ANALYSIS OF SULLAGE COLLECTED FROM RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN SELAIYUR REGION
Aswathy.M1, Vikash kumar Das2, Yumnam Lanchenba Singh3 1 Assistant Professor,
2,3 Student, Department of Civil Engineering,
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
BIST, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research
(BIHER), Bharath University, Chennai.
Abstract: The present study assesses the sullage water
of selected area of Selaiyur region, Chennai, Tamil
Nadu, India. Sullage or greywater is all wastewater
generated in households or office buildings from
streams without fecal contamination, i.e. all streams
except for the wastewater from toilets. Sources of
greywater include, e.g. sinks, showers, baths, clothes
washing machines or dish washers. As greywater
contains fewer pathogens than domestic wastewater, it
is generally safer to handle and easier to treat and reuse
onsite for toilet flushing, landscape or crop irrigation,
and other non-potable uses. 12 water samples were
taken from different location. Each location has 3
sample i.e washing clothes water, bathing water and
Kitchen waste water. The physical, chemical and
biological parameters are tested in environmental
laboratory. It is found that all the sample were safe
against pH, Alkalinity, Flouride, Chlorine, Iron,
Phosphate, and Turbidity which are within the
permissible limits of IS3025 (Part-1):1987 . However,
the water should be treated against Hardness, Total
Dissolved Solid (TDS), Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite and
electrical conductivity as they are not found within the
permissible limits of IS IS3025 (Part-1):1987. The
possible treatment methods which are suggested are
Activated Sludge Process (ASP),
Trickling filter, Sewage farming and Oxidation ponds.
Key words: Sullage-water, physio-chemical analysis,
BOD-COD analysis, treatment methods.
1. Introduction
Sullage water is the impure water which contains
bacteria, soil contents etc. It can be originated from a
combination of domestic, industrial, commercial, or
agricultural activities, surface runoff or storm-water,
and from sewer inflow or infiltrations. Due to these
causes water pollution[1-3].
Water pollution is an addition of foreign
substances either organic/inorganic or biological or
radio-active substances into water in excess, which
alters the quality of water and which may pose health
hazard or otherwise makes it less fit or unfit for use.
Water pollution affects the entire biosphere plants and
organisms living in these bodies of water. In Almost all
cases the effect is damaging not only to individual
species and population, but also to the natural
biological communities.
Sullage or greywater is all wastewater generated
in households or office buildings from streams without
fecal contamination, i.e. all streams except for the
wastewater from toilets. Sources of greywater include,
e.g. sinks, showers, baths, clothes washing machines
or dish washers. As greywater contains fewer
pathogens than domestic wastewater, it is generally
safer to handle and easier to treat and reuse onsite for
toilet flushing, landscape or crop irrigation, and other
non-potable uses. The use of non-toxic and low-sodium
soap and personal care products is recommended to
protect vegetation when reusing grey water for
irrigation purposes. The application of greywater reuse
in urban water systems provides substantial benefits
for both the water supply subsystem by reducing the
demand for fresh clean water as well as the wastewater
subsystems by reducing the amount of wastewater
required to be conveyed and treated. Greywater, by
definition, does not include the discharge of toilets or
highly fecally contaminated wastewater, which is
designated sewage or blackwater to indicate it
contains human waste. The small traces of feces that
enter the greywater stream via effluent from the
shower, sink, or washing machine do not pose practical
hazards under normal conditions, as long as the
greywater is used correctly (for example, percolated
from a dry well or used correctly in farming
irrigation). Sullage water is all of the wastewater from
plumbing fixtures except the toilet. Usually waste from
the kitchen sink is connected to the septic tank as the
high levels of fats, organic matter, suspended solids and
microorganisms require treatment before discharge into
an absorption trench (or other treatment system).
Sullage water does contain high levels of
microorganisms that make it unsuitable for spray
irrigation. Salts and phosphorus from laundry
detergents are pollutants. This study was carried out to
determine the physio-chemical and biological
parameters of the sullage water collected from
residential building and to appreciate the opportunity of
building a wastewater treatment plant[4-9].
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 116 No. 13 2017, 131-136ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu
131
2. Material and Methods
2.1 Site of Study
Selaiyur is located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu and lies
This place is located on the Tambaram
Velachery Road. Once upon a time, this place was
called Silaiyur. Neighbouring towns include
Tambaram, Madambakkam, Rajakilpakkam,
Sembakkam, Chitlapakkam and Medavakkam. The
Indian Airforce has one if its bases here. It has been a
preferred area for most of the retired airforce families
and hence there are mix of people like north Indians,
andhraites, keralites etc. Over the past few years this
suburb has rapidly developed in terms of population
due to the presence of vast number of private
companie(national and multi-national) present nearby.
The nearest neighbourhood station is Tambaram and
the Chennai airport is only about 9km away. Selaiyur
has bus connectivity of all the main regions of the city.
The east tambaram bus terminal is about 3km away and
passengers can also board the buses in camp road
junction bus stop located in Selaiyur[10-11].
2.2 Sampling
The four areas has been chosen for sample in S
region as they are Camp road, Indira Nagar, Bhavani
Nagar and Padmavathy Nagar. Each nagar has the 3
samples of kitchen, bathroom& washing clothes waste
water. Sullage-water sample is collected in 1litres
bottles previously rinsed with distilled water and stored
in cool place away from direct sunlight.
2.3 Parameters
The physical parametes are Turbidity, Total dissolved
solids(TDS), Taste, Colour and Odour. The chemical
parameters are pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC),
Alkalinity, Hardness, Chloride, Fluoride, Iron,
Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate and Phosphate. Lastly
Biological Parameters are BOD and COD. They was
tested in environmental laboratory.
Selaiyur is located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu and lies
between latitudes 12056’ and 12
80008’ and 80
014’E.Selaiyur is neighbourhood near
Tambaram, Chennai
This place is located on the Tambaram-
Velachery Road. Once upon a time, this place was
called Silaiyur. Neighbouring towns include
Tambaram, Madambakkam, Rajakilpakkam,
akkam and Medavakkam. The
Indian Airforce has one if its bases here. It has been a
preferred area for most of the retired airforce families
and hence there are mix of people like north Indians,
andhraites, keralites etc. Over the past few years this
has rapidly developed in terms of population
due to the presence of vast number of private
national) present nearby.
The nearest neighbourhood station is Tambaram and
the Chennai airport is only about 9km away. Selaiyur
connectivity of all the main regions of the city.
The east tambaram bus terminal is about 3km away and
passengers can also board the buses in camp road
11].
The four areas has been chosen for sample in Selaiyur
region as they are Camp road, Indira Nagar, Bhavani
Nagar and Padmavathy Nagar. Each nagar has the 3
samples of kitchen, bathroom& washing clothes waste
water sample is collected in 1litres
ter and stored
The physical parametes are Turbidity, Total dissolved
solids(TDS), Taste, Colour and Odour. The chemical
parameters are pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC),
luoride, Iron,
Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate and Phosphate. Lastly
Biological Parameters are BOD and COD. They was
2.4 Physical characteristic of waste water
The physical characteristics of sullage water are
depends upon the taste, colour, turbidity and odour.It
can be easily find out its characteristics.
2.5 Chemical characteristic of waste water
Chemical characteristics of water state the presence of
metals their treatment, the determination of inorganic
non-metallic constituents and the determination of
organic constituents. Here goes a brief description of
all the experiments we have performed.
2.6 Biological characteristic of waste water
Biological methods used for evaluating water quality
include the collection, counting an
aquatic organisms. Most microorganisms known to
microbiologists can be found in domestic wastewater
like Bacteria, Protozoa, Viruses, and Algae. Planktons,
Periphyton, Macro-phyton, Macro
Amphibians and Aquatic reptiles are the biotic group of
interdependent organism. Wastewater contains vast
quantities of bacteria and other organisms. Aerobic
bacteria break down organic matter in the presence of
available oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria disintegrate
organic matter which is shut off from free oxygen, such
as in the interior of a mass of feces or a dead body. The
products of anaerobic decomposition have an extremely
nauseating odor. Matter in which this condition exists
is said to be septic. A multitude of the bacteria in
wastewater are coliform bacteria: those found in the
digestive tract of normal humans. It is these
comparatively few pathogenic organisms that pose the
greatest public health hazard. Water quality has a key
role in deciding the abundance, species compositio
stability, productivity and physiological condition of
indigenous populations of aquatic communities. Their
existence is an expression of the quality of the water
093’N and longitudes
14’E.Selaiyur is neighbourhood near
Physical characteristic of waste water
The physical characteristics of sullage water are
taste, colour, turbidity and odour.It
can be easily find out its characteristics.
Chemical characteristic of waste water
Chemical characteristics of water state the presence of
metals their treatment, the determination of inorganic
ents and the determination of
organic constituents. Here goes a brief description of
all the experiments we have performed.
Biological characteristic of waste water
Biological methods used for evaluating water quality
include the collection, counting and identification of
aquatic organisms. Most microorganisms known to
microbiologists can be found in domestic wastewater
like Bacteria, Protozoa, Viruses, and Algae. Planktons,
phyton, Macro-invertebrates, Fish,
iles are the biotic group of
interdependent organism. Wastewater contains vast
quantities of bacteria and other organisms. Aerobic
bacteria break down organic matter in the presence of
available oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria disintegrate
is shut off from free oxygen, such
as in the interior of a mass of feces or a dead body. The
products of anaerobic decomposition have an extremely
nauseating odor. Matter in which this condition exists
is said to be septic. A multitude of the bacteria in
astewater are coliform bacteria: those found in the
digestive tract of normal humans. It is these
comparatively few pathogenic organisms that pose the
greatest public health hazard. Water quality has a key
role in deciding the abundance, species composition,
stability, productivity and physiological condition of
indigenous populations of aquatic communities. Their
existence is an expression of the quality of the water
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
132
Waste water which is not properly treated may
eventually find its way into a community water source
and spread waterborne diseases[12-20].
Table 1. Sullage sample results obtained from Selaiyur region, Chennai
A= Washing clothes wastewater, B=Kitchen wastewater and C= Bathroom wastewater
Sl.
n
Parameters Requir
em
Permissib
le
Camp
Road
Indira
Nagar
Bhavani
Nagar
Padmavathy
Nagar
o ent limit
in
t
h
e
(Acce
pta
abse
nce
o
f
ble alter
nate
Limit) sourc
e
A B C A B C A B C A
B C
1. p
H
6.5-
8.5
No
relaxatio
n
6.5 7 7 9 6.5 6.5 7 7 6.5 8 6.5 7
2. Alkalinity(
mg/l)
200 600 400 32
0
300 40
0
35
0
330 39
0
36
0
350 37
0
36
0
350
3. Hardness(m
g/l)
200 600 380 37
0
350 30
0
34
0
340 45
0
42
0
350 32
0
32
0
360
4. Chloride
(mg/l)
250 1000 270 22
0
200 30
0
23
0
260 40
0
22
0
250 31
0
25
0
220
5. T
D
S
(mg/l) 500 2000 123
0
10
92
102
0
12
00
11
04
111
6
13
20
12
00
114
0
12
00
11
16
111
6
6. Fluoride
(mg/l)
1.0 1.5 0.5 1.5 1 1.5 1.5 0.5 1.5 0.5 1 0.5 1.5 1
7. Ir
on
(mg/l) 0.3 No
relaxatio
n
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
8. Ammonia(
mg/l)
0.5 No
relaxatio
n
3 5 1 5 1 3 5 1 5 3 3 1
9. Nitrite(mg/l
)
10 No
relaxatio
n
0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2
10. Nitrate(mg/
l)
45 No
relaxatio
n
75 75 100 45 10
0
45 45 75 75 45 75 100
11. Phosphate( 0.1 1 0.5 1 1 2 1 0.5 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 1
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
133
mg/l)
12. EC(per oh
cm)
0.5 ----- 2.2
13 Turbidity
(NTU)
---- ----- 52
14 BOD (mg/l) 200 300 260
15 COD (mg/l) 450 700 620
3. Results and Discussion
The result of analysis performed on sullage water
collected from residential building are showed in Table.
According to table, we noted that most of the
parameters are under acceptable limit of IS
pH
From the graph it is evident that the pH of all
sullage samples from the area study were within the
desirable limits of IS3025 (Part-1):1987. Thus
treatment for pH is not needed.
4. Conclusion
The project has been carried out by collecting the
sample (sullage) from selected areas of Selaiyur region
(Bhavani Nagar, Camp Road, Padmavathy Nagar &
Indira Nagar). Three samples each has been collected
from each area which includes kitchen water, b
water and washing clothes water. Physico
analysis was carried out for the 12 samples. The results
showed that all the samples were safe against pH,
Alkalinity, Flouride, Chlorine, Iron, Phosphate, and
Turbidity which were found to be withi
(mg/l) 10
6.5 7
0
Ph
2.2 3.9 2.5 2.3 3.6 2.1 2.2 3.8 2.5
52 65 76 58 62 71 69 61 74
260 24
5
210 26
5
25
0
210 26
0
24
3
215
620 54
0
480 62
5
55
0
485 62
0
53
5
475
The result of analysis performed on sullage water
collected from residential building are showed in Table.
able, we noted that most of the
parameters are under acceptable limit of IS
3025(part-1), 1987 but most of its affected. Now, we
represented the graphical presentation of each
parameters with each Nagar samples in accordance
with IS 3025(part-1),1987.
h it is evident that the pH of all
sullage samples from the area study were within the
1):1987. Thus
The project has been carried out by collecting the
sample (sullage) from selected areas of Selaiyur region
(Bhavani Nagar, Camp Road, Padmavathy Nagar &
Indira Nagar). Three samples each has been collected
from each area which includes kitchen water, bathroom
water and washing clothes water. Physico-chemical
analysis was carried out for the 12 samples. The results
showed that all the samples were safe against pH,
Alkalinity, Flouride, Chlorine, Iron, Phosphate, and
Turbidity which were found to be within the
permissible limits of IS3025 (Part
may not be any treatment required for the above
parameters. However, the water should be treated
against Hardness, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS),
Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite and electrical conductiv
they are not found within the permissible limits of IS
IS3025 (Part-1):1987. From these results it has been
concluded that Camp road sullage is more affected than
other areas. Mostly washing water can be used as
gardening, car washing purposes.
The project was successfully completed by suggesting
the possible treatment method for the sullage water.
9 6.56.5
7 7 7
6.5
8
6.5
7
Camp RoadIndira NagarBhavani
NagarPadmavathy Nagar
Sullage Sample
C.
Wash
ing
Kit
ch
en
Bathroom
2.5 2 3.4 2.8
74 53 64 75
215 25
5
23
0
215
475 62
0
52
0
490
1), 1987 but most of its affected. Now, we
represented the graphical presentation of each
parameters with each Nagar samples in accordance
permissible limits of IS3025 (Part-1):1987. Thus, there
may not be any treatment required for the above
parameters. However, the water should be treated
against Hardness, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS),
Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite and electrical conductivity as
they are not found within the permissible limits of IS
1):1987. From these results it has been
concluded that Camp road sullage is more affected than
other areas. Mostly washing water can be used as
project was successfully completed by suggesting
the possible treatment method for the sullage water.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
134
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