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Atl
an
tic O
ceanU
NE
SC
O W
orl
d H
eri
tag
e
Ro
ck A
rt S
ite
s in
Afr
ica
A W
orl
d H
eri
tag
e S
ite
is a
cu
ltu
ral o
r n
atu
ral s
ite
th
at
is ju
dg
ed
as
hav
ing
ou
tsta
nd
ing
un
ive
rsa
l
valu
e. U
NE
SC
O h
as
de
sig
na
ted
11
9 W
orl
d H
eri
tag
e S
ite
s in
39
co
un
trie
s in
Afr
ica
. In
Afr
ica
, th
ere
are
76
cu
ltu
ral,
39
na
tura
l an
d 4
mix
ed
sit
es.
Cu
rre
ntl
y, t
he
re a
re e
igh
t A
fric
an
ro
ck a
rt s
ite
s lis
ted
as
Wo
rld
He
rita
ge
sit
es;
th
ese
sit
es
are
fe
atu
red
on
pa
ge
s 1
1-1
3.
Ad
dit
ion
ally
, th
e L
op
é-O
ka
nd
a
Na
tio
na
l Pa
rk in
Ga
bo
n f
ea
ture
s a
re
ma
rka
ble
co
llect
ion
of
som
e 1
,80
0 r
ock
ca
rvin
gs.
In 2
00
8,
TAR
A e
nte
red
into
a m
em
ora
nd
um
of
un
de
rsta
nd
ing
wit
h U
NE
SC
O f
or
the
pro
tect
ion
an
d
pro
mo
tio
n o
f A
fric
an
ro
ck a
rt.
Kon
do
a, T
an
zan
ia 2
006
Mo
st o
f th
e K
on
do
a r
ock
art
sit
es
are
loca
ted
on
or
ne
ar
the
Ma
asa
i esc
arp
me
nt
(th
at
ma
rks
the
we
ste
rn e
dg
e o
f th
e G
rea
t R
ift
Va
lley
in
Tan
zan
ia).
Th
e s
ite
s a
re a
se
rie
s o
f ro
ck s
he
lte
rs
an
d b
ou
lde
rs c
on
tain
ing
pa
inti
ng
s m
ain
ly
de
pic
tin
g e
lon
ga
ted
pe
op
le, a
nim
als
, hu
nti
ng
sce
ne
s, a
nd
ab
stra
ct m
ark
ing
s.
Ma
tob
o H
ills,
Zim
ba
bw
e 2
00
3T
he
ro
ck a
rt s
ite
s o
f M
ato
bo
Hill
s o
ccu
r in
pro
fusi
on
in s
he
lte
rs lo
cate
d in
ma
ssiv
e
gra
nit
e in
selb
erg
s a
nd
“w
ha
le-b
ack
s”,
(co
mm
on
ro
ck f
orm
ati
on
s in
so
uth
ern
Afr
ica
).
Th
e p
ain
tin
gs
pro
vid
e v
ivid
pic
ture
s o
f la
ter
Sto
ne
Ag
e p
eo
ple
s’ c
on
cep
tio
ns
of
rea
lity
: Sa
n/
Bu
shm
en
an
cest
ors
wh
o w
ere
ab
sorb
ed
in
Zim
ba
bw
e b
y B
an
tu s
pe
ak
ing
ag
ricu
ltu
ralis
ts.
Tso
dilo
, Bo
tsw
an
a 2
00
1T
he
ro
ck a
rt s
ite
of T
sod
ilo H
ills
is a
ma
jor
ge
olo
gic
al l
an
dm
ark
in t
he
no
rth
we
ste
rn
Ka
lah
ari
De
sert
.
Tan
zan
ia a
lso
ha
s W
orl
d H
eri
tag
e S
ite
s th
at
are
no
t ro
ck a
rt s
ite
s in
clu
din
g: t
he
Cu
ltu
ral
Ru
ins
of
Kilw
a K
isiw
an
i an
d R
uin
s o
f S
on
go
Mn
ara
(1
98
1);
Sto
ne
To
wn
of
Za
nzi
ba
r (2
00
0);
Kili
ma
nja
ro N
ati
on
al P
ark
(1
98
7);
Se
lou
s G
am
e
Re
serv
e (
19
82
); S
ere
ng
eti
Na
tio
na
l Pa
rk (
19
81
);
an
d t
he
Ng
oro
ng
oro
Co
nse
rva
tio
n A
rea
(19
78
).
10
Th
e a
ma
zin
g q
ua
lity
an
d q
ua
nti
ty o
f ro
ck
art
, co
nta
ine
d in
a r
ela
tive
ly s
ma
ll a
rea
,
ha
s e
arn
ed
th
e s
ite
th
e t
itle
of
the
“Lo
uv
re
of
the
De
sert
”. T
he
sit
e is
ch
ara
cte
rize
d b
y
a w
ide
va
rie
ty o
f p
ain
tin
gs
on
exp
ose
d
rock
s m
ad
e m
ain
ly b
y K
ho
e p
ast
ora
lists
.
“Wh
ite
-pa
inti
ng
Sh
elt
er”
ha
s b
ee
n
pe
rio
dic
ally
inh
ab
ite
d o
ver
10
0,0
00
ye
ars
,
ea
rly
Iro
n-A
ge
vill
ag
es
an
d p
reh
isto
ric
min
es
set
Tso
dilo
ap
art
fro
m o
the
r
So
uth
ern
Afr
ica
n s
ite
s.
uK
ha
hla
mb
a/
Dra
ken
sber
g, S
ou
th
Afr
ica
20
00
T
he
Dra
ke
nsb
erg
is S
ou
th A
fric
a’s
hig
he
st
an
d m
ost
dra
ma
tic
mo
un
tain
ra
ng
e; i
t
con
tain
s so
me
of
the
mo
st f
asc
ina
tin
g
na
tura
l an
d a
rch
ae
olo
gic
al a
rea
s in
th
e
sub
co
nti
ne
nt.
Th
e m
ou
nta
in’s
nu
me
rou
s
rock
pa
inti
ng
sit
es
pre
sen
t a
sig
nifi
can
t
com
po
ne
nt
of
cult
ura
l he
rita
ge
left
be
hin
d b
y S
an
/Bu
shm
an
pe
op
le w
ho
live
d t
he
re u
nti
l th
e la
te 1
9th
Ce
ntu
ry. T
he
pa
inti
ng
s a
re o
uts
tan
din
g in
qu
alit
y a
nd
(as
we
ll a
s ra
in-m
ak
ing
an
d f
un
era
l rit
es
of
Ch
ew
a a
gri
cult
ura
lists
).
Twyf
elfo
nte
in, N
am
ibia
20
07
Th
e T
wyf
elf
on
tein
ro
ck a
rt s
ite
ha
s o
ne
of
the
larg
est
co
nce
ntr
ati
on
s o
f ro
ck e
ng
rav
ing
s
in s
ou
the
rn A
fric
a. M
ost
of
the
se r
ep
rese
nt
rhin
oce
ros,
gir
aff
e, e
lep
ha
nt,
an
telo
pe
, bir
ds,
an
d a
nim
al f
oo
tpri
nts
. Th
e s
ite
fe
atu
res
an
ex
ten
sive
re
cord
of
ritu
al p
ract
ice
s o
f h
un
ter-
ga
the
rer
com
mu
nit
ies
in t
his
pa
rt o
f so
uth
ern
Afr
ica
ove
r a
t le
ast
tw
o m
ille
nn
ia.
Th
e p
ain
tin
gs
als
o p
rov
ide
a g
limp
se in
to
dif
fere
nt
life
sty
les
of
hu
ma
n s
oci
eti
es
tha
t
succ
ee
de
d e
ach
oth
er
ove
r ti
me
.
Tass
ili n
’ Ajj
er, A
lger
ia
19
82
Th
e r
ock
art
of
the
Ta
ssili
n’ A
jje
r co
nsi
sts
of
pa
inti
ng
s a
nd
ro
ck e
ng
rav
ing
s (p
rese
rve
d o
n
a h
igh
, ero
de
d p
late
au
in t
he
ce
ntr
al S
ah
ara
De
sert
). T
he
pla
tea
u is
a s
pe
cta
cula
r lu
na
r
lan
dsc
ap
e o
f g
rea
t g
eo
log
ica
l in
tere
st. T
he
art
de
pic
ts h
erd
s o
f ca
ttle
an
d la
rge
wild
an
ima
ls
(su
ch a
s g
ira
ffe
s o
r e
lep
ha
nts
ind
ica
tive
of
a t
ime
wh
en
th
e S
ah
ara
wa
s h
um
id a
nd
vib
ran
t w
ith
hu
ma
n a
ctiv
itie
s lik
e h
un
tin
g a
nd
da
nci
ng
).
div
ers
ity
of
sub
ject
, an
d in
th
eir
de
pic
tio
n
of
an
ima
ls a
nd
hu
ma
ns.
Ch
on
go
ni,
Ma
law
i
20
06
Th
e C
ho
ng
ini r
ock
art
sit
e is
loca
ted
wit
hin
a c
lust
er
of
fore
ste
d g
ran
ite
hill
s
on
th
e h
igh
alt
itu
de
pla
tea
u o
f ce
ntr
al
Ma
law
i. T
he
ro
ck a
rt c
on
sist
s a
lmo
st
en
tire
ly o
f sc
he
ma
tic,
wh
ite
pa
inti
ng
s
(ma
kin
g it
vis
ua
lly d
iffe
ren
t fr
om
th
e
mo
re n
atu
ralis
tic,
re
d h
un
ter-
ga
the
rer
ima
ge
s) in
ma
le a
nd
fe
ma
le in
itia
tio
n
Tad
rart
Aca
cus,
Lib
ya 1
98
3 T
he
Ta
dra
rt A
cacu
s m
ou
nta
ins
con
tain
tho
usa
nd
s o
f ca
ve p
ain
tin
gs
an
d e
ng
rav
ing
s
(in
dif
fere
nt
styl
es
som
e d
ati
ng
fro
m 1
2,0
00
BP.
Five
dif
fere
nt
art
ph
ase
s a
re d
isti
nct
ive
:
na
tura
listi
c (L
arg
e W
ild F
au
na
), R
ou
nd
He
ad
,
Pa
sto
ral,
Ho
rse
, an
d C
am
el P
eri
od
s. T
his
art
is a
refl
ect
ion
of
stri
kin
g c
ha
ng
es
in c
lima
te a
nd
in
flo
ra a
nd
fa
un
a.
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