“Pamaghat and Pangontra”: A Phenomenological View on the Ethnonursing
Practices of ATIs in Sto. Domingo, Albay
Maureen F. Bigueras
Alleli R. Olayres
Ban Ki-Moon United Nation Secretary General
“The 17 Sustainable Development Goals are our shared vision of humanity
and a social contract between the
world’s leaders and the people”
The Problem
• What are the traditional practices of ATIs on herbal and charm production?
• What are the problems encountered by the ATIs related to herbal
and charm production?
• How does ATIs foresee the future of herbal medicine and charm production?
• What are the implications of ATIs’ herbal medicine and charm production to nursing program?
• What measures could be offered to the ATI community in Sto. Domingo, Albay?
• PHENOMENOLOGICAL – FOCUSED Ethnography
• 11 Households: 8 Participants
• Snowball sampling / Purposive Sampling
• Individual Interview & Focus Group Discussion
• Semi-Structured questionnaires
• Consent with the ATI Community & NCIP
• Thematic Analysis of Data
ATIs View of the Future
Implication of Herbal Medicine and Charm Production to Nursing Practice
Measures Offered
Enhanced Knowledge and Ethnonursing Practices
A. Herbal Medicines
1. PAMAGHAT
• Lagtang, Dita, Malkapara
• Malaumau, Salibadbad
• Montawi, Saging-saging
• Alibotbot, Sibukaw
2. Himag
3. Sapariya
4. Dita
5 Sinukuan
B. Charms & Pangontra
* Carmen / Red Pouch
* Bracelet
* Mutya
Problem No. 1
What are the traditional practices of ATIs on
Herbal and Charm Production?
• Headache, Dizziness
• Bughat, Tumor • Abdominal cramps • Pasma, Minimal
flow of mentruation
• Number 7 = spiritual meaning
• Soaked in Anisado or Sioktong
• Usog, Aswang
• Good fortune
PAMAGHAT HIMAG DITA
PANGONTRA
Problem 1:
FINDINGS CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION
1. HERBAL MEDICINES
• Pamaghat
• Himag
• Sapariya
• Dita
• Sinukuan
2. Charms or Pangontra
• Carmen / Red Pouch
• Bracelet
• Mutya
The life of ATIs is centered on
herbal and charm production
• Extensive biomedical studies
while protecting indigenous
knowledge
• Promotion of natural-based
treatment with no or limited
industrial process
What are the traditional practices of ATIs on
Herbal and Charm Production?
What are the Perceived Benefits and Problems encountered by the ATIs related to herbal & Charm Production?
Healthcare
Financial Aspect
Supply of Resources
Weather
Consumers’ Perception
Social Integration
Childcare
Indigenous Knowledge
& Literacy
Spiritual & Cultural
Aspect
Political Aspect
Problem No. 2
For personal & community benefit
Main Source of Income
Free from natural resources
Essential for production
Familiarity and knowledge = sales
Identity
Helper in the production
Intellectual property rights
Needed during selling of goods
Strong Spiritual traditions &
cultural heritage
Government support & acceptance
Seeking attention when disease is severe
Could barely sustain
Hardly available in Sto. Domingo, Albay
Unpredictable & health risks
Knowledge deficit on herbs & side effects
Suspicion & Discrimination
Neglected at times
Unprotected & Vulnerable from abuse
Left behind
Acculturalization
Frustrations on government promises
Problem No. 2
Healthcare
Financial Aspect
Supply of Resources
Weather
Consumers’ Perception
Social Integration
Childcare
Indigenous Knowledge &
Literacy
Spiritual & Cultural Aspect
Political Aspect
Health education (pathophysiology); networking; quality control
Livelihood trainings; Subsidy; Product development
Strengthen use and propagation of herbal plants
Free space on market stall
Information dissemination of the efficacy
Awareness of history, culture and tradition of ATIs
Child safety and security awareness
Strengthen NCIP programs in protecting the Indigenous Knowledge
Respect and promotion of cultural heritage
Community needs assessment and organizing: Program implementation &
Evaluation
How Does ATIs Foresee the Future of Herbal & Charm Production?
Problem No. 3
Findings
Relocation
Influx of other indigenous groups
Cutting of plants by land owners
Education and modern perception
of Children’s outlook
Research vs. Indigenous
Knowledge
Conclusion
Viewed both as threat &
opportunity
Perceived as competitors
Scarcity of Raw materials
Fear of losing the cultural
heritage
Piracy of Intellectual property
rights
Recommendation
Government and ATI consultation
Information dissemination &
quality improvement
Herbal propagation & ecological
protection policy
Integration of ATIs’ culture in the curriculum
Partnership and Ownership of the
Research
What are the implication of ATIs herbal medicine and charm production to the Nursing Program?
1. Evidence-based practices Lagtang (Arcangelisia flava) Berberine : antimalarial; Pachybasin: antimicrobial; antiplasmodial
Problem No. 4
Findings
Malaumau (Embelia whitfordii Merr) Tradiional: Cough, asthma, rheumatism, muscle spasms
Montawi (Salacia sp. Celestraceae) Anti-tumor-promoting agent
Banawak (Uvaria rufa Blume) Inhibits AGEs (Advanced Glycation End-products): hyperglycemia-Diabetes
Saging-saging
(Uvaria grandiflora Roxb)
Zeylenone: inhibits tumor cells, cervical carcinoma cells antibacterial activity comparable to Streptomycin
Alibotbot (Tabernaemontana pandacaqui) Alkaloidal components: anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antinociceptive
Sibukaw (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Brazilin: antithrombotic agents
Dita (Alstonia scholaris L. R. Br (Aponanneae))
Ditamine/Ditanin: antiperiodic equal to sulphate of quinine Follicles & latex extracts: antioxidant & antibacterial Hepato-protective potential mechanism Alkaloids & triterpenes: *Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma treatment
Implication to Nursing
Findings
Health
Regulation &
Quality Control
Spiritual & Cultural
Concept
Political
Problem No. 4
Conclusion
There is an evidence of effectiveness of
the herbal plants but ATIs mixtures are
yet to be proven
No quality control and regulation
Ethnonursing is assimilated with
spiritual and cultural tradition
ATIs need nurses as their advocates
Recommendation
*Rigorous Biomedical Research
*Awareness of traditions
*Nursing Assessment on herbal use
*Approval from FDA
*Organize quality control group
*Restore Transcultural Nursing subject
*Nurses as lobbyist
What measures could be offered to the ATI community in Sto. Domingo, Albay?
Healthcare Biomedical Research / Widespread programs
Finance Lobbying / Product developments
Supply of Materials Ecological preservation
Weather Market stalls / containers
Consumers’ Perception Health teachings
Social Integration Knowing & exercising their rights & protected by their advocates
Childcare Awareness campaign for care and safety of children
Indigenous Knowledge & Literacy
Alternative Learning School. ATIs own intellectual property
Compliance to NCIP policies: AO # 1 & 3
Spiritual & Cultural Concept Focus Group Discussions, CHED: Transcultural Nursing
Political Aspect Linkages
Problem No. 5
Conclusion
• Centered on herbal medicine & charm production
• Affects their holistic well-being
• Need for biomedical research
• External intervention is crucial BUT with CAUTION:
PRESERVE Indigenous Knowledge, Culture & Traditions
• The missing link? • REACHING OUT!
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