Key words
Symbol
Mixture
Physical change
chemical change
Proton
Liquid
Thermal energy
Freezing
Compound
chemical reaction
Molecule
electron
Neutron
Gas
vaporization
coalesce
matter
atomic number
atomic mass
periodic table
nucleus
evaporation
boiling
element
conservation of mass
Period
ductile
magnetic
condensation
sublimation
atom
precipitate
malleable
conductor
corrosion
superheated gases coalesce
deposition=frost
heterogeneous mixture
homogeneous mixture
combustibility
Forces & ParticlesForces & Particles
Gravity Matter
Magnetism Anti-Matter
Strong Nuclear Forces
Weak Nuclear Forces
EVERYTHINGEVERYTHING in the Universe can be divided up into . . .
ForcesForces
Gravity Magnetism Acts on Acts on ALL matter charged particles
Always pulls Pulls or pushes Strong & weak Nuclear Forces hold the nucleus together
ForcesForces
Gravity Magnetism Acts on Acts on ALL matter charged particles
Always pulls Pulls or pushes
Magnetism is about 1040 times more powerful than gravity.
10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.
Magnetism is about 1040 times more powerful than gravity.
10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.
ParticlesParticles
Matter anti-Matter
ee+1+1 ee-1-1
Example:
electron positron
The picture below shows three objects that can be classified in the same group. Which of the following statements is true for all three of these objects?
They are metals.
They rust rapidly.
They weigh the same.
They are the same color.
The picture below shows three objects that can be classified in the same group. Which of the following statements is true for all three of these objects?
They are metals.
They rust rapidly.
They weigh the same.
They are the same color.
Which pair of elements is MOST similar? Ca and F Na and Cl Ne and Ar Li and H
Copper is an element that is used in electrical wires. What is the smallest unit of copper that still maintains the characteristics of copper?
the atom
the electron
the nucleus
the proton
Copper is an element that is used in electrical wires. What is the smallest unit of copper that still maintains the characteristics of copper?
the atom
the electron
the nucleus
the proton
In making a pizza, which process involves a chemical change?
Mixing spices for the sauce
Slicing pepperoni for the topping
Spreading cheese on the pizza
Baking the dough to form the crust
In making a pizza, which process involves a chemical change?
Mixing spices for the sauce
Slicing pepperoni for the topping
Spreading cheese on the pizza
Baking the dough to form the crust
What is the smallest particle of the element gold (Au) that can still be classified as gold?
atom
molecule
neutron
proton
Which of the following illustrations represents a pure substance?
If 1 kg of the compound toluene melts at –95°C, then
500 g of toluene will
melt at –47.5°C.
melt at –95°C.
boil at 95°C.
boil at 47.5°C.
The drawing below represents a bit used in a power drill. Which of the following metals is most suitable for making this drill bit?
aluminum copper gold steel
Which statement about the molecules in ice and the molecules in liquid water is correct?
The molecules in ice have more energy than the molecules in liquid water.
The molecules in ice contain different atoms than the molecules in liquid water.
The molecules in ice have more electric charge than the molecules in liquid water.
The molecules in ice are less free to move than the molecules in liquid water.
Which statement about the molecules in ice and the molecules in liquid water is correct?
The molecules in ice have more energy than the molecules in liquid water.
The molecules in ice contain different atoms than the molecules in liquid water.
The molecules in ice have more electric charge than the molecules in liquid water.
The molecules in ice are less free to move than the molecules in liquid water.
Which formulas represent compounds?
O2, H2O2
CO2, H2O
H2, CO2
H2, O2
Which formulas represent compounds?
O2, H2O2
CO2, H2O
H2, CO2
H2, O2
Which is an example of a chemical change?
pepper being ground onto a salad
a match being lit sugar being dissolved
in water wood being chopped
Which statement is correct concerning the mass of a ball of clay?
The mass changes as the altitude of the ball of clay changes.
The mass changes as the shape of the ball of clay changes.
The mass of the ball of clay is unchanged by altitude or shape.
The mass is doubled when the ball of clay is divided into two equal pieces.
Mary wants to find the density of a small stone. Which tools will she need?a meterstick and a thermometer a thermometer and a balance a balance and a graduated cylinder a graduated cylinder and a meterstick
Mary wants to find the density of a small stone. Which tools will she need?a meterstick and a thermometer a thermometer and a balance a balance and a graduated cylinder a graduated cylinder and a meterstick
If different kinds of atoms are represented by different
colored dots, which picture represents a sample of a
compound?
If different kinds of atoms are represented by
different colored dots, which picture below
represents a mixture?
Which of the following is a compound?
oxygen
water
nitrogen
air
Evidence of a chemical change would be a
melting popsicle.
spinning top.
spilled bucket of water.
rusting car fender.
Which symbol represents carbon?
Ca
N
K
C
Moisture that collects on the outside of a cold glass results from the process of
evaporation.
condensation.
sublimation.
vaporization.
Moisture that collects on the outside of a cold glass results from the process of
evaporation.
condensation.
sublimation.
vaporization.
ParticlesParticles
Matter
PP+1+1 PP-1-1
Example:
Proton anti-Proton
anti-Matter
MatterQuarks Leptons
Up electron
Down -1 3
2 3
ee-1-1
Tevatron - world's highest-energy particle accelerator.Four miles in circumference Particles go around at 99.9999% of the speed of light.
Tevatron - world's highest-energy particle accelerator.Four miles in circumference Particles go around at 99.9999% of the speed of light.
We send protons and antiprotons in opposite directions, and smash them together.
Particle Particle acceleratoracceleratorParticle Particle acceleratoraccelerator
ProtonMade of 3 Quarks
1 up2 down
u
d
d
NeutronMade of 3 Quarks
2 up1 down
d
u
u
Can we see atoms?
magnesium atoms (white) above boron atoms (grey) seen by the transmission electron microscope
Photon a particle of light.
Electromagnetic radiation ALL light. Visible AND invisible visible light , x-rays, gamma rays, radio waves, microwaves, ultraviolet rays, infrared.
Photon a particle of light
Laser Laser
Electromagnetic radiation
A prism bends light.Different Colors are bent by different amounts.
White Light
ee-1-1 ee-1-1
.
Proton Electron Photon
Mass comparison
Proton is about2000 x electron
Electron is about1,000,000 x photon
DO everything be made of matter ?
What are the building blocks of matter ?
How many elements are there?
What B da opposite of a mixture ?
Experiment (candle/hot air balloon)
DO everything be made of matter ?
What are the building blocks of matter ?
How many elements are there?
What B da opposite of a mixture ?
Experiment (candle/hot air balloon)
Proton Neutron Electron
The AtomThe Atom
NucleusNucleus
Electron shell / Electron cloudElectron shell / Electron cloud
The AtomThe Atom
NucleusThe center of the atom. (it has protons & neutrons)
NucleusThe center of the atom. (it has protons & neutrons)
Electron shell / Electron cloudElectron shell / Electron cloud
Proton Neutron Electron
Mass 1 dalton 1 dalton 0.0005
Charge +1 0 -1
1 dalton = 1 a.m.u.
Proton Neutron Electron
S orbital (2 electrons maximum)
Proton Neutron ElectronP orbital (6 electrons maximum)
Proton Neutron ElectronP orbital (6 electrons max.)
d orbitals
yyxx
zzdd xx22-y-y22
zz
xxyy
dd xzxz zz
yy xx
dd xyxy
xxyy
zzdd yzyz
zz
yy xx
dd zz22
Proton Neutron Electron
S orbital P orbital
1st Shell of electrons
S orbital
2nd Shell of electrons
S orbital P orbital
3rd Shell of electrons
S orbital P orbital D orbital
2 6 10
4th Shell of electrons
s orbital p orbital d orbital f orbital
2 6 10 14
ElementAtom(s) having a specific number of Protons.
ElementAtom(s) having a specific number of Protons.
HH
ElementsElements • Made of Made of atoms (basic unit of matter)atoms (basic unit of matter)• specific number of protons.specific number of protons.• Over 100Over 100
ElementsElements • Made of Made of atoms (basic unit of matter)atoms (basic unit of matter)• specific number of protons.specific number of protons.• Over 100Over 100
HeHe
LiLi
NaNa
BeBe
MgMg
BB CC NN OO FF NeNe
AlAl SiSi PP SS ClCl ArAr
Shell S subshell
P subshell
1 √√ xx
2 √√ √√3 √√ √√
1S
2S
2P
3S
3P
1S
2S
2P
3S
3P
HydrogenHydrogen
Atomic NumberThe number of Protons
in an atom.
Atomic NumberThe number of Protons
in an atom.
HH1 +1
1.008
Happines
Happines UnhappyUnstable
HIGH energy
UnhappyUnstable
HIGH energy
HappyStable
LOW energy
HappyStable
LOW energy
AtomAtom AtomAtom
My fan clubMy fan club
AtomAtom
AtomAtom
atomic happiness
Electronic Balance Zero charge FULL SHELL P orbital full (except He)
HydrogenHydrogen
HeliumHelium
LithiumLithium
BerylliumBeryllium
BoronBoron
CarbonCarbon
NitrogenNitrogen
OxygenOxygen
Fluorine
Halogen
Fluorine
Halogen
Neon Inert Gas
Noble Gas
Neon Inert Gas
Noble Gas
Atom
HHeLiBe
Atom
HHeLiBe
Shells1S 2S 2P 3S
Shells1S 2S 2P 3S
Atom
BCNO
Atom
BCNO
Shells1S 2S 2P 3S
Shells1S 2S 2P 3S
Atom
FNe
Atom
FNe
Shells1S 2S 2P 3S
Shells1S 2S 2P 3S
Atom
NaMgAlSi
Atom
NaMgAlSi
Shells1S 2S 2P 3S
Shells1S 2S 2P 3S
??
H HeLi Be B C N O F NeNa Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
H HeLi Be B C N O F NeNa Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
The number of electrons in the outside shell.
The number of electrons in the outside shell.
HH1 +1
Atomic numberAtomic number(number of protons)(number of protons)Atomic numberAtomic number
(number of protons)(number of protons)
ChargeChargeChargeCharge
1.008
averageaverageAtomic Atomic weightweight
averageaverageAtomic Atomic weightweight
HH2 1 +1
Atomic numberAtomic number(number of protons)(number of protons)
ChargeChargeChargeCharge(exact)(exact)Atomic Atomic weightweight
(exact)(exact)Atomic Atomic weightweight
FF9 -1
Atomic numberAtomic number(number of protons)(number of protons)
ChargeChargeChargeCharge
18.998
averageaverageAtomic Atomic weightweight
averageaverageAtomic Atomic weightweight
Isotopes
1H 2H 3H
H H
IsotopesAtoms of the same element (same number of protons) with a different number of neutrons.
IsotopesAtoms of the same element (same number of protons) with a different number of neutrons.
CC12 6
CC13 6
Cuanto Neutrons tienen ?Cuanto Neutrons tienen ?
12C 13C6 protons 6 protons
6 Neutrons 7 Neutrons
Isotopes
CC12 612 6
CC13 613 6
3 2 13 2 1 3 2 1
3 2 1
LegendProtonNeutronElectron
Isotopes
The rules:
The 1S orbital fills first1S , 2S , 2P , 3S , 3P
S only holds 2P only holds 6
The rules:
The 1S orbital fills first1S , 2S , 2P , 3S , 3P
S only holds 2P only holds 6
Noble (inert) GasesNoble (inert) Gases Group #8 atoms Group #8 atomsP shell full P shell full
Very non-reactive Very non-reactive VERY happy VERY happy
MetalsMetalsExtra electronsExtra electronsConductiveConductiveMalleableMalleable
DenseDenseShinyShinyDuctileDuctile
You walk into science class and discover a pile of shiny, silvery objects on your desk. Your teacher tells the class they will need to identify the element in each sample using the periodic table. Where on the periodic table, will you likely need to start looking?
a. on the right hand sideb. on the left hand sidec. near the topd. near the bottom.
Metal an atom with 1-3 extra valence electrons.
Shiny Dense Malleable Ductile Electrical conductors Thermal conductors
Metal an atom with 1-3 extra valence electrons.
Shiny Dense Malleable Ductile Electrical conductors Thermal conductors
KKNaNaCaCaMgMgAlAlMnMnCrCrFeFeCdCdSnSnPbPbCuCuHgHgAgAgAuAuPtPt
KKNaNaCaCaMgMgAlAlMnMnCrCrFeFeCdCdSnSnPbPbCuCuHgHgAgAgAuAuPtPt
Reactivity of metalsReactivity of metalsReactivity of metalsReactivity of metalsRReeaaccttiivviittyy
mo reactive
mo
rea
ctiv
e
Individual metal atomswith free outer shell electrons
Metallic Bond the sharing of valence electrons by neighboring metal atoms.
Electricity - electrons moving through a metal wire.
Non-MetalsNon-Metalsmissing electronsmissing electronsNon-ConductiveNon-ConductiveNOT MalleableNOT MalleableDullDull
MetalloidsMetalloidsPartly conductivePartly conductive
States of Matter
States of MatterThere are 4 States of Matter (NOT really)
SolidSolid
LiquidLiquid
LiquidLiquid
Hot Liquid
Hot Liquid
LiquidLiquid
GasGas
PlasmaPlasma“Superheated Gas”
When atoms are so hot,they lose ALL
of their electrons.
When atoms are so hot,they lose ALL
of their electrons.
BoilingBoiling
MeltingMeltingFreezingFreezing
CondensationCondensation
SublimationWhen a solidturns directly into a gas.
SublimationWhen a solidturns directly into a gas.
Dry ice issolid CO2
CondensationWhen a gasturns into into a liquid.
CondensationWhen a gasturns into into a liquid.
Dry ice issolid CO2
Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
Made ofAtomsHolds its shapeAtoms move past each other
The solid, liquid, and gaseous states of water differ from each other in
the mass of the individual atoms.
the size of the individual atoms.
the net electrical charge of the individual molecules.
the average speed of movement of the individual molecules.
Fireworks contain different elements in them for displaying different colors. The different colors occur because:
a.the different elements burn at different temperatures.
b.atoms of various elements react with each other differently.
c.atoms of various elements emit light at different frequencies.
d.atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons.
Fireworks contain different elements in them for displaying different colors. The different colors occur because:
a.the different elements burn at different temperatures.
b.atoms of various elements react with each other differently.
c.atoms of various elements emit light at different frequencies.
d.atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons.
Li FIonic bond
21
21
Li FIonic bond
21
21
Li+1 F-1
Ionic bond
21
21
The attraction between a cation and an anion.
Crystal - a solid network of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds.
IonAn atom or molecule
with a + or – charge.
IonAn atom or molecule
with a + or – charge.
Cation an ion with a positive charge.
Anion an ion with a Negative charge.
Cation an ion with a positive charge.
Anion an ion with a Negative charge.
A
ION
+
-
Cations
HH++ HydrogenHydrogenNaNa++ SodiumSodiumMgMg+2+2 MagnesiumMagnesiumCaCa+2+2 CalciumCalciumAgAg+2+2 SilverSilver
FeFe+2+2 Iron (II) FerrIron (II) FerrousousFeFe+3+3 Iron (III) FerrIron (III) FerricicCuCu+1+1 Copper (I) CuprCopper (I) CuprousousCuCu+2+2 Copper (II) CuprCopper (II) CupricicNHNH44
++ AmmoniumAmmonium
mo’ Cations
FF-1-1 FluorideFluorideClCl-1-1 ChlorideChlorideBrBr-1-1 BromideBromideII-1-1 IodideIodide
Anions
The Halogens
POPO44-3-3 PhosphatePhosphate
SiOSiO44-2-2 SilicateSilicate
SOSO44-2-2 SulfateSulfate
MoOMoO44-3-3 MolybdateMolybdate
BB44OO77-2-2 BorateBorate
Anions OHOH-1-1 HydroxideHydroxideNONO22
-1-1 NitriteNitriteNONO33
-1-1 NitrateNitrate
Cathode Anode
NeverReadyNeverReadyNeverReadyNeverReady+ + --
SALT - a Cation and an Anion held together by an ionic bond.
Solution Solvent SoluteH2O NaCl
Solution Solvent SoluteH2O NaCl
SolVent SolUteThe chemical The chemicalin a solution in a solutionthat makes up that makes up the greatest part. the least part.
SolVent SolUteThe chemical The chemicalin a solution in a solutionthat makes up that makes up the greatest part. the least part.
O
ER
O
ER
NDER
NDER
Sol ent The chemical in a solution that makes up the greatest part.
Sol ent The chemical in a solution that makes up the greatest part.
V
Salt SolutionSalt Solution
LegendCationAnionSaltWater
Solvent
Solute
Crystal
P+1
Covalent bond when two atoms share a pair of electrons.
P+1
Covalent bond when two atoms share a pair of electrons.
P+1 P+1
It’s like both atoms have a filled
orbital.
Covalent BondThe sharing of a pair of electrons between 2 atoms.(or even 2 or 3 pairs of electrons).
Covalent BondThe sharing of a pair of electrons between 2 atoms.(or even 2 or 3 pairs of electrons).
H2H2
Covalent BondThe sharing of a pair of electrons between 2 atoms.
Covalent BondThe sharing of a pair of electrons between 2 atoms.
Li2Li2
Covalent BondThe sharing of a pair of electrons between 2 atoms.
Covalent BondThe sharing of a pair of electrons between 2 atoms.
Cl2Cl2
Molecule
Two or more atoms bonded together.
Compound Complex
A molecule with more than one element.
Molecule
Two or more atoms bonded together.
Compound Complex
A molecule with more than one element.
Common chemicals
H2O2
NH3
NaOHNaClO I2
H2O2
NH3
NaOHNaClO I2
Compound o molecule ?Compound o molecule ?
CombustibilityThe tendency to react with Oxygen O2 .
H + O2
C + O2
N + O2
O + O2
Si + O2
Fe + O2
H + O2
C + O2
N + O2
O + O2
Si + O2
Fe + O2
Common Oxides
H2OH2O
NO2NO2
CO2CO2
O3O3
SiO2SiO2
Fe2O3Fe2O3
Compound o molecule ?Compound o molecule ?
NuclearNuclear ChemicalChemical PhysicalPhysical
Reaction TypesReaction Types
Protons& Neutronschange
Bondsmade/ broken
Electrons exchanged
No change in atoms
phase change
light emission/ absorption
NuclearNuclear
Reaction TypesReaction Types
Change in the Gain or lose Protons , Neutrons,
Alpha, Beta particle Fission, Fusion, Radiation
Change in the Gain or lose Protons , Neutrons,
Alpha, Beta particle Fission, Fusion, Radiation
Proton Neutron
nucleusnucleus
ChemicalChemical
Reaction TypesReaction Types
Bonds are made / broken Change in oxidation states Plasma
Bonds are made / broken Change in oxidation states Plasma
P+1 P+1
21
Li+1
evidence of Chemical Change: development of a gas formation of precipitate change in color
evidence of Chemical Change: development of a gas formation of precipitate change in color
NOT a Chemical Change:
crystalization sublimation fluorescence
NOT a Chemical Change:
crystalization sublimation fluorescence
more evidence of a Chemical Change:
lightfire
more evidence of a Chemical Change:
lightfire
http://webmineral.com/help/FlameTest.shtml
Flame Test
Precipitate
formation of insoluble ionic compounds.
Precipitate
formation of insoluble ionic compounds.
You get up in the morning and make toast for breakfast. You notice the color changes from light to dark. Later on that day in science class, your teachers asks for every day examples of physical and chemical changes.
Should you volunteer your toast as an example of a physical or chemical change?
Why?
Lucy noticed that her coin collection had begun to tarnish. Some of the metal in the coins had begun to change color. The formation of tarnish is most similar to which of the following changes?
shredding a piece of paper into hundreds of tiny strips
dropping a dinner plate on the floor
melting ice cubes in a glass of juice
burning a piece of paper to ashes in a fireplace
Lucy noticed that her coin collection had begun to tarnish. Some of the metal in the coins had begun to change color. The formation of tarnish is most similar to which of the following changes?
shredding a piece of paper into hundreds of tiny strips
dropping a dinner plate on the floor
melting ice cubes in a glass of juice
burning a piece of paper to ashes in a fireplace
Decomposition
Simple Reactions
Synthesis(Combination)
SingleReplacement
DoubleReplacement
Decomposition
Synthesis
SingleReplacement
DoubleReplacement
A B A B+
A BA B +
A BA B +C+ C
A BAB +C+ CD D
Decomposition
Synthesis
SingleReplacement
DoubleReplacement
A B A B+
A BA B +
A BA B +C+ C
A BAB +C+ CD D
A displacement reaction:metallic copper with silver nitrate
Cu + Ag NO3Cu + Ag NO3
Ag + Cu(NO3)2Ag + Cu(NO3)2
Balancing equations
Ag + Cl2 AgClAg + Cl2 AgCl
1 2 1 1
Both sides must be equalfor ALL atoms.
22
2 2
Ag + Cl2 AgClAg + Cl2 AgCl
1 2 1 1
Both sides must be equalfor ALL atoms.
22
2 2
22
2
CH4 + O2 CO2+ H2O 1 2 1 24 2 1
CH4 + O2 CO2+ H2O 1 2 1 24 2 1
22
24
CH4 + O2 CO2+ H2O 1 2 1 24 2 1
22
24
22
4
Ag + Cl2 AgClAg + Cl2 AgCl
1 2 1 1
Both sides must be equalfor ALL atoms.
PhysicalPhysical
Reaction TypesReaction Types
No change in atoms / molecules phase change (gas, liquid, solid) light emission/absorption Dissolving Electrons passing through metals
Pure substance Mixture Pure substance Mixture
Pure substance vs. MixtureOnly ONE element has 2 or more or compound. elements/(distilled water) compounds.
Pure substance vs. MixtureOnly ONE element has 2 or more or compound. elements/(distilled water) compounds.
A chocolate chip cookie is an example of a _______, because ______________.
a. compound, the ingredients are chemically bonded.
b. compound, it is the same throughout.
c. mixture, you can separate out the chips.
d. mixture, you cannot distinguish between the ingredients.
A chocolate chip cookie is an example of a _______, because ______________.
a. compound, the ingredients are chemically bonded.
b. compound, it is the same throughout.
c. mixture, you can separate out the chips.
d. mixture, you cannot distinguish between the ingredients.
Distilled waterDistilled water
Air is a mixture of several gases. Name Formula amount
Nitrogen N2 78 %
Oxygen O2 21 %
Argon Ar 1 %
Carbon CO2 0.03 %
Dioxide
Air is a mixture of several gases Name Formula amount
Neon Ne 0.002 %
Methane CH4 0.0002 %
Helium He 0.000524 %
Krypton Kr 0.000114 %
Hydrogen H2 0.00005 %
Xenon Xe 0.0000087 %
Nitrogen, Oxygen and Helium are pure substances in a gaseous state. Nitrogen, Oxygen and Helium are pure substances in a gaseous state.
Atoms are NOT the same as molecules. Air and oxygen are NOT the same. Helium and hot air are NOT the same.
Atoms are NOT the same as molecules. Air and oxygen are NOT the same. Helium and hot air are NOT the same.
Helium and hot air are NOT the same. Helium and hot air are NOT the same.
DiffusionDiffusion the natural mixing of two substances. It is caused
by random molecular motion.
the natural mixing of two substances. It is caused
by random molecular motion.
Beta Particle(Electron)
Positronemission
Radioactivity
Alpha
Particle
Gamma Particle(light)
Gamma Particle (light)
Beta Particle
(Electron)
Alpha Particle2 Protons
2 Neutrons
RadioactivityRadioactivityradioactive particles and rays
Radioactive decayRadioactive decayRadioactivity
Change in the nucleus of an atom
Loss of an Alpha, Beta, or Gamma particle
Alpha
emission
Changes
atomic
Weight
2P 2N
Beta
emission
Neutron
turns into
a Proton
electron
Gamma
emission
light
RadioactivityRadioactivity3 forms of 3 forms of Radioactive DecayRadioactive Decay
It’s time to learn about . . .It’s time to learn about . . .
HH1.008
1
Avogadro asked . . .
Q: If ONE Hydrogen atom weighs 1.008 daltons,
how many Hydrogen atoms would it take to weigh 1.008 grams ?
Answer: 6.023 x 1023 that many
602,300,000,000,000,000,000,000
NaNa22.990
11
Q: If ONE Sodium atom weighs 22.99 daltons,
how many Sodium atoms would it take to weigh 22.99 grams ?
What does one Mole of Lithium atoms weigh ? What does one Mole of Lithium atoms weigh ?
What does one Mole of Carbon atoms weigh ? What does one Mole of Carbon atoms weigh ?
What does one Mole of Water molecules weigh ? What does one Mole of Water molecules weigh ?
What does one Mole of O2 molecules weigh ? What does one Mole of O2 molecules weigh ?
Six munths
ago I cudnt
evun spelt chemissed
. An now I are one.
© 2007 Dr. Jacob Israel
All Rights Reserved
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