PHYSIOLOGY 1B

By: Ryan Batten, Taylor Olson, Chloe Arnold, Sophie Charlot,

and Reid Ponder

REFLEX ARCH

1. Detection of signals from the

outside environment of detection of

deviation (change) from homeostasis

from the internal environment

2. Integration of multiple signals

from outside and inside to produce

appropriate response

Response to counteract stimulus

being detected

This system builds the reflex arch.

THE BRAIN

ORGANIZATION OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

(PNS)

PNS

Sensory Motor

Sensing External Environment

Sensing External Environment

ParasympatheticSlowing Down

Sympathetic Speeding Up

Rest and Digest

Fight or Flight

3 TYPES OF NEURONS

Sensory Neurons- Neurons that carry incoming

information form the sense to the CNS.

Interneurons- CNS neurons that internally

communicate and intervene between the sensory

inputs and the motor outputs

Motor Neurons- Carry outgoing information from

the CNS to muscle glands.

STRUCTURE OF A NEURON

HOW DO NEURONS SEND SIGNALS

The point of contact at which impulses are passed from one cell to another are

known as Synapse

Neurons that transmit impulses to other neurons do not actually touch each other.

The small Gap or Space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of the

next neuron is called the Synapse

One importance of the presence of Synapses is that they ensure one-way

transmission of impulses in a living person

The Axon Terminals at Synapse contain tiny vesicles, or sacs. These are known as

Neurotansmitters.

Neurotransmitters is a chemcial substance that is used by one neuron to signal

another. The impulses is changed from an electriacal impulse to a chemical impulse

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Chemical Signals- detects deviation from homeostasis

(stimulus) and signals cells for a coordinated action to counteract

the deviation (response)

Homeostasis- Maintaining a stable internal environment

Send out hormones to the body

Hormone- A chemical substance formed in the body that is

carried in the bloodstream to affect another part of the body

The goal is to maintain homeostasis

Pituitary

Pancreas

Thyroid

Hypothalamus

Parathyroid

Adrenal Glands

Reproductive Glands

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

TARGET CELLS

ENDOCRINE GLAND CELL

Endocrine GlandChemical Hormone Target

Cell(protein receptor)

ResponseInhibitStimulus

What lobe controls

speech?A. Frontal LobeB. Temporal lobeC. Occipital lobe

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

What is the order of

the reflex arch?A. Detection,

Integration, Response

B. Integration, Detection, Response,

C. Response, Integration, Detection

What is the Basic cell

of the nervous system?A. CapillaryB. NephronC. Neuron

MORE QUESTIONS

How do neurons

transmit signals to each

other?A. Electric ImpulsesB. Chemical

TransmittersC. Both A and B

How is the sensory

peripheral nervous

system organized?A. PNS, sensory,

sensing external environment, Sensing internal environment

B. PNS, sensory, parasympathetic

C. PNS, sensory, fight or flight

MORE QUESTIONS

What does the Central

Nervous System Consist

of?A. Neurons and other

cells associatedB. Brain and Spinal

ChordC. Neurons and Axons

What are the 3 types of

neurons?A. Sensory Neurons,

Motor Neurons, Inter Neurons

B. Spinal Neurons, Brain Neurons, Connecting Neurons

C. Heart Neurons, Bone Neurons, Muscular Neurons

MORE QUESTIONS

What is the purpose of

the endocrine system?A. Maintain

homeostasis by releasing hormones.

B. Provide cells with nutrients

C. Retain the shape of organisms

Where is the Pituitary

Gland?A. Near the stomachB. Base of the skullC. Directly above the

bone

MORE QUESTIONS

What is the point of

contact at which

impulses are passed

from one cell to another?A. Schwann CellB. Nodes of RanvierC. Synapse

QUESTION KEY

A

A

C

C

A

B

A

B

B

C