BIODIVERSITY
Evolution has created an
enormous diversity, so how do we deal
with it?
TAXONOMY
Branch of biology that involves identification, naming, and classification of organisms
SYSTEMATICS is the science that deals with identifying, naming, describing, classifying of organisms and establishing the phylogenetic relationship of different species
NOMENCLATURE is the science of naming organisms
Binomial nomenclature • Developed by Linnaeus, a Swedish
naturalist • Names are in Latin, formerly the
language of science
• Binomials - names consisting of two parts • Genus and Specific epithet (species)• e.g. Homo sapiens• Homo sapiens
• 1 species not 1 specie
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)
Specific epithet for organisms may be derived according to a number of criteria
1. HABITAT e.g. Ipomoea aquatica (kangkong)
2. LOCATION e.g. Loriculus camiguinensis (Camiguin hanging-parrot)
3. PRINCIPAL e.g. Rosa alba CHARACTERISTIC (white rose)
4. NAMES OF PEOPLE e.g. Nyctimene rabori (Philippine tube-nosed fruit bat)
Scientific name of a species is BINOMIAL eg Oryza sativa (rice)
Scientific name of a subspecies is TRINOMIAL
e.g. Buceros hydrocorax hydrocorax
(Rufous hornbill found in Luzon
and Marinduque)
Buceros hydrocorax mindanensis
(Rufous hornbill found in Dinagat,
Siargao, Mindanao and Basilan)
• The names of species and subspecies are followed by the name of the author, the person who first described and named the species or subspecies
• The author’s name is neither underlined or italicized
• e.g. Felis domestica Linnaeus Felis domestica L.
In some cases, the author’s name may be in parenthesis as in chico,
Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen
It means that Linnaeus has described the chico in a genus other than the one it is now placed. Van Royen is responsible for transferring the species into the genus Manilkara
The abbreviation "cf." is used when the identification is not confirmed.
e.g. Rhinolophus cf. philippinensis
The abbreviation "sp." is used when the actual specific name cannot or need not be specified.
e.g. Sphenomorphus sp. Sphenomorphus sp.
The abbreviation "spp." (plural) indicates "several species
Rana spp.
Rana spp.
Classifying Organisms
The Linnaean hierarchy:
1. Kingdom
2. Division/Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species
Ta xo no m ic C la ssific a tio n o f M a n Ho m o sa p ie ns
Sup e rking d o m : Euka ryo ta King d o m : M e ta zo a Phylum : C ho rd a ta C la ss: M a m m a lia O rd e r: Prim a ta Fa m ily: Ho m inid a e G e nus: Sp e c ie s:
Ho m osa p ie ns
Sub sp e c ie s: sa p ie ns Evol u
tionary
di s
tanc e
System of Classification
2-Kingdom Scheme3-Kingdom Scheme5-Kingdom Scheme6-Kingdom Scheme8-Kingdom Scheme3-Domain (Superkingdom) Scheme
System of Classification2-Kingdom Scheme Animalia Vegetabilia
(Aristotle) (Plantae)
5-Kingdom Scheme Monera Protista Animalia Plantae Fungi
(Whittaker, 1969)
8-Kingdom Scheme Archaebacteria Eubacteria Archezoa Protista Chromista Animalia Plantae Fungi
3-Domain Scheme ARCHAEA BACTERIA EUKARYA
3-Kingdom Scheme Protista Animalia Plantae
(Haeckel, 1866)
6-Kingdom Scheme Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Animalia Plantae Fungi
(Woese, 1977)
ASSIGNMENT: Exercise 1
QUIZ: English meaning of Greek/Latin
words/ word parts
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