arnold, Sophie Charlot,
and Reid Ponder
REFLEX ARCH
1. Detection of signals from the
outside environment of detection of
deviation (change) from homeostasis
from the internal environment
2. Integration of multiple signals
from outside and inside to produce
appropriate response
Response to counteract stimulus
being detected
This system builds the reflex arch.
THE BRAIN
ORGANIZATION OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(PNS)
PNS
Sensory Motor
Sensing External Environment
Sensing External Environment
ParasympatheticSlowing Down
Sympathetic Speeding Up
Rest and Digest
Fight or Flight
3 TYPES OF NEURONS
Sensory Neurons- Neurons that carry incoming
information form the sense to the CNS.
Interneurons- CNS neurons that internally
communicate and intervene between the sensory
inputs and the motor outputs
Motor Neurons- Carry outgoing information from
the CNS to muscle glands.
STRUCTURE OF A NEURON
HOW DO NEURONS SEND SIGNALS
The point of contact at which impulses are passed from one cell to another are
known as Synapse
Neurons that transmit impulses to other neurons do not actually touch each other.
The small Gap or Space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of the
next neuron is called the Synapse
One importance of the presence of Synapses is that they ensure one-way
transmission of impulses in a living person
The Axon Terminals at Synapse contain tiny vesicles, or sacs. These are known as
Neurotansmitters.
Neurotransmitters is a chemcial substance that is used by one neuron to signal
another. The impulses is changed from an electriacal impulse to a chemical impulse
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Chemical Signals- detects deviation from homeostasis
(stimulus) and signals cells for a coordinated action to counteract
the deviation (response)
Homeostasis- Maintaining a stable internal environment
Send out hormones to the body
Hormone- A chemical substance formed in the body that is
carried in the bloodstream to affect another part of the body
The goal is to maintain homeostasis
Pituitary
Pancreas
Thyroid
Hypothalamus
Parathyroid
Adrenal Glands
Reproductive Glands
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
TARGET CELLS
ENDOCRINE GLAND CELL
Endocrine GlandChemical Hormone Target
Cell(protein receptor)
ResponseInhibitStimulus
What lobe controls
speech?A. Frontal LobeB. Temporal lobeC. Occipital lobe
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
What is the order of
the reflex arch?A. Detection,
Integration, Response
B. Integration, Detection, Response,
C. Response, Integration, Detection
What is the Basic cell
of the nervous system?A. CapillaryB. NephronC. Neuron
MORE QUESTIONS
How do neurons
transmit signals to each
other?A. Electric ImpulsesB. Chemical
TransmittersC. Both A and B
How is the sensory
peripheral nervous
system organized?A. PNS, sensory,
sensing external environment, Sensing internal environment
B. PNS, sensory, parasympathetic
C. PNS, sensory, fight or flight
MORE QUESTIONS
What does the Central
Nervous System Consist
of?A. Neurons and other
cells associatedB. Brain and Spinal
ChordC. Neurons and Axons
What are the 3 types of
neurons?A. Sensory Neurons,
Motor Neurons, Inter Neurons
B. Spinal Neurons, Brain Neurons, Connecting Neurons
C. Heart Neurons, Bone Neurons, Muscular Neurons
MORE QUESTIONS
What is the purpose of
the endocrine system?A. Maintain
homeostasis by releasing hormones.
B. Provide cells with nutrients
C. Retain the shape of organisms
Where is the Pituitary
Gland?A. Near the stomachB. Base of the skullC. Directly above the
bone
MORE QUESTIONS
What is the point of
contact at which
impulses are passed
from one cell to another?A. Schwann CellB. Nodes of RanvierC. Synapse
QUESTION KEY
A
A
C
C
A
B
A
B
B
C
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