© The Terma Group 2016
Militærprodukter vs. kommercielle produkter- og hvordan det ikke kun handler om MIL-standarder
© The Terma Group 2016 16 November 2016 2
Michael Andersen
Senior Technical Product Manager, Radar, Programs & Systems
Member of ETSI, EuroCAE, SPM
Terma A/S
Hovmarken 4, 8520 Lystrup, Denmark
E [email protected] T +45 2344 8454
© The Terma Group 2016© The Terma Group 2016
Command, Control& Sensor Systems
Command and control systems for naval and air defense and protection of critical infrastructure. Radars for small target detection in extreme weather conditions.
Space
All phases of space missions’ lifecycle, from feasibility studies, realization, and operation, to the exploitation of results.
Airborne Systems
Advanced combat proven airborne solutions.
Global Support & Services
Through Life Support: Maintenance planning and execution, periodic health checks, service sales, test equipment, and consumables.
The Business Areas
16 November 2016 3
Aerostructures
Advanced composite and metal structures for commercial and military aircraft.
503,318
406,622104,769
316,881
154,410
Revenue per BA
MDKK
SPD
AES
GSS
ASY
CCS
© The Terma Group 2016© The Terma Group 2016
Command, Control & Sensor Systems
16 November 2016 4
The world’s largest supplier of surveillance radars
Our Surface Movement Radar systems provide ground safety in 140 airports in over
40 countries. More than 2,500 SCANTER radar systems around the world improve
safety at airports, harbors, coast lines, wind farms, and at sea. 2,500+worldwideradar installations
© The Terma Group 2016© The Terma Group 2016
Command, Control & Sensor Systems
16 November 2016 5
Protecting the Maritime Domain
Our Command, Control & Sensor systems help maritime and naval forces plan,
coordinate, and execute missions with increased effectiveness. Terma’s CCS
solutions secure the maritime domain and contribute to efficient and safe execution
of maritime operations.
© The Terma Group 2016© The Terma Group 2016
Command, Control & Sensor Systems
16 November 2016 6
Critical Infrastructure Protection – T.react CIP
Terma’s T.react CIP is the world’s most advanced intelligent wide area perimeter
detection solution. T.React CIP provides a single coherent surveillance image of
activities in a given area. T.react CIP provides security, situational awareness, and
control.
© The Terma Group 2016© The Terma Group 2016
Airborne Systems
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Survivability – Terma protects the lives of pilots
The Terma aircraft self-protection solutions are fielded internationally on more than
2,500 military aircraft – of which 1,000 are U.S. Our systems help keep the pilot safe
whether it is a transportation aircraft flying humanitarian aid, a fighter jet or a
helicopter supporting troops on international missions.
PHOTO COURTESY OF KIM HANSEN
Fielded on
2,500+ military aircraft
• Aircraft self-protection Systems• 3D-Audio and Active Noise Reduction• Applied Aerostructures• Electronic Manufacturing Services
© The Terma Group 2016© The Terma Group 2016
Aerostructures
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Terma is part of the world’s largest industrial project
Terma manufactures advanced composite and metal aerostructures for the F-35
Joint Strike Fighter, including leading edges, tail skins, fuselage panels, gun pod, and
air-to-ground pylons. Terma is a major strategic supplier to the program and provides
world-class, high-tech solutions at competitive prices and conditions.
PHOTO COURTESY OF LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTICS
AIR-TO-GROUND PYLONS
GUN POD – DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE
CENTER FUSELAGE PANELS
RADAR ELECTRONICS
TEST PODS
LEADING EDGES
TAIL SKINS & SPARS
14,000+F-16 pylonsdelivered
© The Terma Group 2016
COTS og MIL
16 November 2016 9
• Militære kunder har færre penge end før
• Den teknologiske udvikling er ikke længere drevet af militære behov
• Militæret ønsker også fordelene ved den rivende teknologiudvikling indenfor IT & tele
Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) produkter
• Civile styresystemer som f.eks. Linux eller Java
• Civil hardware ( processorer / PC’er / komponenter )
MEN
Der er stadig et behov for at leve op til det miljø som et produkt møder i militær anvendelse !
© The Terma Group 2016
CE mærkning af MIL produkter ?
16 November 2016 10
Behov for CE mærkning af militære produkter blev uddybet af den europæiskekommission April 2012 med følgende statement:
“Equipment which falls within the scope of the R&TTE Directive, EMC Directive or Low Voltage Directive, shall be compliant with the applicable Directive(s) and bear CE marking.”
Dvs. det er scope i de individuelle direktiver som tæller:• LVD, EMCD har ingen undtagelse for militært udstyr• RED har undtagelser for rent militære og national sikkerheds-anvendelser
MEN: CE mærkning betyder ikke nødvendigvis efter civile standarder !
Men det betyder at direktiverne skal være opfyldt (LVD, EMC osv.)• Dette er dog et omstridt punkt idet MIL-verdenen ikke kan lide visse dele af
de civile krav. f.eks:• RoHS-kompatible overfladebehandlinger• Sikkerhed tænkes der relativt mindre på i militære produkter ifht. civile
© The Terma Group 2016
Civil kontra militære kunder/produkter
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Civil Godkendelse Militær godkendelse
Producent Producent
Myndighed / Certificering / Godkendelse Kunde
Kunde
I den militære verden kan man ofte nøjes med at tilfredsstille kundens krav til test og dokumentation.
Modsat i den civile verden hvor man for at markedsføre skal leve op til en mængde myndighedskrav, certificeringer, godkendelser mm.
© The Terma Group 2016
Civil kontra militære kunder/produkter
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I den militære verden arbejder man efter et kravssæt som kunden vælger
• Nogen kalder de militære design-håndbøger ud (f.eks. MIL-HDBK-454) som refererer til hele hierarkiet af MIL-Standarder - > den er lidt træls �
• Andre angiver nogle specifikke standarder de ønsker overholdt
Man bruger ikke nødvendigvis nyeste version af en MIL standard !
• Ofte er et skib eller fly designet efter en bestemt revision af standarden og man siger at det er det miljø man skal designe til
• F16 er oprindeligt designet efter MIL-STD-461C – så mange reservedele og upgraderingerbruger stadig denne
• Vi har kontrakter til militære skibe som ønskes til bestemte revisioner af MIL-STD-461
Militære produkter har ofte ikke lige så høje krav til sikkerhed som civile
• Her er civile standarder klart mere fremskredne
Der er mange forskellige lande med egne MIL standarder !
• Hvilke der er aktuelle afhænger af kunden
© The Terma Group 2016
Opkvalificering af kommercielle produkter
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• Kunne være højere EMC indstrålingskrav for udendørs udstyr (200 V/m i visse sammenhæng)
• Temperaturområde (varmere/koldere/fugtigere driftsmiljø mm.)
• Mekaniske krav (f.eks. shock-test)
Ruggedizing af civilt udstyr til militært brug
• Gennemføre tilpasninger i produktet som støttelimning, indkapsling, forbedret køling, tilpassede filtre osv.
Screening af civilt udstyr til militært brug
• En anden metode er at udføre en screening – teste om individuelle varer opfylder testkrav
- Dette anvendes ofte på civile elektroniske komponenter
Ofte vil man kunne sælge et civilt produkt til militære kunder ved at indføre nogle tillægskrav / Specielle miljøkrav
© The Terma Group 2016
Overview of Some Relevant Standards
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Environment StandardsCivillian Maritime Environment -> IMO resolutions -> IEC 60945Military Naval Environment Standards
• We mosty use MIL-STD-810• There are also:
• STANAG 4370• UK MoD Defence Standard 00-35• French GAM EG 13• And many other local standards
EMC Standards• IEC 60945 (the most used for Terma radar products)• MIL-STD-461 (tougher to pass than 945 or CE-mark – especially outdoor req.)• Def Stan 59-411
Power Supply Standards• IEC 60945 (maritime operation – most used for Terma radars)• MIL-STD-1399 / STANAG 1008 (Naval Power Supply Interface)• MIL-STD-704 (Military Aircraft)• MIL-STD-1275 (28VDC in Military Vehicles)
System Design Standards• MIL-HDBK-454 General Guidelines for Electronic Equipment• MIL-HDBK-5400 Airborne Equipment
© The Terma Group 2016
Comparison between EMC-standardsIEC-60945 and MIL-STD-461 (Naval category)
- IEC60945 requirements correspond to IEC61000-6-2/IEC61000-6-3 levels
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© The Terma Group 2016
Comparison between EMC-standards IEC-60945 and MIL-STD-461
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© The Terma Group 2016
Comparison between EMC-standards IEC-60945 and MIL-STD-461
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Standards applicable per IEC standards MIL-STD-461E
Requirements for Surface Ships
Name of Test
Test Method
Actual Test levels for the
Scanter 6002
Name of Test
Level and Limit
Comparison
Imm
un
ity
Electrostatic Discharge
IEC 61000-4-2
±4kV Contact discharge
±8kV Air discharge n/a n/a
Not covered in MIL-461E
Magnetic fields
IEC 61000-4-8
50/60Hz
30A/m RS101
30Hz – 100kHz
170 -> 110 dBpT
MIL exceeds IEC requirements in terms of frequency range and level
Radiated Susceptibility
IEC 61000-4-3
80 % AM, 400Hz
80MHz – 2GHz : 10 V/m
2,0Hz – 2,7GHz : 1 V/m
RS103
2MHz – 18GHz
10V/m (internal)
200V/m (external)
MIL exceeds IEC requirements in terms of frequency range and level.
Electrical Fast Transient
IEC 61000-4-4
AC power-port ± 2 kV
Signal & data lines ± 2 kV
(Only wires >3m)
n/a n/a Not covered in MIL-461E
Surge Transients
IEC 61000-4-5
±2kV AC line/earth ±1kV AC line/line ±1kV Signal lines – Open circuit
n/a n/a Not covered in MIL-461E
Conducted Susceptibility
IEC 61000-4-6
AC power:
10 VRMS 80 % AM
150kHz – 80MHz
CS101
30Hz-150kHz
136 -> 106.5 dBuV injected
(6.3 -> 0.2V)
Frequency range and test-level covered by the CE requirement is superior to the MIL-461-E.
Sep. earth con:
10 VRMS 80 % AM
150kHz – 80MHz
Signal & data:
10 VRMS 80 % M
150kHz – 80MHz
(only cables > 3 m)
Voltage Dips and Interruptions
IEC 61000-4-11
0% Volt. For 20ms (1 cycle) 40% Volt./200ms (@ 50Hz) 70% Volt./500ms (@ 50Hz) 0 % Volt./5s (@ 50Hz) ±10% Freq. for 5s (IEC60945 req)
±20% Volt. For 1,5s (IEC60945 reg)
n/a n/a Not covered in MIL-461E
© The Terma Group 2016
Comparison between EMC-standards IEC-60945 and MIL-STD-461
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Standards applicable per IEC standards MIL-461E Requirements
for Surface Ships
Name of Test
Test Method
Actual Test levels for the
Scanter 6002
Name of
Test Level and Limit Comparison
Em
iss
ion
Current Harmonics
IEC 61000-3-2
See Error! Reference source not found.1 and Error! Reference source not found.2 below
n/a n/a Not covered in MIL-461E
Voltage Fluctuations
IEC 61000-3-3
Induced mains voltage fluctuations and flicker, 0-2kHz
n/a n/a Not covered in MIL-461E
Conducted Emission
CISPR 16-2-1
CISPR 16-1-2
Freq. range 150kHz-30MHz
Meas. BW 9 kHz, Quasi Peak
150 – 500kHz : 66-56 dBuV
0,5 – 5MHz : 56 dBuV
5 – 30MHz : 60 dBuV
CE102
10kHz – 10MHz
Limits depend on AC voltage (230V after isolation transformer/440V before).
MIL exceeds IEC requirements in terms of lower frequency range; IEC requirements exceeds MIL requirements in higher frequency range. Levels are in same area.
Conducted Emission (Ant. teminal)
ITU-1541
ITU-329
6 – 26 GHz
-82dBc spurious CE106 6 - 40 GHz
-80dBc spurious Comparable limits
Radiated Emission
n/a n/a RE101
Magnetic field 30Hz-100kHz
160 -> 76 dBpT
No IEC requirements on magnetic field except “Compass safe distance”.
CISPR 16-2-3
Freq. range:
30MHz-1000MHz.
Measuring BW 120 kHz, 10m
30-230MHz: 30 dBµV/m
230-1000MHz: 37 dBµV/m
RE102
Electric field 10kHz-18GHz
100 -> 36 -> 82
dBµV/m (V-shape in frequency)
MIL exceeds IEC requirements in terms of frequency range.
However, requirements for higher frequencies on antenna port handled via ITU spectrum recommendations.
Harmonic Currents(equip. <16A)
© The Terma Group 2016
MIL-STD-461G – Whats New
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FFT Receivers Are Now Permitted For Use• FFT techniques provide a significant reduction in measurement time over conventional
analyzers and receivers, and can be used to capture frequency agile signals that jump around in a designated frequency band
• The bandwidth and measurement time table has been updated accordingly
Interconnecting cable routing now specified for floor standing equipment• Specific cabling requirements for equipment setups in order to help standardize RF coupling
paths
• More types of equipment cabinet types included
Test Method CS106 (Transients Power Leads) has been removed• Test method CS106 has been removed from the applicable test requirements for Navy ships
and submarines
Addition of Test Method CS117• Conducted Susceptibility, Lightning Induced Transients, Cables and Power Leads
© The Terma Group 2016
MIL-STD-461G – Whats New
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Addition of Test Method CS118
• Personnel Borne Electrostatic Discharge based upon IEC 61000-4-2
Test Method CS114 Conducted Susceptibility
• Field calibration procedure and verification check updated
• Updates to measurement method of bulk cable injection (now inductively coupled)
Test Methods RE102 and RS103 Technical Updates
• MIL-STD-461G now requires testing to 18 GHz regardless of the EUT’s highest generated frequency or installation platforms
• RE102 now includes new antenna positioning requirements above 200 MHz for free-standing and tall equipment
Test Method CE106 (Conducted Emissions Antenna Terminal) updated
• New definition of the used band where transmissions are allowed (for a radio transmitter)
• Updated requirements for 2nd and 3rd harmonics
© The Terma Group 2016
MIL-STD-810 Common Misconceptions
16 November 2016 33
Common misconceptions:• ”Compliant to MIL-STD-810” means nothing without referring to Use Category /
Climatic Category
• MIL-STD-810 does not neccesarily mean tougher than civillian testing
Practical Approach:• ”Translate” existing requirements into the MIL-STD-810 world• Specify MIL-STD-810 categories from begin
• Market survey / costomer needs• Likely markets / climate zones / uses
• Important to make requirement work BEFORE design !
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