EXIT
A solider stuck in barbwire Fencing.
Reason 1 – Create New Countries
Russia: Poland, Finland, Latria, Lithuania, and Estonia
Austria – Hungry: Austria, Hungry, Checkoslovaki, and Yugoslavia
Ottoman Empire: Divided up between the Allies
Reason 2 – Punishes Germany
Must take full responsibility for the war
Pay for the war – 33 billon dollars
Reason 3 – Creates the Leagues of Nations (Unites Nations, UN)
Organization of countries designed to maintain peace and stability
General Pershing lead the U.S. troops
By 1917 Germany controlled: Belgium, Italy, and France
In 1918 Russia has a revolution and they drop out of the war
Now Germany can concentrate on the Western front
By July, 1918 the U.S. have 1 million troops in the war
We cut off the German rail line which supply the German troops
We attack through the Argonne Forest. It takes 47 days and 1.2 million soldiers were cut off their supply
By October 1918 German lines are crumbling
In November the Allies have captured the high ground and Germany surrenders
The 11th hour, the 11th day, of the 11th month in 1918 the war ends.
Reason 1 – Sinking the Lusitania
The Lusitania was a passenger ship that was secretly carrying ammunition.
A German Submarine sunk the ship (U-boat)
1,198 passengers died (128 American)
President Wilson demanded that the Germans apologized and pay for damages
Reason 2 – Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Sussex Pledge
Germany promised not to sink merchant ships without first warning them and rescuing passengers
By 1917 Germany is defeating Russia on the Easter front, they want a quick victory on the Western front
To do this they used unrestricted submarine warfare
Sinking ALL ships headed towards allied Nations
Reason 3 – Zimmermann Note
Zimmermann was a German officer
He sent a letter to Mexico asking them to attack the US
In exchange he promised that Germany would aid them in retrieving some of the land that the US took from them
Militarism – Building up the Military
The Military was built for two reasons
1) Protect their colonies
2) Peer pressure
They used mandatory draft to accomplish this
Russia Had the largest army, Germany was the best trained, and Britain had the largest Navy.
Mud Rats Smell Body Rot Cold Staying Dry Maggots Lice Disease
To protect their position and to cut down on losses both sides dug trenches.
At night supplies were brought in and scouts were sent out.
At dawn/dusk attacks came: Hit them with artillery and then went over the top.
Soldiers had to go through barbwire, machinegun fire, and craters.
Nationalism – Pride In You Country
Pan-German Movement-The hope to unite all German speaking
people
Pan-Slavic-The hope to unite all Slavic (Russian
Speaking) people
EX- Bosnia – 95% speak Slavic language yet is controlled by Berman Speaking Austria
Imperialism - Competing for Colonies
European nations were competing for land
They believed “Bigger is Better”
EX – Africa, Bosnia, Allsace & Lorraine
Nationalism – Pride in your country
Imperialism – Competing for Colonies
Militarism – Building up the Military
Alliance – Forming partnership with other nations
Allies
Great BritainFranceRussia
United States
Central Powers
GermanyAustria
Ottoman Empire
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