Militærprodukter vs. kommercielle produkter - DELTA...

© The Terma Group 2016

Militærprodukter vs. kommercielle produkter- og hvordan det ikke kun handler om MIL-standarder

© The Terma Group 2016 16 November 2016 2

Michael Andersen

Senior Technical Product Manager, Radar, Programs & Systems

Member of ETSI, EuroCAE, SPM

Terma A/S

Hovmarken 4, 8520 Lystrup, Denmark

E [email protected] T +45 2344 8454

© The Terma Group 2016© The Terma Group 2016

Command, Control& Sensor Systems

Command and control systems for naval and air defense and protection of critical infrastructure. Radars for small target detection in extreme weather conditions.

Space

All phases of space missions’ lifecycle, from feasibility studies, realization, and operation, to the exploitation of results.

Airborne Systems

Advanced combat proven airborne solutions.

Global Support & Services

Through Life Support: Maintenance planning and execution, periodic health checks, service sales, test equipment, and consumables.

The Business Areas

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Aerostructures

Advanced composite and metal structures for commercial and military aircraft.

503,318

406,622104,769

316,881

154,410

Revenue per BA

MDKK

SPD

AES

GSS

ASY

CCS


Command, Control & Sensor Systems

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The world’s largest supplier of surveillance radars

Our Surface Movement Radar systems provide ground safety in 140 airports in over

40 countries. More than 2,500 SCANTER radar systems around the world improve

safety at airports, harbors, coast lines, wind farms, and at sea. 2,500+worldwideradar installations



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Protecting the Maritime Domain

Our Command, Control & Sensor systems help maritime and naval forces plan,

coordinate, and execute missions with increased effectiveness. Terma’s CCS

solutions secure the maritime domain and contribute to efficient and safe execution

of maritime operations.



16 November 2016 6

Critical Infrastructure Protection – T.react CIP

Terma’s T.react CIP is the world’s most advanced intelligent wide area perimeter

detection solution. T.React CIP provides a single coherent surveillance image of

activities in a given area. T.react CIP provides security, situational awareness, and

control.


Airborne Systems

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Survivability – Terma protects the lives of pilots

The Terma aircraft self-protection solutions are fielded internationally on more than

2,500 military aircraft – of which 1,000 are U.S. Our systems help keep the pilot safe

whether it is a transportation aircraft flying humanitarian aid, a fighter jet or a

helicopter supporting troops on international missions.

PHOTO COURTESY OF KIM HANSEN

Fielded on

2,500+ military aircraft

• Aircraft self-protection Systems• 3D-Audio and Active Noise Reduction• Applied Aerostructures• Electronic Manufacturing Services


Aerostructures

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Terma is part of the world’s largest industrial project

Terma manufactures advanced composite and metal aerostructures for the F-35

Joint Strike Fighter, including leading edges, tail skins, fuselage panels, gun pod, and

air-to-ground pylons. Terma is a major strategic supplier to the program and provides

world-class, high-tech solutions at competitive prices and conditions.

PHOTO COURTESY OF LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTICS

AIR-TO-GROUND PYLONS

GUN POD – DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE

CENTER FUSELAGE PANELS

RADAR ELECTRONICS

TEST PODS

LEADING EDGES

TAIL SKINS & SPARS

14,000+F-16 pylonsdelivered


COTS og MIL

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• Militære kunder har færre penge end før

• Den teknologiske udvikling er ikke længere drevet af militære behov

• Militæret ønsker også fordelene ved den rivende teknologiudvikling indenfor IT & tele

Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) produkter

• Civile styresystemer som f.eks. Linux eller Java

• Civil hardware ( processorer / PC’er / komponenter )

MEN

Der er stadig et behov for at leve op til det miljø som et produkt møder i militær anvendelse !


CE mærkning af MIL produkter ?

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Behov for CE mærkning af militære produkter blev uddybet af den europæiskekommission April 2012 med følgende statement:

“Equipment which falls within the scope of the R&TTE Directive, EMC Directive or Low Voltage Directive, shall be compliant with the applicable Directive(s) and bear CE marking.”

Dvs. det er scope i de individuelle direktiver som tæller:• LVD, EMCD har ingen undtagelse for militært udstyr• RED har undtagelser for rent militære og national sikkerheds-anvendelser

MEN: CE mærkning betyder ikke nødvendigvis efter civile standarder !

Men det betyder at direktiverne skal være opfyldt (LVD, EMC osv.)• Dette er dog et omstridt punkt idet MIL-verdenen ikke kan lide visse dele af

de civile krav. f.eks:• RoHS-kompatible overfladebehandlinger• Sikkerhed tænkes der relativt mindre på i militære produkter ifht. civile


Civil kontra militære kunder/produkter

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Civil Godkendelse Militær godkendelse

Producent Producent

Myndighed / Certificering / Godkendelse Kunde

Kunde

I den militære verden kan man ofte nøjes med at tilfredsstille kundens krav til test og dokumentation.

Modsat i den civile verden hvor man for at markedsføre skal leve op til en mængde myndighedskrav, certificeringer, godkendelser mm.


Civil kontra militære kunder/produkter

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I den militære verden arbejder man efter et kravssæt som kunden vælger

• Nogen kalder de militære design-håndbøger ud (f.eks. MIL-HDBK-454) som refererer til hele hierarkiet af MIL-Standarder - > den er lidt træls �

• Andre angiver nogle specifikke standarder de ønsker overholdt

Man bruger ikke nødvendigvis nyeste version af en MIL standard !

• Ofte er et skib eller fly designet efter en bestemt revision af standarden og man siger at det er det miljø man skal designe til

• F16 er oprindeligt designet efter MIL-STD-461C – så mange reservedele og upgraderingerbruger stadig denne

• Vi har kontrakter til militære skibe som ønskes til bestemte revisioner af MIL-STD-461

Militære produkter har ofte ikke lige så høje krav til sikkerhed som civile

• Her er civile standarder klart mere fremskredne

Der er mange forskellige lande med egne MIL standarder !

• Hvilke der er aktuelle afhænger af kunden


Eksempel på forskellige MIL standarder til samme radar

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Opkvalificering af kommercielle produkter

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• Kunne være højere EMC indstrålingskrav for udendørs udstyr (200 V/m i visse sammenhæng)

• Temperaturområde (varmere/koldere/fugtigere driftsmiljø mm.)

• Mekaniske krav (f.eks. shock-test)

Ruggedizing af civilt udstyr til militært brug

• Gennemføre tilpasninger i produktet som støttelimning, indkapsling, forbedret køling, tilpassede filtre osv.

Screening af civilt udstyr til militært brug

• En anden metode er at udføre en screening – teste om individuelle varer opfylder testkrav

- Dette anvendes ofte på civile elektroniske komponenter

Ofte vil man kunne sælge et civilt produkt til militære kunder ved at indføre nogle tillægskrav / Specielle miljøkrav


Overview of Some Relevant Standards

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Environment StandardsCivillian Maritime Environment -> IMO resolutions -> IEC 60945Military Naval Environment Standards

• We mosty use MIL-STD-810• There are also:

• STANAG 4370• UK MoD Defence Standard 00-35• French GAM EG 13• And many other local standards

EMC Standards• IEC 60945 (the most used for Terma radar products)• MIL-STD-461 (tougher to pass than 945 or CE-mark – especially outdoor req.)• Def Stan 59-411

Power Supply Standards• IEC 60945 (maritime operation – most used for Terma radars)• MIL-STD-1399 / STANAG 1008 (Naval Power Supply Interface)• MIL-STD-704 (Military Aircraft)• MIL-STD-1275 (28VDC in Military Vehicles)

System Design Standards• MIL-HDBK-454 General Guidelines for Electronic Equipment• MIL-HDBK-5400 Airborne Equipment

© The Terma Group 2016 16 November 2016

A quick look at some relevant MIL standards


MIL-STD-461ElectroMagnetic Compatibility

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MIL-STD-461G Overview

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MIL-STD-461G – Overview

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Comparison between EMC-standardsIEC-60945 and MIL-STD-461 (Naval category)

- IEC60945 requirements correspond to IEC61000-6-2/IEC61000-6-3 levels

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Comparison between EMC-standards IEC-60945 and MIL-STD-461

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Standards applicable per IEC standards MIL-STD-461E

Requirements for Surface Ships

Name of Test

Test Method

Actual Test levels for the

Scanter 6002

Name of Test

Level and Limit

Comparison

Imm

un

ity

Electrostatic Discharge

IEC 61000-4-2

±4kV Contact discharge

±8kV Air discharge n/a n/a

Not covered in MIL-461E

Magnetic fields

IEC 61000-4-8

50/60Hz

30A/m RS101

30Hz – 100kHz

170 -> 110 dBpT

MIL exceeds IEC requirements in terms of frequency range and level

Radiated Susceptibility

IEC 61000-4-3

80 % AM, 400Hz

80MHz – 2GHz : 10 V/m

2,0Hz – 2,7GHz : 1 V/m

RS103

2MHz – 18GHz

10V/m (internal)

200V/m (external)

MIL exceeds IEC requirements in terms of frequency range and level.

Electrical Fast Transient

IEC 61000-4-4

AC power-port ± 2 kV

Signal & data lines ± 2 kV

(Only wires >3m)

n/a n/a Not covered in MIL-461E

Surge Transients

IEC 61000-4-5

±2kV AC line/earth ±1kV AC line/line ±1kV Signal lines – Open circuit


Conducted Susceptibility

IEC 61000-4-6

AC power:

10 VRMS 80 % AM

150kHz – 80MHz

CS101

30Hz-150kHz

136 -> 106.5 dBuV injected

(6.3 -> 0.2V)

Frequency range and test-level covered by the CE requirement is superior to the MIL-461-E.

Sep. earth con:

10 VRMS 80 % AM

150kHz – 80MHz

Signal & data:

10 VRMS 80 % M

150kHz – 80MHz

(only cables > 3 m)

Voltage Dips and Interruptions

IEC 61000-4-11

0% Volt. For 20ms (1 cycle) 40% Volt./200ms (@ 50Hz) 70% Volt./500ms (@ 50Hz) 0 % Volt./5s (@ 50Hz) ±10% Freq. for 5s (IEC60945 req)

±20% Volt. For 1,5s (IEC60945 reg)




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Standards applicable per IEC standards MIL-461E Requirements

for Surface Ships

Name of Test

Test Method

Actual Test levels for the

Scanter 6002

Name of

Test Level and Limit Comparison

Em

iss

ion

Current Harmonics

IEC 61000-3-2

See Error! Reference source not found.1 and Error! Reference source not found.2 below


Voltage Fluctuations

IEC 61000-3-3

Induced mains voltage fluctuations and flicker, 0-2kHz


Conducted Emission

CISPR 16-2-1

CISPR 16-1-2

Freq. range 150kHz-30MHz

Meas. BW 9 kHz, Quasi Peak

150 – 500kHz : 66-56 dBuV

0,5 – 5MHz : 56 dBuV

5 – 30MHz : 60 dBuV

CE102

10kHz – 10MHz

Limits depend on AC voltage (230V after isolation transformer/440V before).

MIL exceeds IEC requirements in terms of lower frequency range; IEC requirements exceeds MIL requirements in higher frequency range. Levels are in same area.

Conducted Emission (Ant. teminal)

ITU-1541

ITU-329

6 – 26 GHz

-82dBc spurious CE106 6 - 40 GHz

-80dBc spurious Comparable limits

Radiated Emission

n/a n/a RE101

Magnetic field 30Hz-100kHz

160 -> 76 dBpT

No IEC requirements on magnetic field except “Compass safe distance”.

CISPR 16-2-3

Freq. range:

30MHz-1000MHz.

Measuring BW 120 kHz, 10m

30-230MHz: 30 dBµV/m

230-1000MHz: 37 dBµV/m

RE102

Electric field 10kHz-18GHz

100 -> 36 -> 82

dBµV/m (V-shape in frequency)

MIL exceeds IEC requirements in terms of frequency range.

However, requirements for higher frequencies on antenna port handled via ITU spectrum recommendations.

Harmonic Currents(equip. <16A)


The New MIL-STD-461GWhat is new

Evolutionary update

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MIL-STD-461G – Whats New

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FFT Receivers Are Now Permitted For Use• FFT techniques provide a significant reduction in measurement time over conventional

analyzers and receivers, and can be used to capture frequency agile signals that jump around in a designated frequency band

• The bandwidth and measurement time table has been updated accordingly

Interconnecting cable routing now specified for floor standing equipment• Specific cabling requirements for equipment setups in order to help standardize RF coupling

paths

• More types of equipment cabinet types included

Test Method CS106 (Transients Power Leads) has been removed• Test method CS106 has been removed from the applicable test requirements for Navy ships

and submarines

Addition of Test Method CS117• Conducted Susceptibility, Lightning Induced Transients, Cables and Power Leads


MIL-STD-461G – Whats New

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Addition of Test Method CS118

• Personnel Borne Electrostatic Discharge based upon IEC 61000-4-2

Test Method CS114 Conducted Susceptibility

• Field calibration procedure and verification check updated

• Updates to measurement method of bulk cable injection (now inductively coupled)

Test Methods RE102 and RS103 Technical Updates

• MIL-STD-461G now requires testing to 18 GHz regardless of the EUT’s highest generated frequency or installation platforms

• RE102 now includes new antenna positioning requirements above 200 MHz for free-standing and tall equipment

Test Method CE106 (Conducted Emissions Antenna Terminal) updated

• New definition of the used band where transmissions are allowed (for a radio transmitter)

• Updated requirements for 2nd and 3rd harmonics


MIL-STD-810Miljøteststandard

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MIL-STD-810 Overview

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MIL-STD-810 Overview

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MIL-STD-810 Climatic Categories

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Shipping, Transport, Storage

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Intended Use Category

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MIL-STD-810 Common Misconceptions

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Common misconceptions:• ”Compliant to MIL-STD-810” means nothing without referring to Use Category /

Climatic Category

• MIL-STD-810 does not neccesarily mean tougher than civillian testing

Practical Approach:• ”Translate” existing requirements into the MIL-STD-810 world• Specify MIL-STD-810 categories from begin

• Market survey / costomer needs• Likely markets / climate zones / uses

• Important to make requirement work BEFORE design !


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Militærprodukter vs. kommercielle produkter - DELTA...

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