GoaGoa MalaccaMalacca OrmuzOrmuz BataviaBatavia LuzonLuzon MindanaoMindanao CantonCanton Macao Macao
EdoEdo DeshimaDeshima Asian Sea Trading Asian Sea Trading
Network: [Zones]Network: [Zones]•Arab – Indian - Arab – Indian - ChineseChinese
FactoriesFactories Dutch Trading Dutch Trading
EmpireEmpire
Francis XavierFrancis Xavier Robert DiNobiliRobert DiNobili ZhengheZhenghe Matteo RicciMatteo Ricci Adam SchallAdam Schall NobunagaNobunaga Toyoto HideyoshiToyoto Hideyoshi HongwuHongwu ChongzhenChongzhen
School of National Learning
Caravel Mercantilism Friars Manchu Treaty of Gihanti
What contributions did the Ming What contributions did the Ming Dynasty make toward Dynasty make toward exploration?exploration?
How did the Ming eliminate the How did the Ming eliminate the influences of the Mongols?influences of the Mongols?
How did Zhu Di’s successor’s How did Zhu Di’s successor’s isolationist policies undermine isolationist policies undermine China’s role in the global China’s role in the global community?community?
Centralized government control•Rebuilt wall to resist Mongol incursions
•Restored cultural traditions
DeclineDecline•Pirates on the east Pirates on the east coastcoast
•Corruption & Corruption & inefficiency of inefficiency of eunuchseunuchs
•Famines & peasant Famines & peasant rebellionsrebellions
•Manchu invasion – Manchu invasion – emperor suicideemperor suicideEmperor ChongzhenEmperor Chongzhen
The ManchuThe ManchuOriginally pastoral nomadsOriginally pastoral nomads
•Captured Korea & Manchuria Captured Korea & Manchuria Then ChinaThen China
Kangxi (1661-1722)Kangxi (1661-1722)•Enlightened ruler Enlightened ruler •Confucian scholarConfucian scholar•Conquered Taiwan, Conquered Taiwan, Mongolia, Tibet & Mongolia, Tibet & CentralCentral Asia Asia
Period of expansionPeriod of expansion
Qianlong (1736-95)Qianlong (1736-95)• Sophisticated, Sophisticated,
learned manlearned man• Brought Vietnam, Brought Vietnam,
Burma, & Nepal as Burma, & Nepal as vassal statesvassal states
China enjoyed China enjoyed peace, prosperity, & peace, prosperity, & powerpower
Son of HeavenSon of Heaven•The EmperorThe Emperor•Privileged lifePrivileged life•Awesome Awesome authorityauthority
•Unrestricted Unrestricted powerpower
Scholar/BureaucratsScholar/Bureaucrats•Academic Academic professionalsprofessionals
•Rigorous civil Rigorous civil service examsservice exams
•Long preparation Long preparation for thesefor these
First passed district examsFirst passed district exams•These became tutors & teachersThese became tutors & teachers
Then provincial examsThen provincial exams•These held government These held government positionspositions
Promoted upward social mobilityPromoted upward social mobility Years of studying Confucianism Years of studying Confucianism
molded the values of candidatesmolded the values of candidates
To enrich your family, there is no To enrich your family, there is no need to buy good land: need to buy good land: Books hold a thousand measures Books hold a thousand measures of grain. of grain. For an easy life, there is no need For an easy life, there is no need to build mansion: to build mansion: In books are found houses of In books are found houses of gold. gold. When you go out, do not be upset When you go out, do not be upset if no one follows you: if no one follows you: In books there will be a crowd of In books there will be a crowd of horses and carriages. horses and carriages. If you wish to marry, don't be If you wish to marry, don't be upset if you don't have a go-upset if you don't have a go-between: between: In books there are girls with faces In books there are girls with faces like jade. like jade. A young man who wishes to be A young man who wishes to be somebody somebody will devote his time to the will devote his time to the Classics. Classics. He will face the window and read. He will face the window and read.
The Song Emperor, RenzongThe Song Emperor, Renzong
Filial PietyFilial Piety Duties:Duties:
• Children to fatherChildren to father• Subject to Subject to
EmperorEmperor Important to Important to
functions of clanfunctions of clan
Gender RelationsGender Relations Patrilineal Patrilineal
• Favored boysFavored boys• Males inheritMales inherit
PatriarchalPatriarchal• Male authorityMale authority
Foot bindingFoot binding• More prominentMore prominent
American food American food crops impact growthcrops impact growth• Maize – sweet Maize – sweet
potatoes - potatoes - peanutspeanuts
Increased:Increased:• 100 M in 1500100 M in 1500• 225 M in 1750225 M in 1750 America has nearly America has nearly
300 M 300 M todaytoday
Trade from Trade from New SpainNew SpainTo East Asia To East Asia via the via the PhilippinesPhilippines
Foreign Trade Export vast
quantities• Silk• Porcelain• Lacquer ware • Tea
Compensate exports by importing silver
Government & Technology• Trade under tight
government control
Favored stability over technological innovation• Large # skilled
workers inhibited technological innovation
Jesuit > Matteo Ricci & Adam Schall Dazzled Chinese with European science Clocks, harpsichords, prisms, math & astronomy
Very tolerant of Chinese traditions Few converts Franciscans & Dominicans critical
Pope sided with them Kangxi ordered end of Christianity
in China
Exposed China to Exposed China to •European science and European science and technologytechnology
Exposed Europe to Exposed Europe to •civil service exam systemcivil service exam system•rational morality of rational morality of ConfucianismConfucianism
•Could this have impacted Could this have impacted the European the European Enlightenment?Enlightenment?
Nobunaga Nobunaga •Originally unified HonshuOriginally unified Honshu
Toyotomi HideyoshiToyotomi Hideyoshi•Tried to expand beyond Tried to expand beyond Japan and challenge Spain Japan and challenge Spain in the Philippinesin the Philippines The first hint of Japanese intensions The first hint of Japanese intensions beyond their home beyond their home islands.islands.
Tokugawa leyasuTokugawa leyasu•Unifier,Unifier,•descendents descendents ruled until 1867ruled until 1867Capital: EdoCapital: EdoTokoyo Tokoyo
•Defacto RulerDefacto Ruler
Controlled Daimyo:Controlled Daimyo:• BAKUFUBAKUFU military military
governmentgovernment Japanese name for Japanese name for
what westerners what westerners call Shogunatecall Shogunate
Alternate Alternate attendance attendance
Daimyo family Daimyo family marriages by marriages by approval of Bakufuapproval of Bakufu
DaimyoDaimyo
NoblesNobles SamuraiSamurai
Shinto PriestsShinto Priests
Peasant FarmersPeasant Farmers
ArtisansArtisans
MerchantsMerchants
Laborers / RoninLaborers / Ronin
Aristocracy Aristocracy
CommonersCommoners
ShogunShogunEmperor = FigureheadEmperor = Figurehead
GI -GI -Honesty and JusticeHonesty and Justice
YU - YU - Heroic Heroic CourageCourageJIN - JIN - CompassionCompassion
REI - REI - Polite Polite CourtesyCourtesyMEYO - MEYO - HonorHonor
MAKOTO - MAKOTO - Complete SincerityComplete Sincerity
CHUGO - CHUGO - Duty and LoyaltyDuty and Loyalty
"The way of the samurai is found in "The way of the samurai is found in death."death."------Hagakure Hagakure (from the code of bushido)(from the code of bushido)
ISOLATIONISTISOLATIONIST Strict control of Strict control of
trade trade • Only open port at Only open port at
Deshima in Deshima in Nagasaki BayNagasaki Bay
Never completely Never completely successfulsuccessful
POPULATION POPULATION GROWTHGROWTH
Agricultural Agricultural production production doubled 1600-doubled 1600-17001700
1/3 pop. Increase1/3 pop. Increase Population control:Population control:
• contraceptioncontraception• infanticide infanticide • late marriagelate marriage• abortionabortion
Social ChangeSocial Change• By 1800sBy 1800s• Social peace changed Social peace changed
warrior [samurai] warrior [samurai] rolesroles many had financial many had financial problemsproblems
• Merchants b/c Merchants b/c prominentprominent controlled more $ controlled more $ than ruling elitethan ruling elite
Neo-Confucianism Neo-Confucianism •official ideology of Tokugawaofficial ideology of Tokugawa
Native LearningNative Learning•Scorned it as outside influenceScorned it as outside influence•Sought debate on Japanese Sought debate on Japanese identityidentity
Floating WorldsFloating Worlds•urban centers, entertainment urban centers, entertainment & pleasure quarters, & pleasure quarters, teahouses, theaters, brothels, teahouses, theaters, brothels, public bathspublic baths
Kabuki & Bunraku become Kabuki & Bunraku become popularpopular• theater & puppet theatertheater & puppet theater
JesuitsJesuits• Francis Xavier Francis Xavier & Adam Schall& Adam Schall
Remarkable initial Remarkable initial successsuccess
Anti-Christian Anti-Christian campaigncampaign
Popularity alarmed Popularity alarmed ShogunShogun
Buddhists & Buddhists & Confucians resentedConfucians resented
Shogun campaigns;Shogun campaigns;• 10 K lives lost10 K lives lost
Shogun impressed with Dutch Shogun impressed with Dutch learninglearning• Based upon science w/o religious Based upon science w/o religious
undertonesundertones Tokugawa lifted ban on foreign booksTokugawa lifted ban on foreign books European influences on Japan:European influences on Japan:
• artart• medicinemedicine• sciencescience
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