“Pamaghat and Pangontra”: A Phenomenological View on the Ethnonursing

Practices of ATIs in Sto. Domingo, Albay

Maureen F. Bigueras

Alleli R. Olayres

Ban Ki-Moon United Nation Secretary General

“The 17 Sustainable Development Goals are our shared vision of humanity

and a social contract between the

world’s leaders and the people”

The Problem

• What are the traditional practices of ATIs on herbal and charm production?

• What are the problems encountered by the ATIs related to herbal

and charm production?

• How does ATIs foresee the future of herbal medicine and charm production?

• What are the implications of ATIs’ herbal medicine and charm production to nursing program?

• What measures could be offered to the ATI community in Sto. Domingo, Albay?

• PHENOMENOLOGICAL – FOCUSED Ethnography

• 11 Households: 8 Participants

• Snowball sampling / Purposive Sampling

• Individual Interview & Focus Group Discussion

• Semi-Structured questionnaires

• Consent with the ATI Community & NCIP

• Thematic Analysis of Data

ATIs View of the Future

Implication of Herbal Medicine and Charm Production to Nursing Practice

Measures Offered

Enhanced Knowledge and Ethnonursing Practices

A. Herbal Medicines

1. PAMAGHAT

• Lagtang, Dita, Malkapara

• Malaumau, Salibadbad

• Montawi, Saging-saging

• Alibotbot, Sibukaw

2. Himag

3. Sapariya

4. Dita

5 Sinukuan

B. Charms & Pangontra

* Carmen / Red Pouch

* Bracelet

* Mutya

Problem No. 1

What are the traditional practices of ATIs on

Herbal and Charm Production?

• Headache, Dizziness

• Bughat, Tumor • Abdominal cramps • Pasma, Minimal

flow of mentruation

• Number 7 = spiritual meaning

• Soaked in Anisado or Sioktong

• Usog, Aswang

• Good fortune

PAMAGHAT HIMAG DITA

PANGONTRA

Problem 1:

FINDINGS CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION

1. HERBAL MEDICINES

• Pamaghat

• Himag

• Sapariya

• Dita

• Sinukuan

2. Charms or Pangontra

• Carmen / Red Pouch

• Bracelet

• Mutya

The life of ATIs is centered on

herbal and charm production

• Extensive biomedical studies

while protecting indigenous

knowledge

• Promotion of natural-based

treatment with no or limited

industrial process

What are the traditional practices of ATIs on

Herbal and Charm Production?

What are the Perceived Benefits and Problems encountered by the ATIs related to herbal & Charm Production?

Healthcare

Financial Aspect

Supply of Resources

Weather

Consumers’ Perception

Social Integration

Childcare

Indigenous Knowledge

& Literacy

Spiritual & Cultural

Aspect

Political Aspect

Problem No. 2

For personal & community benefit

Main Source of Income

Free from natural resources

Essential for production

Familiarity and knowledge = sales

Identity

Helper in the production

Intellectual property rights

Needed during selling of goods

Strong Spiritual traditions &

cultural heritage

Government support & acceptance

Seeking attention when disease is severe

Could barely sustain

Hardly available in Sto. Domingo, Albay

Unpredictable & health risks

Knowledge deficit on herbs & side effects

Suspicion & Discrimination

Neglected at times

Unprotected & Vulnerable from abuse

Left behind

Acculturalization

Frustrations on government promises

Problem No. 2

Healthcare

Financial Aspect

Supply of Resources

Weather

Consumers’ Perception

Social Integration

Childcare

Indigenous Knowledge &

Literacy

Spiritual & Cultural Aspect

Political Aspect

Health education (pathophysiology); networking; quality control

Livelihood trainings; Subsidy; Product development

Strengthen use and propagation of herbal plants

Free space on market stall

Information dissemination of the efficacy

Awareness of history, culture and tradition of ATIs

Child safety and security awareness

Strengthen NCIP programs in protecting the Indigenous Knowledge

Respect and promotion of cultural heritage

Community needs assessment and organizing: Program implementation &

Evaluation

How Does ATIs Foresee the Future of Herbal & Charm Production?

Problem No. 3

Findings

Relocation

Influx of other indigenous groups

Cutting of plants by land owners

Education and modern perception

of Children’s outlook

Research vs. Indigenous

Knowledge

Conclusion

Viewed both as threat &

opportunity

Perceived as competitors

Scarcity of Raw materials

Fear of losing the cultural

heritage

Piracy of Intellectual property

rights

Recommendation

Government and ATI consultation

Information dissemination &

quality improvement

Herbal propagation & ecological

protection policy

Integration of ATIs’ culture in the curriculum

Partnership and Ownership of the

Research

What are the implication of ATIs herbal medicine and charm production to the Nursing Program?

1. Evidence-based practices Lagtang (Arcangelisia flava) Berberine : antimalarial; Pachybasin: antimicrobial; antiplasmodial

Problem No. 4

Findings

Malaumau (Embelia whitfordii Merr) Tradiional: Cough, asthma, rheumatism, muscle spasms

Montawi (Salacia sp. Celestraceae) Anti-tumor-promoting agent

Banawak (Uvaria rufa Blume) Inhibits AGEs (Advanced Glycation End-products): hyperglycemia-Diabetes

Saging-saging

(Uvaria grandiflora Roxb)

Zeylenone: inhibits tumor cells, cervical carcinoma cells antibacterial activity comparable to Streptomycin

Alibotbot (Tabernaemontana pandacaqui) Alkaloidal components: anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antinociceptive

Sibukaw (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Brazilin: antithrombotic agents

Dita (Alstonia scholaris L. R. Br (Aponanneae))

Ditamine/Ditanin: antiperiodic equal to sulphate of quinine Follicles & latex extracts: antioxidant & antibacterial Hepato-protective potential mechanism Alkaloids & triterpenes: *Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma treatment

Implication to Nursing

Findings

Health

Regulation &

Quality Control

Spiritual & Cultural

Concept

Political

Problem No. 4

Conclusion

There is an evidence of effectiveness of

the herbal plants but ATIs mixtures are

yet to be proven

No quality control and regulation

Ethnonursing is assimilated with

spiritual and cultural tradition

ATIs need nurses as their advocates

Recommendation

*Rigorous Biomedical Research

*Awareness of traditions

*Nursing Assessment on herbal use

*Approval from FDA

*Organize quality control group

*Restore Transcultural Nursing subject

*Nurses as lobbyist

What measures could be offered to the ATI community in Sto. Domingo, Albay?

Healthcare Biomedical Research / Widespread programs

Finance Lobbying / Product developments

Supply of Materials Ecological preservation

Weather Market stalls / containers

Consumers’ Perception Health teachings

Social Integration Knowing & exercising their rights & protected by their advocates

Childcare Awareness campaign for care and safety of children

Indigenous Knowledge & Literacy

Alternative Learning School. ATIs own intellectual property

Compliance to NCIP policies: AO # 1 & 3

Spiritual & Cultural Concept Focus Group Discussions, CHED: Transcultural Nursing

Political Aspect Linkages

Problem No. 5

Conclusion

• Centered on herbal medicine & charm production

• Affects their holistic well-being

• Need for biomedical research

• External intervention is crucial BUT with CAUTION:

PRESERVE Indigenous Knowledge, Culture & Traditions

• The missing link? • REACHING OUT!

Thank You