Which Elements Make up the Earths crust? the top 8
Slide 3
How can it be that #1 element in Earths crust is OXYGEN (a gas)
and #2 element in Earths crust is SILICON (a metalloid) And Earths
crust is SOLID ? The silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (SiO 4 ) - ion
Slide 4
The largest group of minerals (90% of all rock forming minerals
are silicates!) Feldspar (K,Ca,Na)AlSi 3 O 8 Quartz, SiO 2 silica
sand Silicates Group
Slide 5
The silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (SiO 4 ) - ion Combines with
many + ions in many ways to form many different silicate
minerals.
Slide 6
Silicates are divided by color Ferromagnesium Iron or magnesium
metal Non-ferromagnesium Does NOT contain iron or magnesium
Slide 7
Other Silicates Olivine (Mg, Fe) 2 SiO 4 ZirconZrSiO 4 TopazAl
2 SiO 4 (F,OH) 2 Beryl (emerald) Be 3 Al 2 Si 6 O 18 Mica KAl 2
(AlSi 3 )O 10 (OH) 2 K Feldspar KAlSi 3 O 8 Talc Mg 3 Si 4 O 10
(OH) 2
Slide 8
Other mineral groups The CARBONATES Calcium carbonateCaCO 3
Calcite is pure calcium carbonate Limestone Dolomite Fizzes in
acid
Slide 9
Halides Halides contain chlorine, fluorine, bromine F, Cl, Br,
I Common examples include salt (halite) NaCl fluorite (our state
mineral) CaF 2
Slide 10
Oxides Oxide minerals are made up of oxygen and one or more
metals. Hematite: is an iron oxide, of Fe 2 O 3 Hematite is used in
pigments and as an iron ore. Limonite, another iron oxide, Fe 2 O 3
(nH 2 O) Hematite Fe 2 O 3 Fe 3 O 4
Slide 11
Sulfides Sulfide minerals contain sulfur and a metal Pyrite:
iron and sulfur FeS 2 It is used in sulfuric acid, explosives,
fertilizers and insecticides. Galena: lead and sulfur PbS It is
used in auto batteries, solder, ammunition, and paint.
Slide 12
Sulfates Sulfate minerals contain sulfur and oxygen (SO 4 )
combined with other elements. Common sulfate minerals include:
gypsum CaSO 4 used in drywall and plaster of paris barite BaSO 4
used in paint, paper and textiles
Slide 13
Native Minerals
Slide 14
MineralGroup Specific gravity High or low IF a silicate,
Ferromagnesian or Non-ferromagnesian 1. CaCO 3 2. Cu 2 O 3. FeCO 3
4. Al 2 O 3 5. SiO 2 6. PbS 7. FeO 2 8. (Mg) 2 SiO 4 9. CaSO 4 10.
BaSO 4 11. CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 12. Fe 3 O 4
Slide 15
Bell work: (a.k.a.) the week in review 1.List 3 properties to
identify minerals: 2.90% of minerals contain this compund? name
this molecule 3. What is this mineral? 4. Whats the most abundant
element in the earths crust? 5. How does cooling rate determine
crystal SIZE?
Slide 16
5-4-3-2-1 Home work! List the 5 characteristics of a mineral
Describe 4 factors and how they effect crystal size Describe 3 ways
that mineral form Diagram 2 polymorph forms of carbon Name the 1
most abundant mineral group in the earths crust