National Building Code 2005Plumbing Requirements contained within the building code
by Robert Charney
Part 3National Building Code 2005 contains several requirements and regulations in Part 3 that pertain to plumbing systems within the building. The starting point is the classification of building occupancy.Classification of the building major use and additional uses is necessary to determine the occupant load and fire protection needs and the restriction of flammable material.
by Robert Charney
OccupanciesIn the National Building Code 2005 Division B, Part 3 section 3.1.2.1 are grouped into five major occupancies groups and various divisions
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AAssemblyDivisionsProduction and viewing of performing artsOthers not classified (restaurants, bars)ArenasOpen air gatherings (race track)
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BCare and DetentionIncludes penitentiaries, jails, psychiatric wards and special needs facilitiesDivisionsUnder restraint or limited self preservation due to security measuresCognitive or physical limitations requiring special care or treatment
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CResidentialDivisions (none)May include group homes and personal care
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DBusiness and Personal ServiceDivisions (none)insurance, hair salon, dentist, locksmith
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EMercantileDivisions (none)department stores
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FIndustrialManufacturingDivisionshigh hazardmedium hazardlow hazard
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OCCUPANT LOADIs based on occupancy designation and is determined by Part 3 section 3.1.17.1 limits the residential occupation load to 2 persons per sleeping roomotherwise determined by the floor area in square meters per person as stipulated in table 3.1.17.1
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OCCUPANT LOAD continuedThe NBC 2005 equally divides the occupant load between males and females unless it can be proven to be accurately divided proportionally different as per section 3.7.2.2(1).
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Minimum Plumbing RequirementsNBC 2005 states in Part 3 section 3.7.2.1(1) that sanitary privies, chemical closets and other means of disposing human waste shall provided in the absence of water supply system.This is an indirect statement that essential is stating that once a building has a water distribution system, it must also have a drainage system with required fixtures.
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Required Fixtures for ResidentialAre defined by NBC 2005 in statement 9.31.4.1.(1) and include a kitchen sink, lavatory, bathtub or shower and water closet.Statement 9.31.4.3.(1) includes a floor drain in the basement. Floor drains are also required in a garbage room, incinerator room or boiler room serving more than one dwelling unit in statement 9.31.4.3(2).
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Fixtures required in other OccupanciesWater closet 3.7.2.2.(1) number determined as per occupancy statementWater closet substitution 3.7.2.2.(5) two thirds rule for urinalsLavatory 3.7.2.3.(1) two WC to one lavatory rule Floor drain 3.7.2.7.(1) for auto flush urinal
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Water Closets the Starting PointSection 3.7.2.2.(4) of the NBC 2005 states that both sexes may be served by a single water closet if the occupant load is 10 or less.Every dwelling requires a water closet as per statement 3.7.2.2(11). Additional required water closets are determined by code statements based on occupancy and occupant load.
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Water Closet DeterminationGroup A---Assembly table as per 3.7.2.2.AGroup B---Care and Detention as per statement 3.7.2.2(9) Group C---Residential statement 3.7.2.2(10) Group D---Business and Personal Service as per table 3.7.2.2.B Group E---Mercantile as per statement 3.7.2.2(13) Group F---Industrial as per table 3.7.2.2.C Primary schools and day care as per statement 3.7.2.2(7) Worship and Undertaking as per statement 3.7.2.2.(8)
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Universal DesignThe NBC 2005 intention is to have washroom facilities accessible to both sexes of persons with disabilities (section 3.8 universal) however dwelling units including homes, semi detached, duplex, triplex, town houses, row houses and boarding houses are exempt as per 3.8.1.1(1). Those buildings that incorporate a universal design washroom may reduce the occupant load by 10 before applying the appropriate determination statement.
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Major Occupancy Classifications
A-3.1.2.1.(1) The following are examples of major occupancy classifications described in table 3.1.2.1
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Group A, Division 1 ASSEMBLY
Motion picture theatersOpera housesTelevision studios admitting a viewing audienceTheaters, including experimental theaters
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Group A, Division 2 ASSEMBLY
Art galleriesAuditoriaBowling alleysChurches and similar places of worshipClubs, nonresidentialCommunity hallsCourtroomsDance hallsExhibition hallsGymnasiaLecture hallsLibrariesLicensed beverage establishmentsMuseumsPassenger stations and depotsRecreational piersRestaurantsSchools and colleges, nonresidentialUndertaking premises
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Group A Division 3 ASSEMBLY
ArenasIndoor swimming pools, with or without spectator seatingRinks
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Group A Division 4 ASSEMBLY
Amusement park structures (not elsewhere classified)BleachersGrandstandsReviewing standsStadia
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Group B Division 1 CARE AND DETENTION
JailsPenitentiariesPolice stations with detention quartersPrisonsPsychiatric hospitals with detention quartersReformatories with detention quarters
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Group B Division 2 CARE AND DETENTION
Childrens custodial homesConvalescent homesHospitalsInfirmariesNursing homesOrphanagesPsychiatric hospitals without detention quartersReformatories without detention quartersSanatoria without detention quarters
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Group C RESIDENTIAL
ApartmentsBoarding housesClubs, residentialColleges, residentialConventsDormitoriesHotelsHousesLodging housesMonasteriesMotelsSchools, residential
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Group D BUSINESS and PERSONAL SERVICE
BanksBarber and hairdressing shopsBeauty parlorsDental officesDry cleaning establishments, self serve, not using flammablesLaundries, self serveMedical officesOfficesPolice stations without detention quartersRadio stationsSmall tool and appliance rental and service establishments
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Group EMERCANTILE
Department storesExhibition hallsMarketsShopsStoresSupermarkets
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Group F, Division 1 INDUSTRIAL
Bulk plants for flammable liquidsBulk storage warehouses for hazardous substancesCereal millsChemical manufacturing or processing plantsDistilleriesDry cleaning plantsFeed millsFlour millsGrain elevatorsLacquer factoriesMattress factoriesPaint, varnish and pyroxylin product factoriesRubber processing plantsSpray painting operationsWaste paper processing plants
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Group F, Division 2INDUSTRIAL
Aircraft hangersBox factoriesCandy plantsCold storage plantsDry cleaning establishments not using flammable solventsElectrical substationsFactoriesFreight depotsHelicopter landing areas on roofsLaboratoriesLaundries, except self serveMattress factoriesPlaning millsPrinting plantsRepair garagesSalesroomsService stationsStorage roomsTelevision studios not admitting viewing audienceWarehousesWholesale roomsWoodworking factoriesWorkshops
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Group F, Division 3INDUSTRIAL
CreameriesFactoriesLaboratoriesPower plantsSalesroomsSample display roomsStorage garages, including open air parking garagesStorage roomsWarehousesWorkshops
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Fire Separation and Fire Stopping
Articles in Part 3 section 3.1.3.1 and 3.2.8.2.thru 3.2.8.9 describe some of the requirements regarding non combustible construction and smoke and fire resistance limitations. Part 3 section 3.1.5.17 describes combustible plumbing fixtures use in a non combustible constructed building.Articles in Part 3 section 3.1.9.1 and 3.1.9.4 describes fire separation penetration fire stopping requirements.
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STANDPIPEFirefighting requirements are described beginning in section 3.2.5.7 for buildings more than 3 stories in height.
by Robert Charney
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