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Mineral Groups Section 5.4

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Which Elements Make up the Earths crust? the top 8

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How can it be that #1 element in Earths crust is OXYGEN (a gas) and #2 element in Earths crust is SILICON (a metalloid) And Earths crust is SOLID ? The silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (SiO 4 ) - ion

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The largest group of minerals (90% of all rock forming minerals are silicates!) Feldspar (K,Ca,Na)AlSi 3 O 8 Quartz, SiO 2 silica sand Silicates Group

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The silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (SiO 4 ) - ion Combines with many + ions in many ways to form many different silicate minerals.

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Silicates are divided by color Ferromagnesium Iron or magnesium metal Non-ferromagnesium Does NOT contain iron or magnesium

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Other Silicates Olivine (Mg, Fe) 2 SiO 4 ZirconZrSiO 4 TopazAl 2 SiO 4 (F,OH) 2 Beryl (emerald) Be 3 Al 2 Si 6 O 18 Mica KAl 2 (AlSi 3 )O 10 (OH) 2 K Feldspar KAlSi 3 O 8 Talc Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2

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Other mineral groups The CARBONATES Calcium carbonateCaCO 3 Calcite is pure calcium carbonate Limestone Dolomite Fizzes in acid

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Halides Halides contain chlorine, fluorine, bromine F, Cl, Br, I Common examples include salt (halite) NaCl fluorite (our state mineral) CaF 2

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Oxides Oxide minerals are made up of oxygen and one or more metals. Hematite: is an iron oxide, of Fe 2 O 3 Hematite is used in pigments and as an iron ore. Limonite, another iron oxide, Fe 2 O 3 (nH 2 O) Hematite Fe 2 O 3 Fe 3 O 4

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Sulfides Sulfide minerals contain sulfur and a metal Pyrite: iron and sulfur FeS 2 It is used in sulfuric acid, explosives, fertilizers and insecticides. Galena: lead and sulfur PbS It is used in auto batteries, solder, ammunition, and paint.

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Sulfates Sulfate minerals contain sulfur and oxygen (SO 4 ) combined with other elements. Common sulfate minerals include: gypsum CaSO 4 used in drywall and plaster of paris barite BaSO 4 used in paint, paper and textiles

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Native Minerals

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MineralGroup Specific gravity High or low IF a silicate, Ferromagnesian or Non-ferromagnesian 1. CaCO 3 2. Cu 2 O 3. FeCO 3 4. Al 2 O 3 5. SiO 2 6. PbS 7. FeO 2 8. (Mg) 2 SiO 4 9. CaSO 4 10. BaSO 4 11. CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 12. Fe 3 O 4

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Bell work: (a.k.a.) the week in review 1.List 3 properties to identify minerals: 2.90% of minerals contain this compund? name this molecule 3. What is this mineral? 4. Whats the most abundant element in the earths crust? 5. How does cooling rate determine crystal SIZE?

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5-4-3-2-1 Home work! List the 5 characteristics of a mineral Describe 4 factors and how they effect crystal size Describe 3 ways that mineral form Diagram 2 polymorph forms of carbon Name the 1 most abundant mineral group in the earths crust