Download - Pearson's Nursing Assistant Today CHAPTER The Reproductive System and Related Care 24.

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CHAPTER

The Reproductive System and Related Care

24

Pearson's Nursing Assistant TodayFrancie Wolgin • Kate Smith • Julie French

The Reproductive SystemThe Reproductive System

• Reproductive system: – Group of body organs that makes possible

creation of human life.

• Male and female each have essential role in the process of reproduction.



• Female reproductive system– Ovaries– Ova/ovum– Estrogen– Vagina/vaginal canal


Figure 24-1 Female reproductive organs.



• Reproductive process begins with ovulation.

• Fertilization can occur during ovulation. – Ovum unites with sperm cell released from

male during intercourse.


Figure 24-2 Fertilization and cell division.



• Giving birth– Uterus begins gradual to strong contractions,

pushing fetus through and out of vagina.– Baby is born.– Umbilical cord tied and cut.– Delivery of placenta.



• Menstruation: – Periodic (monthly) loss of some blood and

small part of lining of uterus when woman is not pregnant.

• Menopause: – Time during which menstruation stops (age

after 40).



• Male reproductive system– Testes (testicles):

Produce sperm

– Penis: Primary male sex organ

– Testosterone: Primary male sex hormone



• Male has orgasm; semen is ejaculated.• Takes only one sperm to join with ovum

for pregnancy to occur.


SexualitySexuality

• Sexuality: – How people experience and express

themselves as sexual beings. Biological Physical Emotional

• Contrasts ways men and women learn to behave.


The Reproductive SystemThe Reproductive Systemand the Normal Aging Processand the Normal Aging Process

• Aging of the female reproductive system– Menopause (between age 45 and 55)– Lose elasticity of vaginal tissues – Less vaginal secretion– Loss of calcium in bones– Pelvic muscles that support bladder becomes

weakened


The Reproductive SystemThe Reproductive Systemand the Normal Aging Processand the Normal Aging Process

• Aging of the male reproductive system– Enlargement of prostate gland; benign

prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP):

surgical procedure to remove prostate gland

– Erectile dysfunction – Impotence


Common Diseases and DisordersCommon Diseases and Disordersof the Reproductive Systemof the Reproductive System

• Female reproductive system– Dysmenorrhea– Amenorrhea– Menorrhagia– Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)– Vaginitis– Cystocele



• Female reproductive system (cont’d)– Rectocele– Cancer of the uterus– Fibroids– Tumors of the breast



• Male reproductive system– Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)– Cancer of prostate gland– Prostatitis– Hydrocele– Impotence– Varicocele– Tumors of testicle– Tumors of breast



• Sexually transmitted diseases– Chlamydia– Gonorrhea– AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)– Syphilis– Genital herpes simplex (HSV)– Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (genital

warts)


Care of the Gynecological PatientCare of the Gynecological Patient

• Gynecological (GYN) patient: – Female receiving care of reproductive system

and/or breasts.

• Pelvic examination: – Assessing condition of female reproductive

organs.– See Procedure 24-1: Preparing a Patient for

a Pelvic Exam


Figure 24-6 Assemble equipment for the pelvic exam.


Postdelivery Care of MothersPostdelivery Care of Mothers

• Vaginal delivery postpartum care– Lochia– Ambulation– Exhaustion– Pain and discomfort– Edema and tenderness– Perineal care

See Procedure 24-2: Postpartum Perineal Care



• Cesarean section– Surgical procedure where baby delivered

through incision in abdomen.– Reasons for C-section

Emergencies Size Presentation of baby Planned



• Signs and symptoms of postpartum complications– Elevated temperature– Pain– Swelling or bleeding– Foul-smelling drainage– Passage of large blood clots



• Signs and symptoms of postpartum complications (cont’d)– Breast pain or swelling– Burning when passing urine– Signs of depression or feelings of sadness

without apparent reasons