1 02-2013 Power Transmission SolutionsE T TS 2/Re
Integration der HGÜ ins Drehstromnetz: Erfahrungen, Vorteile und Perspektiven für ein hybrides Netz
Copyright © Siemens AG 2013
1 02-2013 Power Transmission SolutionsE T TS 2/Re
Integrated AC/DC Transmission Systems:Experiences, Benefits and Prospects for aHybrid Grid
G. EbnerJ. Dorn M. Pohl
D. Retzmann* K. Uecker
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Gon Power Markets
2 Power Transmission SolutionsE T TS 2/Re
lobal Trends
02-2013
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G GG
G
G
G
Today:Tomorrow:
Regenerative Energy Sources and Dispersed Generation – Impact on the whole T&D Grid Structure
E T TS 2/Re02-2013
G G
G
3333
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From Energy Chain …to Power Matrix
Use of Dispersed Generation
G
H
H
H
Load Flow will be “fuzzy”
G
G
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Power Transmission Solutions: From Energy Chain to Power Matrix – the Smart Grid with Energy Mix …
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… plus HVDC and FACTS
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CO2 Reduction – Green Energy„Energie Wende“ – Security of Supply
ocus on
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From Energy Mix – toEnergy Change
Nuclear will beshut-down:
“Energie Wende” in Germany: Transformation of the Energy System
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Power Transmission Solutions
02-2013
Nuclear
Hard Coal
Lignite
Natural Gas
Oil
Source: Spiegel Online Febr. 2013
Example NPP Isar 2 (Ohu): 1,485 MW
7 02-2013 Power Transmission SolutionsE T TS 2/Re7 Power Transmission Solutions02-2013
Germany – TSO Grid Development Plan New DC Links: up to 3,800 Kilometers* (Overview)
New Links:DCACUnder Construction or on Approval (AC)
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Source: WDR, dpa 31.05.2012
* Scenario for B 2022 – 1 of 4 Scenarios
BNA Conclusions 25.11.2012One HVDC cancelled !
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AC/DC SystemsIntegrated
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1,450 km
800 km 2,500 MW
2003 2,000 MW2,500 MW2007
960 km
Further Examples of integrated HVDCs
India – Three “Classic” HVDCs at 500 kV of whichAdani and Ballia-Bhiwadi are fully integrated into the AC Grid
PTS Power Transmission Solutions
• Cahora Bassa, Mozambique-South Africa, 1977-79, 1920 MW, 533 kV, 1414 km
• Gezhouba-Shanghai, China, 1989, 1200 MW, 500 kV, 1040 km
• Tianshengqiao-Guangzhou, China, 2000, 1800 MW, 500 kV, 960 km
• Guiguang I, China, 2004, 3000 MW, 500 kV, 940 km
• Guiguang II, China, 2007-2008, 3000 MW, 500 kV, 1225 km
• Neptune, New York, 2007, 660 MW, 500 kV, 105 km Cable
• Yunnan-Guangdong, China, 2009-2010, 5000 MW, 800 kV, 1418 km
• Trans Bay Cable, HVDC PLUS, San Francisco, 2010, 400 MW, 200 kV, 88 km Cable
• Xiangjiaba-Shanghai, China, 2010, 6400 MW, 800 kV, 2071 km
• Ningdong-Shandong, China, 2010-2011, 4000 MW, 660 kV, 1418 km
• Jinping-Sunan, China, 2012, 7200 MW, 800 kV, 2059 km
• INELFE, HVDC PLUS, France-Spain TENInterconnection, 2014, 2 x 1000 MW, 320 kV, 65 km Cable
Ballia-Bhiwadi – Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd
East-South Interconnector –the DC Energy BridgeEast-South Interconnector –the DC Energy Bridge
20102012
2,500 MW
Adani HVDC – a private Investor goes ahead
• Hami-Zhengzhou, China, 2013, 8000 MW, 800 kV, 2.200 km
• Western HVDC Link, UK, 2015, 2200 MW, 600 kV, 420 km Cable
• Western Alberta Transmission Link, Canada, 2014, 1000 MW, 500 kV, 400 km
• East DC Link Project, Canada, 2014, 1000 MW, 500 kV, 500 km
• Hudson Transmission Project,Ridgefield (New Jersey), USA, B2B Station 660 MW, 2013
• Xiluodo-Guangdong, China, 2013, 2 x 3200 MW, 2 x 500 kV, 1268 km
• Nuozhadu-Guangdong, China, 2013, 5000 MW, 800 kV, 1451 km
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over 40 HVDCs …China: with more than 270 GW *Transmission Capacity are expected between 2010 and 2020
10 Power Transmission Solutions
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1. Yunnan – Guangdong 800 kV, 5000 MW, 2009/10
2. Xiangjiaba – Shanghai 800 kV, 6400 MW, 2010
3. Debao500 kV, 3000 MW, 2010
4. Ningdong – Shangdong660 kV, 4000 MW, 2010
5. Qinghai – Tibet 400 kV, 600 MW, 2011
6. Mongolia – Tianjin 800 kV, 8000 MW, 2018
7. Russia – Liaoning 660 kV, 4000 MW, 2014
8. Nuozhadu – Guangdong 800 kV, 5000 MW, 2013
9. Jingping – Sunan800 kV, 7200 MW, 2012
10. Xiluodu – Guangdong 500 kV, 2 x 3200 MW, 2013
11. Humeng – Tangshan 800 kV, 8000 MW, 2015
12. Ningdong – Zhejiang 800 kV, 8000 MW, 2016
13. Xiluodu – Zhejiang 800 kV, 8000 MW, 2014
14. Sichuan – Jiangxi 800 kV, 8000 MW, 2017
15. Xiluodu – Jiangxi 800 kV, 8000 MW, 2018
16. Humeng – Shandong 800 kV, 8000 MW, 2016
17. Hami – Henan 800 kV, 8000 MW, 2013
18. Mengxi – Jiangxi 800 kV, 8000 MW, 2016
19. Mongolia – Shandong 800 kV, 8000 MW, 2016
20. Mengxi – Jiangsu 800 kV, 8000 MW, 2017
21. Jiuquan – Hunan 800 kV, 7200 MW, 2017
22. Zhundong – Congqing800 kV, 8000 MW, 2016
23. Baoqing – Liaoning 660 kV, 4000 MW, 2017
24. Hami – Shandong 800 kV, 7200 MW, 2017
25. Tibet – Chongqing 800 kV, 7200 MW, 2017
26. Jinghong – Thailand 500 kV, 3000 MW, 2018
27. Ximeng – Nanjing 800 kV, 8000 MW, 2018
28. Baihetan – Hubei 800 kV, 7200 MW, 2018
29. Wudongde – Fujian 1100 kV, 11000 MW, 2018
30. Northwest – North B2B, 1500 MW, 2018
31. Mongolia – Jing-Jin-Tang 800 kV, 7200 MW, 2019
32. Russia – Liaoning 800 kV, 7200 MW, 2019
33. Zhundong – Chengdu 1100 kV, 11000 MW, 2015
34. Tibet – Zhejiang 1100 kV, 9000 MW, 2019
35. Baihetan – Hunan 800 kV, 7200 MW, 2020
36. Yili – Sichuan 1100 kV, 9000 MW, 2020
37. Kazakhstan – Chengdu 1100 kV, 9000 MW, 2020
38. Northeast – NorthBtB II, 1500 MW, 2013
02-2013
39. Hong Kong HVDC500 kV, 3600 MW, 2018
40. Jinzhong – Guangxi 500 kV, 3200 MW, 2017
41. Yunnan – Guangdong IV800 kV, 8000 MW, 2017
* as of 2012
Zheijang
Qinghai
Xizang
Inrfar Mongolia
Jilin
Liaoning
Yunnan
Hainan
Fujian
Taiwan
Bangkok
3
5
116
23
7
20
26
9
12
13
17
1822
16
21
19
2427
28
37
35
31
29
33
36
14
10
34
30
32
8
Ningxia Shanxi
Hebei
Beijing
JiangsuAnhuj
Sichuan &Chongqing
Gansu
Xinjiang
Heilongjiang
Shandong
Jiangxi
Hubai
Hunan
Shaanxi
Henan
2
1
Shanghai
Tianjin
3
4
40
41
39Guangdong
38
25
Guizhou 15
2 x B2B1 x 400 kV5 x 500 kV3 x 660 kV
25 x 800 kV5 x 1100 kV
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HVDC and FACTS
TransmissionSolutions with
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HVDC “Classic” / ”Bulk” versus HVDC PLUS
~= =
~
AC Grid 1
Semiconducting Switches with Turn-
On and Turn-Off Capability, e.g. IGBTs
Thyristors with Turn-on Capability
only
Self-Commutated Voltage-Sourced
Converter (SCC / VSC)
Line-Commutated Current-Sourced
Converter (LCC / CSC)
HVDC PLUSHVDC “Classic”
AC Grid 2
G ~G ~G ~G ~ DC
Thyristors 8 kV – IDC up to 5 kA
Up to 8,000 MW @ 800 kV DC OHL
Up to 11,000 MW @ 1,100 kV DC OHL
MI Cable up to 600 kV
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Transistors (IGBT) up to 4.5 kV – IDC ≤ 1.56 kA
Up to 1,000 MW @ 320 kV XLPE Cable
XLPE Cable up to +/- 320 kV DC
PTS
Trans Bay Cable, USA: 400 MW 4 x TenneT Offshore: 576 – 864 MW INELFE, RTE & REE: 2 x 1,000 MW
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HVDC and SVC PLUS for Inter-Island Connector Pole 3, Transpower New Zealand Ltd.
HVDC and STATCOMin parallel Operation
LTT 8 kVSemiconductors
220 kV AC, 2x 50 Hz
± 350 kV DCVoltage Levels
Cable (40 km) and Overhead Line, in total 649 kmType of Plant
700 MW HVDC “Classic” Bipolar Power Rating
SVC PLUS at Haywards; HVDC atStations Benmore and HaywardsLocation
Inter-Island Connector Pole 3Project Name
Transpower New Zealand Ltd.Customer
13 02-2013 E T TS 2/Re PTS
2014
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2010
Elimination of Transmission Bottlenecks
~=
=~
==
~ == ~ ==
Transmission Constraints before TBC
Transmission Constraints after TBC
No Increase inShort-Circuit Power
Power Exchangeby Sea Cable
No Increase inShort-Circuit PowerNo Increase inShort-Circuit Power
Power Exchangeby Sea CablePower Exchangeby Sea Cable
HVDC PLUS: Trans Bay Cable Project, USASecurity of Supply for San Francisco Area
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DC Submarine Cable Link Neptune RTS, USA
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World’s 1st
HVDC with500 kV DC Cable
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… and a new HVDC B2B close to New York
Hudson Transmission ProjectRidgefield (New Jersey), USA
No Increase inShort-Circuit Power
Sharing ofReserve Capacity
Power Exchange &
Increase in StabilityCustomer:Hudson Transmission Partners LLC.
.System Data:Rating 660 MWVoltage 170 kV DCThyristor 8 kV LTT
2013
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Europe: New DC Submarine Cable Link in UK
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Deeside
HVDC and STATCOMin parallel OperationHVDC and STATCOMin parallel Operation
World’s 1st
HVDC with600 kV DC Cable
Customer:National Grid / Scottish Power
System Data:Rating 2,200 MWVoltage ± 600 kV DCThyristor 8 kV LTT 2015
SVC PLUS C: 2 x 125 MVAr Dynamic Voltage Stabilization Reactive Power Control
6 hrs Overload 2,400 MW (Cable)
Western HVDC Link, UK
No Increase inShort-Circuit Power
Bypassing overloadedOnshore Overhead Lines
Power Exchange
Increase in Stability
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Benefits of HVDC – in Eastern and Western-Europe …
Customer:Energotrans Ltd.
System Data:Rating 2 x 350 MWVoltage 96 kV DCThyristor 8 kV LTT
Black Sea B2B 2013
INELFE
No Increase inShort-Circuit Power
Customer:RTE and REE
Sharing ofReserve Capacity
Power Exchange &
2014World’s 1st VSC HVDCwith 2 x 1,000 MW –each @ VDC = +/- 320 kVCable: XLPE, 65 km
Increase in Stability
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Black Sea B2B – An Arial View
Example of HVDC “Classic”
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Synchronous Condensers: On-Site, at Black Sea B2B, Georgia
PTS20 02-2013 E T TS 2/Re
Customer: Energotrans Ltd.
Siemens Scope: Turnkey (HVDC + SCO’s)
Number of SCO’s: 3
SynCon Terminal Voltage: 11 kV
Power - SCO over / under excited: 60 / 39 MVAr (@ PF=0)
Short-Circuit Power (Sk’’): 300 MVA
Impedance SCO, unsaturated (Xd’’): 0.12 pu
Step-up Transformer: 60 MVA, 400 / 11 / 10 kV, OLTC
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Synchronous Condensers: On-Site, at Black Sea B2B, Georgia contd.
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HVDC PLUSINELFE: 2 x 1000 MW – Santa Llogaia, España
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IGBTs Transformers
AC PartControl Bldg. & AuxiliarySystems
CoolingSystems Converter Reactors &
Cable Sealing Ends
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HVDC PLUSINELFE – Converter Station Layout
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Converter and Cable Tunnel
HVDC PLUSINELFE - 2 x 1000 MW – Baixas, France
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Clean & Low Cost Energyover long Distance – suitable
for Peak Load Demand
Improvement in PowerQuality
Energy Mix in Australia: Hydro PlantsWind Farms Thermal Plants and HVDC
2006
Basslink HVDC – from Bottlenecks to a “Smart” and flexible Grid
500 MW
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DC Lines – Basslink 400 kV monopolar
Power Transmission Solutions26 10-2011 E T TS 2/Re
From “Small” to “Large” Line
26 Power Transmission SolutionsE T TS 2/Re10-2011
Neutral Line
HV Line
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Basslink HVDC – the Transition Station
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HVDC “Classic” 500 kV DC On-Site: DC-Line Fault
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HVDC “Classic” 400 kV DC: On-Site DC-Line Fault *
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Rect.
Id /pu
max
Vd /pu
min.nom.
00
1
-1
1600
0
1
0
10
Field Measurements – HVDC with Digital Controls
Ramped Recovery Times
De-Ionization Times
** depending on environmental Conditions
Duration** of Successful Recovery after 3rd Attempt
167 ms 196 ms 244 ms
33 ms 74 ms 78 ms 104 ms
904 ms
Id Ref /pu
* 500/600 MW Basslink HVDC, 303 km Cable (3 sections), 66 km OHL (2 sections)
System Conditions/Test Case:• Pollution very Heavy – Long Recovery Times• Strong System – no Impact on AC Frequency
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Comparison of 300 kV DC On-Site DC-Line FaultTNB-EGAT HVDC with Full Bridge Simulation, same case
30 02-2013
Power Transmission Solutions
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0
Ud /pu
000
Ud /pu
Id /puId /pu
0
0
0
0
PNetz /pu
UNetz /pu
INetz /pu
QNetz /pu
UConv /pu0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PNetz /pu
UNetz /pu
INetz /pu
QNetz /pu
UConv /pu
Ud /kV
Id /A
Pd /MW
Q /MVAr
162 msDuration of Successful Recovery with one Attempt
Field Measurements
Reactive Power Injection available during Fault !
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Success Factors for DC-Line Fault Recovery with VSC – Lessons learned from HVDC “Classic”
Conclusions for a fast and safe Fault Recovery Solution:1. Transient DC Voltage Polarity Reversal for fast DC Current Reduction, safe
Extinction and safe De-Ionization of the Arc2. Ramped Recovery with fully controllable DC Voltage allows up to 3 Restart
Attempts and it enables variable Timing & Restart at reduced DC Line Voltage
3. Power Transfer can already begin during Restart Ramping
4. DC Restart is faster than AC Auto-Reclosure *
2
31 Power Transmission Solutions
Ramped RecoveryTimes: 60-80 ms
Vd /pu
1
t
1
2
4
* at same Pollution Conditions
3
3
PP
2 It is the Siemens HVDC PLUS Full BridgeSolution
1 1
02-2013 E T TS 2/Re
32 02-2013 Power Transmission SolutionsE T TS 2/Re
SVC PLUS®
… same Power Modules
in commercial Application / under Project Execution
Sitras® SFC plus
48 x
26 x
Status: 02-2013
Success Factors for DC-Line Fault Recovery with VSC – using MMC PLUS Full Bridge proven Technology
Since 2009 … 74 Full Bridge Converters
and …14 Half Bridge Converters 88 Modular MultilevelConverters with Siemens PLUSTechnology
33 02-2013 Power Transmission SolutionsE T TS 2/Re
The MMC PLUS Full Bridge Solution: Fully proven in Practice
• SVC PLUS, Transmission & Industry • SFC PLUS – Traction Supplies
DC Current of 2 kA is feasible !
. . .
2
1
n
. . .
2
1
n
. . .
2
1
n
. . .
2
1
n
. . .
2
1
n
. . .
2
1
n
3~ AC
50/60 Hz Transformer
Outgoing Reactor
Branch Reactors
Power Module
Success Factors for DC-Line Fault Recovery with VSC – Lessons learned from HVDC “Classic” contd.
AC or DC
D11 D21
IGBT21
IGBT22
PM Electronics
IGBT11
IGBT12
D12 D22
Full Bridge Power ModuleHalf Bridge Power ModuleFor Comparison: Our Solution:
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Prospects of HVDC and FACTSe-Highway 2050 –
Conclusions
35 02-2013 Power Transmission SolutionsE T TS 2/Re Power Transmission SolutionsE T TS 2/Re
Connecting:Wind Power Hydro Plants Solar Fields
02-201335
The Vision: DC Energy Highway –why not in Europe too ?
35
FOSG*
Desertec
Medgrid
* Friends of the Supergrid
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Lessons learned:
… and the Lights will keep shining !
Sustainability and Security of Power Supply
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Thank you for your attention!
Copyright © Siemens AG 2013.
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