CHAPTER 1Marine BiologyMichael Slemp

The Northern Elephant Seal

• Named “elephant” because the nose of and adult male resembles an elephant’s trunk

• Found in the North Pacific• During breeding they live on

beaches, rest of the year off shore

• Young pups nurse about 28 days and gain about 10 pounds a day

• Adult male may reach 13 feet

• Can stay under water for up to 2 hours at a time• Eat deep-water, bottom-dwelling marine animals such as

ratfish, swell sharks, spiny dogfish, eels, rockfish, and squid • were hunted to the brink of extinction, primarily for their

blubber, which was used for lamp oil• For more info see links in Chapter 1 “Northern Elephant Seals”

Who are scientists?

Science is the way we analyze the facts

Someone who uses the process of science to find answers about how and why things work in the world and in the observable universe.

Science is not just facts

What we know of the ocean?

We know very little in the big scheme of things

There are depths that we are still unable to measure

Life that we have not seen, species that have yet to be discovered

Resources that are still unknown

Bathynomus giganteus

For more info see links in Chapter 1 “Deep sea

creatures”

How does oceans effect our life?

Oceans influence the weather and world climate patterns which dictate how warm, cold, wet, or dry a region will be

Oceans determines where organisms live

Oceans provide important resources (food, oxygen, and natural resources such as oil).

Human effect on the ocean Commercial fishing has severely depleted

many types of fish Pollution has deteriorated many marine

environments. Coral reefs and

mangroves are dying off in record numbers

Activity Complete the

activity on page 1-6 Go step by step Answer questions 1-

7 under Reflecting on your learning

Write out the question

Your answers must be in complete sentences

What is Marine science?

Process of discovering facts, processes, and unifying principles that explain the nature of the oceans and their associated life forms.

Oceanography is the science of recording and describing the ocean’s contents and processes

Four main branches of Oceanography

1. Biological oceanography (marine biology) studies the diversity of life in the ocean and the oceans role as their habitat

Four main branches of Oceanography

2. Chemical oceanography studies the chemistry of the seawater. Examines chemical changes brought about by nature and people.

Four main branches of Oceanography

3. Geological oceanography is the study of the geology of the ocean. This examines the composition of marine sediments and rocks. Studies underwater volcanoes, seabed movement, earthquakes

Molokini crater in Hawaii

For more info see links in Chapter 1

“Underwater volcanoes”

Four main branches of Oceanography

4. Physical Oceanography is the study of physics in the marine environment. This examines water movement such as waves, currents and tides.

Integrating Sciences

Studying marine science combines traditional science concepts to marine science concepts

Integrated different fields of science allows an individual to understand that many branches of science are interconnected.

Marine science works closely with the physical sciences (chemistry/ physics), life sciences (biology, physiology and ecology) and Earth and space science ( study of the physical earth, and the universe)

What four study areas does marine science involve besides the traditional

sciences? Science as inquiry- way to

solve problems Science and technology-

how science and technology work hand in hand with each other

Science in personal and social perspectives- how science affects you and society

Historical nature of science- how science evolved as a discipline

What is SCIENCE?

A body of knowledge and organized

method used to gain knowledge about the observable universe.

Technology

What are some examples of technology?

How do we come up with technology?

What are some early examples of technology?

Is a material system that produces results

Technology? Is all technology good? What are some

downsides or negative effects of technology?

If you were top scientists how would you argue for technology that negatively affects nature? Now argue against current technology that affects nature negatively.

What can we do about the negative effects of technology?

1. Disregard (ignore) the effects of technology humans go extinct

2. Dismiss the effects of technology (not agree with scientists) humans go extinct

3. Prioritize developing technologies that positively affect the environment we live

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

1. Identify the problem ( or questions)2. Make a hypothesis (educated guess)3. Test the hypothesis 4. Interpret and analyze the results 5. Report results, procedures and conclusions

This should be review for everyone. Write the 5 steps below. If you need to review these 5 steps re-read pages

1-24 through 1-28 for a detailed explanation of each

Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Use inductive reasoning to propose a process that explains the facts you observed

Use deductive reasoning to propose what you would observe should a known process take place

Inductive/ deductive reasoning should take place during step 2 of the scientific method

Inductive Reasoning (FIP)

Observe a fact (F)

Inductive (I) reasoning

Propose a process (P)

that explains the fact

Bubbles in the water

Inductive reasoning

Scuba diver in a water

Deductive Reasoning (opposite of Inductive reasoning)

Observe known

process Deductive reasoning

Propose what

should be observed

Scuba diver in the water

Deductive reasoning

Bubbles in the water

The Progress of Science Always changing Remember some scientist thought the

earth was flat and we just fell off the edge if we got too close to the edge

Not all theories are correct Scientist thought earth was the center of

the universe for centuries

The Progress of Science Scientists need to stay current on advances

and current theories Staying current can help society come to

understand either positive or negative effects

Example would be human cloning Twins are human clones, Not all what the media writes is the most

current based on the scientific theories currently presented

ACTIVITY

Complete the activity on page 1-28

Answer question 1-5 under Reflecting on Our learning.

Write out question Answer must be in

complete sentence