18/06/200918/06/2009
18/06/200918/06/2009
Dream Team of Global Leaders
1. Mario Pickavet - Professor, University of Ghent IBBT, Belgium
2. Steven Gray - CTO & VP of Corporate Research, Huawei Technologies Co., USA
3. Zhifeng Jeffrey Tao - Principal Technical Staff, Mitsubishi Electronic Research Lab USA
4. Werner Mohr - Head of Research Alliances, Nokia Siemens Networks, Germany
18/06/200918/06/2009
Global Warming The Most Dangerous Threat
18/06/200918/06/2009
Global Temperatures Increasing & Warming in Arctic
18/06/200918/06/2009
Indicators of the Human Influence on the Atmosphere during the Industrial Era
Source: http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/ , Prof. David MacKay, Cambridge University
18/06/200918/06/2009
Global Costs of Extreme Weather Events from 19502006 (Adjusted for Inflation)
18/06/200918/06/2009
Energy Cost and Power Consumption Increasing with Telecommunications (cont.)
18/06/200918/06/2009
Green Communications - Telecommunications Value in Promoting Environmental Improvement
Source: Saving the climate @ the speed of light, WWF, ETNO
Telecommunications applications can have a direct, tangible impact on lowering greenhouse gas emissions, power consumption, and achieving efficient recycling of equipment waste.
18/06/200918/06/2009
Thank You !
Is ICT green ?Mario PickavetGhent University - IBBTBelgium
Some quotes
2007, Justin Mann, TechSpot.com
Server power doubled over the past 5 years
Some quotes
1999, Marc Mills, The internet begins with coal
It now seems reasonable to forecast that in the foreseeable future, certainly within two decades, 30 to 50 percent of the nations electric supply will be required to meet the direct and indirect needs of the Internet.
Some quotes
2002, Walter Baer et al., Electricity requirements for a digital society
ICT networks, computers, and office equipment In none of our 2021 scenarios does this percentage exceed 5.5 percent of the national electricity total.
1. Realistic assessment1. Realistic assessment
Energy worldwide today
Some key conclusions:Electricity = 30% of energyIn terms of CO2 emissions:
1 W of electrical energy 2.1 W of primary energy
ICT use phase: typical figures
Equipment type Power consumption during active mode (average load)
desktop PC with LCD display 100 W desktop PC with CRT display 150 W laptop PC 30 W CRT TV 150 W (0.34 W per square inch) LCD TV 190 W (0.29 W per square inch) Plasma TV 330 W (0.34 W per square inch) Gaming console 190 W Volume server 220 W Mid-range server 700 W High-end server 10000 W Core routers and switches 5 W per Gbit/s throughput Access routers and switches > 10 W per Gbit/s Home gateway 7 W GSM Base Station 700 W WiMAX Base Station 400 W
ICT use phase: worldwide today
Conclusions:Total = 156 GW = 8% of global electricity consumptionNo dominating front, several fronts are important
Future estimations
Conclusions:1/7th of electricity goes to ICT use phase in 2020Power efficiency key research topic !!!
(despite ICT being enabler of EE in other sectors)
ICT complete life cycleExample*: typical PC with CRT screen (2000)
Manufacturing phase:Electrical: 1550 MJ 3875 MJ primary energyNon-electrical: 4850 MJ primary energy
Use phase:Electrical: 3500 MJ 8800 MJ primary energy
Disposal phase:Highly depending on recycling/landfill/
Conclusions:Manufacturing phase and use phase: same order of magnitude
longer life cycle is key challenge
* E. Williams, Energy Intensity of Computer Manufacturing: Hybrid Assessment Combining Process and Economic Input-Output Methods, Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 38, No. 2, November 2004, p. 6166-6174
2. Directions for improvement
Hardware improvements
Room for improvement ?Example 1: electricity use laptop vs. desktop: 1/4thExample 2: different TV technologiesStandby power lossesEfficiency of power supplies
Driving forces:Growing LT energy pricesGovernmental actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissionEnergy labelsGreen as marketing factor
Software optimizations
Impact of operating systemElectricity consumptionLifetime
Intelligent power management of computers and screens
Server parksVirtual server configurationsSwitching off servers during quiet hours
New network paradigms
Initiatives today:IEEE Study Group on Energy-Efficient EthernetADSL low power modeLow power access technologies
Clean slate approachesE.g.
Terminals: only I/OContent: reduction of #copiesEnergy-efficiency key driver
3. Conclusions3. Conclusions
Main conclusions
Is ICT green ? About 4% of primary energy todayAbout 8% of primary energy by 2020
Is the situation hopeless ? Much room for improvementResearch actions to be taken urgently
Careful comparison of different solutions:EE + full LCAEnd-to-end pictureEfficient information transport media
New concepts and paradigms
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
www.huawei.com
Security Level: June 16, 2009
Huawei Green Solutions
Green Communications, Green Huawei, Green World
Steven D. Gray, Ph.D.
CTO and VP Huawei Corporate Research
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 2Huawei Confidential
Outline
1
2
Background
Energy Efficiency
Wireless
Central Office
Broadband
Transport
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 3Huawei Confidential
Huawei corporate green policyGreen communications, Green Huawei, Green world
HUAWEI is committed to social responsibility and environmental protection, Ultimately we aim to achieve the goal to reduce operators power consumption, our own power consumption and the entire
Sun Yafang, Chairperson of HUAWEI
Green Huawei
Green Supply Chain Mgmt. (e.g.
RoHS, WEEE)
Green Communications
Innovative Green Network Solutions
Green World
Protecting the earth by
innovative ICT solutions
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 4Huawei Confidential
Green Action in Product Life Cycle
Green material
Green design and
production
Green supply chain
Own operations
Operator operations
Green recycle
R & D
Production
Delivery
UsageRecycle
Green Solutions of All levels of network
Use material for eco-environment
Energy saving frame, middleware, ASIC chip
Design for Environment
power saving
6R strategy in logistics
Supply chain audit management
Recycling package
Supply chain management
EHS management
Auto logistic center
Recycling chopsticks
Operation & environment management
Removal
Collecting
Recycling
End-of-life management
16,800trees saved
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 5Huawei Confidential
Corporate emission reductiondirect emission indirect CO2 emission
*The total CO2 emission includes direct emissions & indirect emissions, based on ISO 14046 standard indirect emissions refers to the product annual shipped majority equipment of Huawei, which are wireless / wireline access network products **internal operation includes manufacture and operational consumption of Huawei HQ, The unit is defined as K tons of emissions per 100M US dollars shipments
2007 2009E
Corporate CO2 reduction, achievement & plan *total CO2 emissionM tons
1
3
5
**direct emissionPer sales amount
>30%1
2
3
4
CO2 Emission without Green Program
CO2 Emission with Green Program ~1 M tons of indirect CO2 cut in 2008 &
2009
>30% of direct CO2
cut in 2008 & 2009
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 6Huawei Confidential
Fully Committed to Standards Work
ETSI / JRCATIS / NEBSCCSA / etc
EE
ATTM
BB, BTS, LCA
Site, DC, CN, AN, User
Example
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 7Huawei Confidential
Huawei Wireless site efficiency BTS product and alternative clean energy
Wireless
2002 2007 2012
Solar System Hybrid solution e.g. D.G. and Battery Reduce fuel ~ 50%
Solar + WindCut 100% CO2
+
+
GSM BTS
AlternativeClean Energy
*D.G=Diesel Generator**BTS S444 Load @3015 W TOC
Fuel Cell, Hybrid Power System
+
BTS 3121800 W
BTS30121050 W DBS3900
710WBTS3900
780 W
New DBS
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 8Huawei Confidential
Example key technologyMore flexible shutdown feature Single RAN / TRX / Site shut-down
Software shut-down to save power
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 230
10
20
30
40
50
60
Software shut-down feature allow to shut idle TRX according to save ~*16%Site level shutdown technology could achieve more significant saving, especiallyCo-RRM technology allow the network to balance traffic between GSM & UMTS, thus save more energy *Huawei site experiences & internal lab data**RRM =Radio Resource Management
TrafficPowerConsumption
16
Early morning Night
WithWithout
GSM
GSM
e.g. GSM 900
e.g. GSM 1800
Site Shut-down & **Co-RRM
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 1GSM GSM
GSM GSM
GSM
GSM GSM
GSM GSM
GSM GSM
Wireless
UMTS
UMTS
UMTS
UMTS
UMTS
UMTS
UMTS Carrier 1
UMTS Carrier 2
Co-RRM tech. allow network to handover GSM traffic to UMTS, and shutdown more sites during
idle hours
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 9Huawei Confidential
Case: Energy solution in Africa
Fuel cost reduced up to 60%compare with traditional diesel generationD.G. system basement construction reduce up to 50%Maintenance reduce up to 80%
Wireless
D.G. and battery hybrid solution
Site ABukoto Uganda, MTN
Site BNairobi Kenya, Safaricom
Fuel cost reduced up to 80% compare with traditional solutionFuel transportation cost save up to 80%Maintenance reduce up to 80%
Solar + D.G. hybrid solution
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 10Huawei Confidential
Case: Huawei high density BTSreduces both power consumption and footprint in China Mobile
Before Swap, existing 5 racks After Swap, 1 rack
QTRU cuts 80% of footprint, high density & high energy efficiency (Shutdown tech.) saves ~30% power cost compared with existing BTS
Source: CMCC swap case
Wireless
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 11Huawei Confidential
CO Efficiency ImprovementHardware / software improvement and thermal management
CO
2002 2007 2012
Producte.g. Core
ThermalMgmt.
SoftX CPCI
2.8 KW / M Subs SoftX ATCA
1.7 KW / M Subs NG computing platform
Precision aircon + Optimized layout
*PUE=2.5
Precise Ventilation
PUE=1.8
Direct cooling / Liquid cooling
PUE=1.5
C&C08 Private Platform12.6 KW / M Subs
Precision aircon+Traditional
layout
PUE: Power usage efficiency=Total power of DC/IT equipment power
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 12Huawei Confidential
CASE: Geothermal cooling cabinetTelecom Italia saves 70% of cooling energy in Turin
The test results confirmed: 1. cooling energy cost saves up to 70%2. Coefficient of performance is twice that of the heat exchanged cabinet
TI LAB Turin, Italy Geothermal cooling cabinet
Broadband
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 13Huawei Confidential
Transport Products improvementchipset & cooling technology development avoids trips
Transportation
Chipsets
Cooling
2002 2007 2012
Power consumption per 10G port(W)
050
100150200250
10G LPU 20G LPU 40G LPU 100G LPU
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 14Huawei Confidential
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Wirless site BB Access CO Transport Others Total
Existing Infrastructure New infrastructure
~35%
Scenario analysis
Green solution Description
Traditional infrastructure (TDM)Equipments deployed for 4-8 yrsAir conditioning
Existing solutionDescription
New infrastructure (ALL IP based)Green equipments (e.g. 4th generation BTS)Air Con / direct cooling / alternative energy
Source: Huawei cases (summary) for EU / China operators, 2005~2008
Huawei solutions cut carbon emissions and operating expenses
Thank youwww.huawei.com
SmartGridANewParadigmofGreenCommunications
Dr.Zhifeng(Jeff)TaoMitsubishiElectricResearchLab(MERL)
2009Z.TaoSmartGrid :EnablingTechnologyandStandardization2
WhatisSmartGrid?asmartgridistheelectricitydeliverysystem(frompointofgenerationtopointofconsumption)integratedwithcommunicationsandinformationtechnology
CentralGeneratingStation
StepUpTransformer
DistributionSubstation
ReceivingStation
DistributionSubstation
DistributionSubstation
Commercial
Industrial Commercial
GasTurbine
RecipEngine
Cogeneration
RecipEngine
Fuelcell
Microturbine
Flywheel
Residential
Photovoltaics
Batteries
ResidentialDataConcentrator
ControlCenter
DatanetworkUsers
DistributedComputingInfrastructure
PowerInfrastructure
2009Z.TaoSmartGrid :EnablingTechnologyandStandardization3
Applications
Awidevarietyofcommunication/computingsystemswillbedeployedtoenableanamazinglyrichservices
Zigbeesensor/Powerline/IPv6ineveryhomeappliancetoenabledemandresponse
2009Z.TaoSmartGrid :EnablingTechnologyandStandardization4
Applications
Awidevarietyofcommunication/computingsystemswillbedeployedtoenableanamazinglyrichservices
Enableatwowayintegrationofrenewableenergysources(PV,wind)intopowergrid
2009Z.TaoSmartGrid :EnablingTechnologyandStandardization5
ApplicationsAwidevarietyofcommunication/computingsystemswillbedeployedtoenableanamazinglyrichservices
Twowaypowerflowbetweenelectricvehicleandpowergridhelpsbalancethepeak
2009Z.TaoSmartGrid :EnablingTechnologyandStandardization6
Applications
Awidevarietyofcommunication/computingsystemswillbedeployedtoenableanamazinglyrichservices
Smartmetercommunicates(WiMAX,cellularnetwork,mesh)withutilitybackofficeandreportsrealtime price
2009Z.TaoSmartGrid :EnablingTechnologyandStandardization7
Applications
Awidevarietyofcommunication/computingsystemswillbedeployedtoenableanamazinglyrichservices
Conditionmonitoringandreportinginutilityspowergridcanhelpavoidcascadeeffectandblackout
2009Z.TaoSmartGrid :EnablingTechnologyandStandardization8
PolicyEnergyIndependenceandSecurityAct(EISA)of2007 TitleXIII,Section1305.SmartGridInteroperabilityFramework
PresidentObama'seconomicstimuluspackageallocates4.5 billiondollarstomodernizethenation'selectricitysystemandputsmartgridtechnologyonthefasttrack. MuchmoreisexpectedtobespentonthisinitiativetomakeUSsgridsmart.
ItsanurgentUSnationalpriority
USSecretaryofCommerceGaryLocke
USSecretaryofEnergyDr.Steven Chu
NationalCoordinatorDr.GeorgeArnold
2009Z.TaoSmartGrid :EnablingTechnologyandStandardization9
StandardizationUSNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST) shallhaveprimaryresponsibilitytocoordinatedevelopmentofaframeworkthatincludesprotocolsandmodelstandardsforinformationmanagementtoachieveinteroperability ofsmartgriddevicesandsystems
Phase2: Establishpublic/privatestandardspaneltoprovideongoingrecommendationsfornew/revisedstandardstoberecognizedbyNIST
Phase3: Testingandcertificationframework
Phase1: Recognizeasetofinitialexistingconsensusstandardsanddeveloparoadmaptofillgaps
11/2009Establishastandardpanel
Q42007
Q12008
Q22008
Q32008
Q42008
Q12009
Q32009
Q22009
Q12010
Q42009
Q32010
Q22010
Q42010
04/20091st NISTRoadmapWorkshop@DC
05/20092nd NISTRoadmapWorkshop@DC=>16LHF
06/2009IEEEP2030@SantaClara
12/2007EISAenactment
08/2008DEWGsetup
09/2008GridWeek @DC
11/2008GridInteropNISTSGWorkshop@Atlanta
Roadmappresentationandreviewindomainbreakout
12/2008Congressreport
07/20093rd NISTRoadmapWorkshop@DC
2009Z.TaoSmartGrid :EnablingTechnologyandStandardization10
IEEEP2030StandardScope: Thisdocumentprovidesguidelinesforsmartgridinteroperability.
UnifyPower,CommunicationsandITforSmartGrid TF1shoulddrivetheworkofTF2andTF3
Potentialmerge/jointworkbetweenTF2andTF3
Information Technology
{data, facts, and knowledge}
Communications Technology
{exchange processes for information}
Energy Technology{electric power system, end user
applications and loads}
2009Z.TaoSmartGrid :EnablingTechnologyandStandardization11
IEEEP2030Standard
Timeline
Ratificationexpected
03/19PARapproved
032009
042009
052009
062009
072009
082009
102009
092009
122009
112009
Q22010
Q12010
Q32010
1st WGmtg TF1mtg
TF2mtg
TF3mtg 2nd WGmtg
2009Z.TaoSmartGrid :EnablingTechnologyandStandardization12
Business ABillionDollarMarketWirelessoperators Backbone(machinetomachine)communicationsforsmartgrid
Communicationssystemvendors Communicationsequipment,routers,basestations,
Systemintegrator
Sensorstartups ZigBee orproprietarysystem
Datamanagement Database
Vehiclemanufacturers Electricvehicle
Utilitycompanies
Smartmetercompanies
andnosurprise Powerefficientdatacenter Webapplicationofmeterreadings
Also,Powerline communicationsSecuritycompanyInterestgroupadvocatingdedicated
spectrumforsmartgridWiFimeshcompaniesITconsultingfirms
2009Z.TaoSmartGrid :EnablingTechnologyandStandardization13
ResearchAccordingtoDr.GeorgeArnold:ITandCommunicationsfortheSmartGrid Communicationsinfrastructureforsmartgridisthewildwest Mostofthephy/mac layerstandardsusedareIEEEs Guidanceisneededontheirapplicationinsmartgrid Additionalstandardsneedsidentifiedinroadmap
Technologiesacrosstheentire7OSIlayerswillbeinvolved. Manyexistingtechnologiesmaycanbeapplieddirectly. Manyneedtoberevised. Manyneedtobeinvented.
2009Z.TaoSmartGrid :EnablingTechnologyandStandardization14
Dr.Zhifeng(Jeff)TaoMitsubishiElectricResearchLab(MERL)
1 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved.
Panel P04: Green Communication
Werner MohrDresdenJune 16, 2009
2 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved.
Industry Challenge- the global traffic explosion
0
20
40
60
80
100
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Global FIXED traffic (ExaByte/month)
ResidentialUnicast TV
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Global MOBILE traffic (ExaByte/month)
ResidentialInternet
BusinessInternet
VoiceTraffic
Handhelddata traffic
LaptopData Traffic
VoiceTraffic
Source: analyst reports and internal research
Fixed broadband trafficis 40x mobile in 2015
Mobile data trafficgrows 300 fold
Source: Nokia Siemens Networks
3 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved.
Estimate: High data volume / Extended use / Video & TV
Source: Fraunhofer IZM, TU Berlin
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2007 2010 2015 2020
Core networks
Mobilecommunications
Computer centers
Business PCs+
Households,other devices
Households, TVs+
Households PCs+
Ele
ctric
al e
nerg
y co
nsum
ptio
n in
GW
h/ye
ar
Example: Expectation of ICT-related energy needs in Germany until 2020
Estimate for global annual CO2 emissions ofmobile network elements
Biggest part of energy consumption in mobile base stationsSource: Nokia Siemens Networks
5 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved.
Power consumption in a fixed network
Biggest part of energy consumption in access networkSource: Nokia Siemens Networks
6 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved.
Source: Nokia Siemens Networks
Building environmentally sustainable networks starts with two key questions
How energy efficient is the network?
How is the energy produced?
Base station sites consume up to 90 % of energy in the network
Bring down energy consumption by up to 70 %
Scale up use of renewable energy in the network
Total energy consumption: 2 % ICT, 98 % for other sectors
7 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved.
Substantially increase energy efficiency by new technologies
Existing indoor site
at 25C
BTS
site
pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
Improvedefficiency
SW features
Decrease cooling
Existing indoor site no
air conditioning
Using installed HW
Latest HW
Latest BTSLatest TRXfor existing
BTS
With latest HW
up to 70%savings
Source: Nokia Siemens Networks
8 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved.
Potential in network deployment concepts:Small cells
Assumption: Hexagonal cell layout, uniform propagation conditionsSource: Nokia Siemens Networks
-12,00
-10,00
-8,00
-6,00
-4,00
-2,00
0,000 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
[dB]
n = 2n = 2.5n = 3n = 3.5n = 4
[dB]
Base station transmit power reduction Overall transmit power saving in network
Propagationcoefficient
9 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved.
Base station Mobile station
Pt,N,BS, Gt,BS Pr,N,MS, Gr,N,MS
R
1 2 NR/N R/N R/N
Mobile station, Pt,N,MS, Gt,N,MS
Potential in network deployment concepts:Multihop transmission
Source: Nokia Siemens Networks
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
n = 2n = 2.5n = 3n = 3.5n = 4
N Number of hops
Link
pow
er s
avin
gs [d
B]
Propagationcoefficient
10 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved.
The rural network challenge
Communications networks areincreasingly reaching to areas with noelectricity grid or other infrastructure
Base station sites need to run autonomouslyTraditionally, base stations have beenpowered by diesel generators
Fossil fuels are environmentally unfriendlyTotal cost of ownership is high and increasing Require regular refueling and maintenance
Solution Use renewable energy based on sun and wind
Bring down CO2emissions bring down operational expenses
Source: Nokia Siemens Networks
11 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved.
Comparison of renewable energy sourcesSolar CellsHigh ReliabilityMature TechnologyIncreasing Efficiency20 Years Life TimeNo operational expenditure
Initial investmentSpace needed
+
-
Wind PowerMedium initialinvestmentCan be combined with solar cellsCan be mounted on top of antenna towerVery low operational expenditure
Erratic nature of wind
Fuel CellHigh ReliabilityIncreasing efficiencyNew fuels and technologies emerging
Noise levelInfrastructure still developingCooling is needed for high load
Bio FuelsNot dependent on fossil fuelLow initial investment
Impact on local food industryGenerator efficiency only 30%Acoustic noiseHigh operational expenditure
How is the energy produced?
Source: Nokia Siemens Networks
12 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved.
Examples of Renewable Energy BTS Sites
Source: Nokia Siemens Networks
13 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved.
Conclusion
Traffic in communication networks will increase further Main areas for energy savings in ICT of 2 % of total consumption
ICT equipment more power efficient including protocols Network deployment concepts Renewable power generation
In mobile communications main power consumption in base stations
In fixed networks main power consumption in access networksUse of ICT to reduce energy consumption in other sectors, which correspond to 98 % of total consumption
Combination of different measures necessary to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions
Source: Nokia Siemens Networks
IntroMario PickavetSteven GrayZhifeng (Jeff) TaoWerner Mohr
Top Related