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III. Covenant at Sinai (19 ± 24)

EXODUS



Plain of el-Raha near Jebel Musa



Wadi el-Deir near Jebel Musa



Wadi el-Deir and St. Catherine¶s Monastery



Jebel Musa above St. Catherine¶s



Plain of Rafah at Sinai Where Israel Camped



Elijah's Spring




A. General Comments:

1. This is a covenant Theophony encounter with God

i. In the ANE a covenant was made between aKing and the people (Suzerainty/Vessel)

2. The Law Code had two types of Laws

i. Apodictic

ii. Casuistic




A. General Comments:

1. This is a covenant Theophany encounter with God

i. In the ANE a covenant was made between aKing and the people (Suzerainty/Vessel)

2. The Law Code had two types of Laws

i. Apodictic

ii. Causistic

3. Laws were Para-dynamic




A. Ex. 20:1-2 PREAMBLE AND PROLOUGE

1. Exodus 20:1-2 And God spoke all these words: 2 "I am the LORD your God,

who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery.

2. This verse emphasizes who is giving the commandsI. ³God spoke all these words´, not man.

I. It also reminds us of how Israel and YHWH came to be in this relationship

3. Vs. 2 ³Who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of Slavery´

³all these words´ ~yrIïb'D>h;-lK' ³cal ha-de-va-

reem.



III. Covenant at Sinai (19 ± 24)A. Ex. 20:1-2 PREAMBLE AND PROLOUGE

4. ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN LAW CODES

i . Two things reigned in the Ancient Near East.

Covenants and Law Codes.

II. The Difference between a covenant and a law

code

a. Covenants:

b. Ancient Near Eastern Law Codes

Victor Hamiltons Book H andbook on the

Pentateuch 2 nd ed., (Baker Academics,

Grand Rapids, MI., 2005) pg, 201.



III. Covenant at Sinai (19 ± 24)A

. Ex. 20:1-2 PREAMBL

EAND

PROL

OUGE1. Ancient Near Eastern Law Codes

� Code of Ur Nammu: (2100 ± 2000 BC)

� Code of Eshnunna: (1980 BC)

� Code of Lipit-Ishtar: (1930 BC)

� Code of Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC)

� The Hittite law code: (1552-1500 BC)

� The Middle Assyrian Laws: (1115-1107

BC)



SIX BASIC INGREDIENTS OF ANCIENT

COVENANTS OF THE A.N.E.

1. Preamble:

2. Prologue.3. Stipulations.

4. Sanctions

5. Witnesses.

6. Preservation of the Covenant



III. Covenant at Sinai (19 ± 24)20:1-17 Decalogue ³Ten Commandments´

� No other Gods

� No Idols

� Shall not misuse the name of the Lord

� Remember the Sabbath day

� Honor your father and mother

� You shall not murder

� You shall not commit adultery

� You shall not steel

� You shall not give false testimony

� You shall not covet




� No other Gods

� No Idols











Late Bronze standing stones at Hazor




� No other Gods� No Idols











"Honor (Exo 20:12)

Greek: ³To Honor´

Hebrew: Ca-ved: ³To honor, to make heavy´

Same word used for the ³Glory of God´



NIV Colossians 3:20 Children, obey your

parents in everything, for this pleases the Lord.

(Col 3:20 NIV)

Hoop-oh ³to come under´

Akoo-oh ³to listen´



(Exo 20:13 WTT)

Pre-Meditated cold blooded killing



NIVMatthew 15:19

For out of the heart come evil thoughts,

murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft,

false testimony, slander.



NIV Galatians 5:19 The acts of the sinful nature

are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and

debauchery;.

Sexual immorality / fornication,

(porneia), sexual immorality, sexual sin of ageneral kind, that includes many different

behaviors (Mt 5:32; 15:19; 19:9; Mk 7:21; Jn 8:41;

Ac1

5:20;1

Co 6:18

;7:2; 2Co

12:2

1; Gal 5:

19;

Eph 5:3; 1Th 4:3)





debauchery;.

Impurity , , literally w orthless

material, w aste; of graves decayed flesh, causingceremonial uncleanness, defilement (MT 23.27);

figuratively, moral uncleanness, impurity (1TH

2.3), opposite (holy living ); of sexualvice immorality, indecency, sexual impurity (RO

1.24)





debauchery;

Debachery / lascivious avse,lgeia living without

any moral restraint licentiousness, sensuality,

lustful indulgence unbridled lust, sensual excess,licentiousness, lasciviousness, wantonness,

outrageousness, shamelessness, insolence

Key point to this word is that is a

comprehensive expression for evil and

perversion. It is one of the vices that destroy an

individual from within (Mark 7:22).



ESV Ezekiel 23:21 Thus you longed for the

lewdness of your youth, when the Egyptians

handled your bosom and pressed your youngbreasts."

ESV Ezekiel 23:3 They played the whore in Egypt;they played the whore in their youth; there their

breasts were pressed and their virgin bosoms

handled.

To be fondled










� You shall not steal






19:1-24:18 DIVINE MORALITY

19:1-8 Eagles wings speech

� ³I carried you out on eagles wings´

�M

other eagle who teaches her chicks to fly19:9-25 Advent of God on Sinai

� Theophany

� Cloud of fire & Thunder

� People told to ³consecrate themselves´

� Not to come near or God would ³break out

against them´ i.e. strike them dead.




19:1-24:18 DIVINE MORALITY19:1-8 Eagles wings speech

19:9-25 Advent of God on Sinai

20:1-17 The Decalogue ³Ten Commandments´