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The Magic of Leadership
Charisma and its RedressCharisma and its Redress
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Orientation
Charismatic Leadership and the uniqueness of the
special leader
Examine maps of the New Leadership Pioneers
Transformational and transactional leadership
Dilemma of the ego driven transformational leader
Empowerment and the alignment between
organizational and individual goals
Shift of focus to upper-level leadership
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The Dilemma of Charisma
Think about the following questions
What does being charismatic mean to you?
Have you ever met a person whom you would describe as
charismatic?
What qualities made this person so special?
Would you be happy with her/him as a leader of your
organization? Why?
Do you believe you possess some of the qualities of acharismatic person?
Are there ways you can acquire charismatic qualities?
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Robert House and Path-Goal Theory
Claim that way leader behaves with respect to goals and followersinfluences the leadership impact
Leadership effectiveness is shaped by situational circumstances
In line with contemporary theories at the time, focus on leadersconsideration of followers needs and the task structure
Emphasis is placed on structuring the psychological maps of thefollowers, using motivational approach developed through valencetheory
Situations of ambiguity draw more on directional leadership andrepetitive work contexts require more consideration andencouragement
Transactional nature of early work led House to reformulate theoryto be more aligned with new leadership ideas
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Core assumptions of self-interest and personal development
Transactional leadership transactional leaders respond to followers immediate self-
interests
leader identifies with what followers want & helps themachieve level of performance that results in rewards thatsatisfy them
Transformational leadership leaders influence workforces to go beyond simple self-
interests leader has ability to inspire and motivate followers to
achieve results greater than originally planned and forinternal rewards
Bernard Bass & Full Range Leadership Model
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Basss Research on
Transactional & Transformational Leadership
Transformational leadershipTransformational leadership
Idealized influence - charisma
Inspirational motivation
Intellectual stimulation Individualized consideration
Transactional leadershipTransactional leadership
Contingent rewards & Constructive transactions Management by exception
Laissez-faire leadership
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Charisma & Transformational Leadership
Basss model examined using Multifactor leadership
Questionnaire (MLQ)
Two similar and differentiable leadership styles?
I
dealisation of leader Inspirational content of leaders words or vision
Together a measure of charismatic leadership style
Provides an expanded picture of leadership that includes the
exchange of rewards & leaders attention to growth of followers
Places a strong emphasis on followers needs, values, andmorals - motivated to transcend self-interests for good of team
Best leaders are both transformational and transactional
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Jay Conger and Empowerment
Appreciation of dilemmas associated with empowerment
Theoretical rationale based on social learning theory
Individuals feel empowered through experience of
Evidence that they are actually being successful
Recognition of progress, by words of encouragement
General emotional support
Powerful role models
Creative jolts to expectations Jolt followers out of sense of negativity & behavioural impotence
through act of leadership
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Conger - Dark Side of Leadership
Conger warns of dangers associated with high-profileleadership practices
Looks at leaders first hailed as exemplary & later asmisguided or morally suspect
Leaders distort vision to meet egocentric ambitions
Leader develops sense of invulnerability & belief inrightness of their vision
Failure of charismatic leader due to:
Commitment to vision shift to single-minded obsessiveness
Authentic communication with vision as extension of leaderspersonality needs communication is les authentic
Style of charismatic leader exclusion and stereo-typing
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James McGregorBurns on Empowerment
Burns is pioneer of transformational leadership
Transforming nature of a leadership act understood throughunexpected and individualistic action of individual
Leadership roles exist in web of relationships which offer
insights into how values impact on leadership The ethical dimension
Social values
Socially desired goals
Initiating acts trigger value-laden reactions by individuals acting
out three roles Dilemmas of empowerment
who empowers who?
To whose purpose?
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Jim Collins on the Fifth Level Leader
Beyond Charisma
Collins examined features of exceptional companies
From 1400 companies eleven chosen as showing sustainedexcellence. The strongest differentiating factor of these
companies termed level five leadership Level 1 Individuals talent, knowledge, & skills are key contribution
Level 2 Leadership as collaborative team efforts
Level 3 Competent manager, effectively organizes towardspredetermined goals
Level 4 Effective leader, promoting commitment to compelling vision& high performance standards
Level 5 Executive builds great companies, exercising of personalhumility combined with assertiveness (willfullness)
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Summary
Fundamental map - charismatic leadership & relationship with
new leadership thinking
Transformational leadership contrasted with economic
exchange models of transactional leadership
Exposes mechanisms through which leaders manage change
Bass presents each leaders as having elements across a range
of leadership styles. Transformational leaders incorporate
some transformational behaviours
Transformation maps imply leadership development is possible
at all organizational levels
Acceptance of charismatic leader ignores the dilemma of the
self-seeking and destructive leader who is taken on trust.
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