Green-Communications-IC2009icc2009.ieee-icc.org/ICC2009_Panel04_Slides.pdf · Huawei Technologies...

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Dream Team of Global Leaders

1. Mario Pickavet - Professor, University of Ghent IBBT, Belgium

2. Steven Gray - CTO & VP of Corporate Research, Huawei Technologies Co., USA

3. Zhifeng Jeffrey Tao - Principal Technical Staff, Mitsubishi Electronic Research Lab USA

4. Werner Mohr - Head of Research Alliances, Nokia Siemens Networks, Germany

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Global Warming The Most Dangerous Threat

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Global Temperatures Increasing & Warming in Arctic

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Indicators of the Human Influence on the Atmosphere during the Industrial Era

Source: http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/ , Prof. David MacKay, Cambridge University

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Global Costs of Extreme Weather Events from 19502006 (Adjusted for Inflation)

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Energy Cost and Power Consumption Increasing with Telecommunications (cont.)

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Green Communications - Telecommunications Value in Promoting Environmental Improvement

Source: Saving the climate @ the speed of light, WWF, ETNO

Telecommunications applications can have a direct, tangible impact on lowering greenhouse gas emissions, power consumption, and achieving efficient recycling of equipment waste.

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Thank You !

Is ICT green ?Mario PickavetGhent University - IBBTBelgium

Some quotes

2007, Justin Mann, TechSpot.com

Server power doubled over the past 5 years

Some quotes

1999, Marc Mills, The internet begins with coal

It now seems reasonable to forecast that in the foreseeable future, certainly within two decades, 30 to 50 percent of the nations electric supply will be required to meet the direct and indirect needs of the Internet.

Some quotes

2002, Walter Baer et al., Electricity requirements for a digital society

ICT networks, computers, and office equipment In none of our 2021 scenarios does this percentage exceed 5.5 percent of the national electricity total.

1. Realistic assessment1. Realistic assessment

Energy worldwide today

Some key conclusions:Electricity = 30% of energyIn terms of CO2 emissions:

1 W of electrical energy 2.1 W of primary energy

ICT use phase: typical figures

Equipment type Power consumption during active mode (average load)

desktop PC with LCD display 100 W desktop PC with CRT display 150 W laptop PC 30 W CRT TV 150 W (0.34 W per square inch) LCD TV 190 W (0.29 W per square inch) Plasma TV 330 W (0.34 W per square inch) Gaming console 190 W Volume server 220 W Mid-range server 700 W High-end server 10000 W Core routers and switches 5 W per Gbit/s throughput Access routers and switches > 10 W per Gbit/s Home gateway 7 W GSM Base Station 700 W WiMAX Base Station 400 W

ICT use phase: worldwide today

Conclusions:Total = 156 GW = 8% of global electricity consumptionNo dominating front, several fronts are important

Future estimations

Conclusions:1/7th of electricity goes to ICT use phase in 2020Power efficiency key research topic !!!

(despite ICT being enabler of EE in other sectors)

ICT complete life cycleExample*: typical PC with CRT screen (2000)

Manufacturing phase:Electrical: 1550 MJ 3875 MJ primary energyNon-electrical: 4850 MJ primary energy

Use phase:Electrical: 3500 MJ 8800 MJ primary energy

Disposal phase:Highly depending on recycling/landfill/

Conclusions:Manufacturing phase and use phase: same order of magnitude

longer life cycle is key challenge

* E. Williams, Energy Intensity of Computer Manufacturing: Hybrid Assessment Combining Process and Economic Input-Output Methods, Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 38, No. 2, November 2004, p. 6166-6174

2. Directions for improvement

Hardware improvements

Room for improvement ?Example 1: electricity use laptop vs. desktop: 1/4thExample 2: different TV technologiesStandby power lossesEfficiency of power supplies

Driving forces:Growing LT energy pricesGovernmental actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissionEnergy labelsGreen as marketing factor

Software optimizations

Impact of operating systemElectricity consumptionLifetime

Intelligent power management of computers and screens

Server parksVirtual server configurationsSwitching off servers during quiet hours

New network paradigms

Initiatives today:IEEE Study Group on Energy-Efficient EthernetADSL low power modeLow power access technologies

Clean slate approachesE.g.

Terminals: only I/OContent: reduction of #copiesEnergy-efficiency key driver

3. Conclusions3. Conclusions

Main conclusions

Is ICT green ? About 4% of primary energy todayAbout 8% of primary energy by 2020

Is the situation hopeless ? Much room for improvementResearch actions to be taken urgently

Careful comparison of different solutions:EE + full LCAEnd-to-end pictureEfficient information transport media

New concepts and paradigms

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

www.huawei.com

Security Level: June 16, 2009

Huawei Green Solutions

Green Communications, Green Huawei, Green World

Steven D. Gray, Ph.D.

CTO and VP Huawei Corporate Research

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 2Huawei Confidential

Outline

1

2

Background

Energy Efficiency

Wireless

Central Office

Broadband

Transport


Huawei corporate green policyGreen communications, Green Huawei, Green world

HUAWEI is committed to social responsibility and environmental protection, Ultimately we aim to achieve the goal to reduce operators power consumption, our own power consumption and the entire

Sun Yafang, Chairperson of HUAWEI

Green Huawei

Green Supply Chain Mgmt. (e.g.

RoHS, WEEE)

Green Communications

Innovative Green Network Solutions

Green World

Protecting the earth by

innovative ICT solutions


Green Action in Product Life Cycle

Green material

Green design and

production

Green supply chain

Own operations

Operator operations

Green recycle

R & D

Production

Delivery

UsageRecycle

Green Solutions of All levels of network

Use material for eco-environment

Energy saving frame, middleware, ASIC chip

Design for Environment

power saving

6R strategy in logistics

Supply chain audit management

Recycling package

Supply chain management

EHS management

Auto logistic center

Recycling chopsticks

Operation & environment management

Removal

Collecting

Recycling

End-of-life management

16,800trees saved


Corporate emission reductiondirect emission indirect CO2 emission

*The total CO2 emission includes direct emissions & indirect emissions, based on ISO 14046 standard indirect emissions refers to the product annual shipped majority equipment of Huawei, which are wireless / wireline access network products **internal operation includes manufacture and operational consumption of Huawei HQ, The unit is defined as K tons of emissions per 100M US dollars shipments

2007 2009E

Corporate CO2 reduction, achievement & plan *total CO2 emissionM tons

1

3

5

**direct emissionPer sales amount

>30%1

2

3

4

CO2 Emission without Green Program

CO2 Emission with Green Program ~1 M tons of indirect CO2 cut in 2008 &

2009

>30% of direct CO2

cut in 2008 & 2009


Fully Committed to Standards Work

ETSI / JRCATIS / NEBSCCSA / etc

EE

ATTM

BB, BTS, LCA

Site, DC, CN, AN, User

Example


Huawei Wireless site efficiency BTS product and alternative clean energy

Wireless

2002 2007 2012

Solar System Hybrid solution e.g. D.G. and Battery Reduce fuel ~ 50%

Solar + WindCut 100% CO2

+

+

GSM BTS

AlternativeClean Energy

*D.G=Diesel Generator**BTS S444 Load @3015 W TOC

Fuel Cell, Hybrid Power System

+

BTS 3121800 W

BTS30121050 W DBS3900

710WBTS3900

780 W

New DBS


Example key technologyMore flexible shutdown feature Single RAN / TRX / Site shut-down

Software shut-down to save power

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 230

10

20

30

40

50

60

Software shut-down feature allow to shut idle TRX according to save ~*16%Site level shutdown technology could achieve more significant saving, especiallyCo-RRM technology allow the network to balance traffic between GSM & UMTS, thus save more energy *Huawei site experiences & internal lab data**RRM =Radio Resource Management

TrafficPowerConsumption

16

Early morning Night

WithWithout

GSM

GSM

e.g. GSM 900

e.g. GSM 1800

Site Shut-down & **Co-RRM

Layer 3

Layer 2

Layer 1GSM GSM

GSM GSM

GSM

GSM GSM

GSM GSM

GSM GSM

Wireless

UMTS

UMTS

UMTS

UMTS

UMTS

UMTS

UMTS Carrier 1

UMTS Carrier 2

Co-RRM tech. allow network to handover GSM traffic to UMTS, and shutdown more sites during

idle hours


Case: Energy solution in Africa

Fuel cost reduced up to 60%compare with traditional diesel generationD.G. system basement construction reduce up to 50%Maintenance reduce up to 80%

Wireless

D.G. and battery hybrid solution

Site ABukoto Uganda, MTN

Site BNairobi Kenya, Safaricom

Fuel cost reduced up to 80% compare with traditional solutionFuel transportation cost save up to 80%Maintenance reduce up to 80%

Solar + D.G. hybrid solution


Case: Huawei high density BTSreduces both power consumption and footprint in China Mobile

Before Swap, existing 5 racks After Swap, 1 rack

QTRU cuts 80% of footprint, high density & high energy efficiency (Shutdown tech.) saves ~30% power cost compared with existing BTS

Source: CMCC swap case

Wireless


CO Efficiency ImprovementHardware / software improvement and thermal management

CO

2002 2007 2012

Producte.g. Core

ThermalMgmt.

SoftX CPCI

2.8 KW / M Subs SoftX ATCA

1.7 KW / M Subs NG computing platform

Precision aircon + Optimized layout

*PUE=2.5

Precise Ventilation

PUE=1.8

Direct cooling / Liquid cooling

PUE=1.5

C&C08 Private Platform12.6 KW / M Subs

Precision aircon+Traditional

layout

PUE: Power usage efficiency=Total power of DC/IT equipment power


CASE: Geothermal cooling cabinetTelecom Italia saves 70% of cooling energy in Turin

The test results confirmed: 1. cooling energy cost saves up to 70%2. Coefficient of performance is twice that of the heat exchanged cabinet

TI LAB Turin, Italy Geothermal cooling cabinet

Broadband


Transport Products improvementchipset & cooling technology development avoids trips

Transportation

Chipsets

Cooling

2002 2007 2012

Power consumption per 10G port(W)

050

100150200250

10G LPU 20G LPU 40G LPU 100G LPU


0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Wirless site BB Access CO Transport Others Total

Existing Infrastructure New infrastructure

~35%

Scenario analysis

Green solution Description

Traditional infrastructure (TDM)Equipments deployed for 4-8 yrsAir conditioning

Existing solutionDescription

New infrastructure (ALL IP based)Green equipments (e.g. 4th generation BTS)Air Con / direct cooling / alternative energy

Source: Huawei cases (summary) for EU / China operators, 2005~2008

Huawei solutions cut carbon emissions and operating expenses

Thank youwww.huawei.com

SmartGridANewParadigmofGreenCommunications

Dr.Zhifeng(Jeff)TaoMitsubishiElectricResearchLab(MERL)

2009Z.TaoSmartGrid :EnablingTechnologyandStandardization2

WhatisSmartGrid?asmartgridistheelectricitydeliverysystem(frompointofgenerationtopointofconsumption)integratedwithcommunicationsandinformationtechnology

CentralGeneratingStation

StepUpTransformer

DistributionSubstation

ReceivingStation



Commercial

Industrial Commercial

GasTurbine

RecipEngine

Cogeneration

RecipEngine

Fuelcell

Microturbine

Flywheel

Residential

Photovoltaics

Batteries

ResidentialDataConcentrator

ControlCenter

DatanetworkUsers

DistributedComputingInfrastructure

PowerInfrastructure


Applications

Awidevarietyofcommunication/computingsystemswillbedeployedtoenableanamazinglyrichservices

Zigbeesensor/Powerline/IPv6ineveryhomeappliancetoenabledemandresponse


Applications


Enableatwowayintegrationofrenewableenergysources(PV,wind)intopowergrid


ApplicationsAwidevarietyofcommunication/computingsystemswillbedeployedtoenableanamazinglyrichservices

Twowaypowerflowbetweenelectricvehicleandpowergridhelpsbalancethepeak


Applications


Smartmetercommunicates(WiMAX,cellularnetwork,mesh)withutilitybackofficeandreportsrealtime price


Applications


Conditionmonitoringandreportinginutilityspowergridcanhelpavoidcascadeeffectandblackout


PolicyEnergyIndependenceandSecurityAct(EISA)of2007 TitleXIII,Section1305.SmartGridInteroperabilityFramework

PresidentObama'seconomicstimuluspackageallocates4.5 billiondollarstomodernizethenation'selectricitysystemandputsmartgridtechnologyonthefasttrack. MuchmoreisexpectedtobespentonthisinitiativetomakeUSsgridsmart.

ItsanurgentUSnationalpriority

USSecretaryofCommerceGaryLocke

USSecretaryofEnergyDr.Steven Chu

NationalCoordinatorDr.GeorgeArnold


StandardizationUSNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST) shallhaveprimaryresponsibilitytocoordinatedevelopmentofaframeworkthatincludesprotocolsandmodelstandardsforinformationmanagementtoachieveinteroperability ofsmartgriddevicesandsystems

Phase2: Establishpublic/privatestandardspaneltoprovideongoingrecommendationsfornew/revisedstandardstoberecognizedbyNIST

Phase3: Testingandcertificationframework

Phase1: Recognizeasetofinitialexistingconsensusstandardsanddeveloparoadmaptofillgaps

11/2009Establishastandardpanel

Q42007

Q12008

Q22008

Q32008

Q42008

Q12009

Q32009

Q22009

Q12010

Q42009

Q32010

Q22010

Q42010

04/20091st NISTRoadmapWorkshop@DC

05/20092nd NISTRoadmapWorkshop@DC=>16LHF

06/2009IEEEP2030@SantaClara

12/2007EISAenactment

08/2008DEWGsetup

09/2008GridWeek @DC

11/2008GridInteropNISTSGWorkshop@Atlanta

Roadmappresentationandreviewindomainbreakout

12/2008Congressreport

07/20093rd NISTRoadmapWorkshop@DC


IEEEP2030StandardScope: Thisdocumentprovidesguidelinesforsmartgridinteroperability.

UnifyPower,CommunicationsandITforSmartGrid TF1shoulddrivetheworkofTF2andTF3

Potentialmerge/jointworkbetweenTF2andTF3

Information Technology

{data, facts, and knowledge}

Communications Technology

{exchange processes for information}

Energy Technology{electric power system, end user

applications and loads}


IEEEP2030Standard

Timeline

Ratificationexpected

03/19PARapproved

032009

042009

052009

062009

072009

082009

102009

092009

122009

112009

Q22010

Q12010

Q32010

1st WGmtg TF1mtg

TF2mtg

TF3mtg 2nd WGmtg


Business ABillionDollarMarketWirelessoperators Backbone(machinetomachine)communicationsforsmartgrid

Communicationssystemvendors Communicationsequipment,routers,basestations,

Systemintegrator

Sensorstartups ZigBee orproprietarysystem

Datamanagement Database

Vehiclemanufacturers Electricvehicle

Utilitycompanies

Smartmetercompanies

andnosurprise Powerefficientdatacenter Webapplicationofmeterreadings

Also,Powerline communicationsSecuritycompanyInterestgroupadvocatingdedicated

spectrumforsmartgridWiFimeshcompaniesITconsultingfirms


ResearchAccordingtoDr.GeorgeArnold:ITandCommunicationsfortheSmartGrid Communicationsinfrastructureforsmartgridisthewildwest Mostofthephy/mac layerstandardsusedareIEEEs Guidanceisneededontheirapplicationinsmartgrid Additionalstandardsneedsidentifiedinroadmap

Technologiesacrosstheentire7OSIlayerswillbeinvolved. Manyexistingtechnologiesmaycanbeapplieddirectly. Manyneedtoberevised. Manyneedtobeinvented.


Dr.Zhifeng(Jeff)TaoMitsubishiElectricResearchLab(MERL)


Industry Challenge- the global traffic explosion

0

20

40

60

80

100

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Global FIXED traffic (ExaByte/month)

ResidentialUnicast TV

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Global MOBILE traffic (ExaByte/month)

ResidentialInternet

BusinessInternet

VoiceTraffic

Handhelddata traffic

LaptopData Traffic

VoiceTraffic

Source: analyst reports and internal research

Fixed broadband trafficis 40x mobile in 2015

Mobile data trafficgrows 300 fold

Source: Nokia Siemens Networks


Estimate: High data volume / Extended use / Video & TV

Source: Fraunhofer IZM, TU Berlin

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2007 2010 2015 2020

Core networks

Mobilecommunications

Computer centers

Business PCs+

Households,other devices

Households, TVs+

Households PCs+

Ele

ctric

al e

nerg

y co

nsum

ptio

n in

GW

h/ye

ar

Example: Expectation of ICT-related energy needs in Germany until 2020

Estimate for global annual CO2 emissions ofmobile network elements

Biggest part of energy consumption in mobile base stationsSource: Nokia Siemens Networks


Power consumption in a fixed network

Biggest part of energy consumption in access networkSource: Nokia Siemens Networks



Building environmentally sustainable networks starts with two key questions

How energy efficient is the network?

How is the energy produced?

Base station sites consume up to 90 % of energy in the network

Bring down energy consumption by up to 70 %

Scale up use of renewable energy in the network

Total energy consumption: 2 % ICT, 98 % for other sectors


Substantially increase energy efficiency by new technologies

Existing indoor site

at 25C

BTS

site

pow

er c

onsu

mpt

ion

Improvedefficiency

SW features

Decrease cooling

Existing indoor site no

air conditioning

Using installed HW

Latest HW

Latest BTSLatest TRXfor existing

BTS

With latest HW

up to 70%savings



Potential in network deployment concepts:Small cells

Assumption: Hexagonal cell layout, uniform propagation conditionsSource: Nokia Siemens Networks

-12,00

-10,00

-8,00

-6,00

-4,00

-2,00

0,000 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

[dB]

n = 2n = 2.5n = 3n = 3.5n = 4

[dB]

Base station transmit power reduction Overall transmit power saving in network

Propagationcoefficient


Base station Mobile station

Pt,N,BS, Gt,BS Pr,N,MS, Gr,N,MS

R

1 2 NR/N R/N R/N

Mobile station, Pt,N,MS, Gt,N,MS

Potential in network deployment concepts:Multihop transmission


-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

n = 2n = 2.5n = 3n = 3.5n = 4

N Number of hops

Link

pow

er s

avin

gs [d

B]

Propagationcoefficient


The rural network challenge

Communications networks areincreasingly reaching to areas with noelectricity grid or other infrastructure

Base station sites need to run autonomouslyTraditionally, base stations have beenpowered by diesel generators

Fossil fuels are environmentally unfriendlyTotal cost of ownership is high and increasing Require regular refueling and maintenance

Solution Use renewable energy based on sun and wind

Bring down CO2emissions bring down operational expenses



Comparison of renewable energy sourcesSolar CellsHigh ReliabilityMature TechnologyIncreasing Efficiency20 Years Life TimeNo operational expenditure

Initial investmentSpace needed

+

-

Wind PowerMedium initialinvestmentCan be combined with solar cellsCan be mounted on top of antenna towerVery low operational expenditure

Erratic nature of wind

Fuel CellHigh ReliabilityIncreasing efficiencyNew fuels and technologies emerging

Noise levelInfrastructure still developingCooling is needed for high load

Bio FuelsNot dependent on fossil fuelLow initial investment

Impact on local food industryGenerator efficiency only 30%Acoustic noiseHigh operational expenditure

How is the energy produced?



Examples of Renewable Energy BTS Sites



Conclusion

Traffic in communication networks will increase further Main areas for energy savings in ICT of 2 % of total consumption

ICT equipment more power efficient including protocols Network deployment concepts Renewable power generation

In mobile communications main power consumption in base stations

In fixed networks main power consumption in access networksUse of ICT to reduce energy consumption in other sectors, which correspond to 98 % of total consumption

Combination of different measures necessary to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions


IntroMario PickavetSteven GrayZhifeng (Jeff) TaoWerner Mohr

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