CHAPTER 1Marine BiologyMichael Slemp
The Northern Elephant Seal
• Named “elephant” because the nose of and adult male resembles an elephant’s trunk
• Found in the North Pacific• During breeding they live on
beaches, rest of the year off shore
• Young pups nurse about 28 days and gain about 10 pounds a day
• Adult male may reach 13 feet
• Can stay under water for up to 2 hours at a time• Eat deep-water, bottom-dwelling marine animals such as
ratfish, swell sharks, spiny dogfish, eels, rockfish, and squid • were hunted to the brink of extinction, primarily for their
blubber, which was used for lamp oil• For more info see links in Chapter 1 “Northern Elephant Seals”
Who are scientists?
Science is the way we analyze the facts
Someone who uses the process of science to find answers about how and why things work in the world and in the observable universe.
Science is not just facts
What we know of the ocean?
We know very little in the big scheme of things
There are depths that we are still unable to measure
Life that we have not seen, species that have yet to be discovered
Resources that are still unknown
Bathynomus giganteus
For more info see links in Chapter 1 “Deep sea
creatures”
How does oceans effect our life?
Oceans influence the weather and world climate patterns which dictate how warm, cold, wet, or dry a region will be
Oceans determines where organisms live
Oceans provide important resources (food, oxygen, and natural resources such as oil).
Human effect on the ocean Commercial fishing has severely depleted
many types of fish Pollution has deteriorated many marine
environments. Coral reefs and
mangroves are dying off in record numbers
Activity Complete the
activity on page 1-6 Go step by step Answer questions 1-
7 under Reflecting on your learning
Write out the question
Your answers must be in complete sentences
What is Marine science?
Process of discovering facts, processes, and unifying principles that explain the nature of the oceans and their associated life forms.
Oceanography is the science of recording and describing the ocean’s contents and processes
Four main branches of Oceanography
1. Biological oceanography (marine biology) studies the diversity of life in the ocean and the oceans role as their habitat
Four main branches of Oceanography
2. Chemical oceanography studies the chemistry of the seawater. Examines chemical changes brought about by nature and people.
Four main branches of Oceanography
3. Geological oceanography is the study of the geology of the ocean. This examines the composition of marine sediments and rocks. Studies underwater volcanoes, seabed movement, earthquakes
Molokini crater in Hawaii
For more info see links in Chapter 1
“Underwater volcanoes”
Four main branches of Oceanography
4. Physical Oceanography is the study of physics in the marine environment. This examines water movement such as waves, currents and tides.
Integrating Sciences
Studying marine science combines traditional science concepts to marine science concepts
Integrated different fields of science allows an individual to understand that many branches of science are interconnected.
Marine science works closely with the physical sciences (chemistry/ physics), life sciences (biology, physiology and ecology) and Earth and space science ( study of the physical earth, and the universe)
What four study areas does marine science involve besides the traditional
sciences? Science as inquiry- way to
solve problems Science and technology-
how science and technology work hand in hand with each other
Science in personal and social perspectives- how science affects you and society
Historical nature of science- how science evolved as a discipline
What is SCIENCE?
A body of knowledge and organized
method used to gain knowledge about the observable universe.
Technology
What are some examples of technology?
How do we come up with technology?
What are some early examples of technology?
Is a material system that produces results
Technology? Is all technology good? What are some
downsides or negative effects of technology?
If you were top scientists how would you argue for technology that negatively affects nature? Now argue against current technology that affects nature negatively.
What can we do about the negative effects of technology?
1. Disregard (ignore) the effects of technology humans go extinct
2. Dismiss the effects of technology (not agree with scientists) humans go extinct
3. Prioritize developing technologies that positively affect the environment we live
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. Identify the problem ( or questions)2. Make a hypothesis (educated guess)3. Test the hypothesis 4. Interpret and analyze the results 5. Report results, procedures and conclusions
This should be review for everyone. Write the 5 steps below. If you need to review these 5 steps re-read pages
1-24 through 1-28 for a detailed explanation of each
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Use inductive reasoning to propose a process that explains the facts you observed
Use deductive reasoning to propose what you would observe should a known process take place
Inductive/ deductive reasoning should take place during step 2 of the scientific method
Inductive Reasoning (FIP)
Observe a fact (F)
Inductive (I) reasoning
Propose a process (P)
that explains the fact
Bubbles in the water
Inductive reasoning
Scuba diver in a water
Deductive Reasoning (opposite of Inductive reasoning)
Observe known
process Deductive reasoning
Propose what
should be observed
Scuba diver in the water
Deductive reasoning
Bubbles in the water
The Progress of Science Always changing Remember some scientist thought the
earth was flat and we just fell off the edge if we got too close to the edge
Not all theories are correct Scientist thought earth was the center of
the universe for centuries
The Progress of Science Scientists need to stay current on advances
and current theories Staying current can help society come to
understand either positive or negative effects
Example would be human cloning Twins are human clones, Not all what the media writes is the most
current based on the scientific theories currently presented
ACTIVITY
Complete the activity on page 1-28
Answer question 1-5 under Reflecting on Our learning.
Write out question Answer must be in
complete sentence
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