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Good Governance in Pakistan
Ramsha Ali
THE RESEARCH PROPOSALIS AS PERREQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF B.A.(HONS).DEGREE IN POLITICAL SCIENCE
Kinnaird College For women
Lahore
Session 2009-2013
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1.1-Introduction
Good governance has gained significant
attention in the world especially in the lastdecade. In recent years, good governance hasattracted the attention of economists, politicalscientists, lawyers, politicians, nationalinstitutions, and institutions of World Bankand IMF. Since some empirical and heretical
controversies have been found on the conceptand importance of good governance but itcan be considered as a prerequisite foreconomic growth and development.Governance can also be seen as theinstrument of the effectiveness of a societys
institutions. If the institutions are appropriateand effective, the outcome should be goodgovernance (Duncan, 2003).
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Good governance creates a good environment for investment,
including investment in people, and leads to higher income, reducespoverty, and provides better social indicators. According to UNDP,governance can be worked out as economic, political andadministrative authorities to manage a country's affairs at all levels.It joints the systems, processes and institutions, through whichresidents and groups articulate their interests, put into affect their
legal rights, meet their obligations and mediate their differences.More modern studies have pointed out that face-to-face interactions,trust and partnership within voluntary associations enhance thecapacity of people to work together. By helping residents toovercome combined action problems, trust and membership involuntary associations are recognized as important factors in
building the basis for responsive governance (khan, 2006)
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Good governance has got great importance in our state as the
problems of corruption, red tapism and inefficiency crept in the
internal structure of our country. Today good governance not only
occupies central place in our state but also regarded as crucial
element in building nation. Governance is the instrument of
political, economic and administrative authorities to manage a
nation's affairs. It is the diverse mechanisms, processes,relationships and institutions through which residents of country and
groups communicative their benefits, exercise their rights and
obligations and arbitrate their differences. In good governance
countries, the working condition is generally more favorable for
providing protection and guarantees for investors. Good governanceis therefore a compartment of governance, where in public capital
and problems are managed effectively, efficiently and in response to
vital needs of society. Effective elected forms of governance rely on
public participation, accountability and transparency.
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Good governance can be identified with the following features:
i. Good governance is mutually supportive and cooperativerelationships between government, society, and the private sector.
The nature of relationships among these three characters, and the
need to make stronger system to facilitate interactions, assume
critical importance.ii. Good governance is defined as control of all, or some
combination of, the following elements: contribution, transparency
of decision-making, accountability, rule of law, predictability.
iii. Good governance is normative in origin. The values thatprovide the foundation for governance are the values postulated by
the defining characters and institutions (khan, 2006).
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1.2- Historical Background
In Pakistan, performance of government has generallybeen less than satisfactory. The country started withweak political and administrative infrastructure, whichhas unable to create healthy traditions. Pakistan hadtwo wings located for away from each other with ahostile neighboring country. The political structurewas monopolized by the landed gentry who created
severe strains and stresses for the new state, laggingbehind the country in social and economic sectors.The country took nine long years to formulate theconstitution. Before the election were held under thenew constitution, the army stepped in and put a stop tothe political process resulting in the poor governance
in the country. Martial law is essentially negation ofthe constitution and rule of law, in which the rights ofpeople are violated by the governments. Efficientadministration is no substitute for a democraticgovernment. Most of the ills and evils causedbesetting the country backward. Its political systemand instability are due to the disruption of political
process.
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Not that the political government are the most efficient on clean but
with repeated elections without outside intervention or interruption, thecondition could be created for the emergence of better and experiencedleadership. This unfortunately has not happened in Pakistan. Even whenthere was a democratic government the army remained involved in thepolitics of the country, creating hurdles for the good governance. Evennow-a-days Pakistan is also facing the same problem and military is
occupying the reins of government. Good governance is also abouteconomizing effort and careful use of national resources. It is appropriatefor a heavily indebted country, in which almost one third of thepopulation is living below poverty line on the other hand more than sixdozen cabinet ministers are enjoying with ministerial perks andprivileges. The Prime Minister claims that he is keeping a watchful eye
on the performance of all ministers. Even he cannot review the work ofthe minister which will result in the poor performance and poorgovernance. This environment led to the poor governance in Pakistan andthe concept of good government is vanishing here after (khan, 2006).
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2.1-Hypothesis
Prevailing condition of governance in Pakistan is majorhindrance in progress and development of a country.
3.1-Research Questions
What are the causes of failure of good governance inPakistan?
What is difference between good governance and poor
governance?
What are the parameters of good governance?
What are the impacts of good governance on
development of Pakistan?
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4.1-Significance:
Good governance is a key factor in development prosperity and
progress of every country. The current situation of government inPakistan is one of the major reasons of political, social and
economic unrest and instability. Researcher has chosen this topic
because researcher has observed that situation of governance in
Pakistan is a big obstacle in development and prosperity of country
and researcher want to figure out the parameters of good
governance. This research study would help to understand concept
of good governance and would also bring awareness among masses,
regarding the impact of good governance in formation of developed
societies.
4.2-Methodology:
The research is based upon primary and secondary data collection
using unstructured interviews. Moreover the researcher will be
doing for content analysis and will be descriptive in nature.
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5.1-Literature review
(Hussain and Hussain, 1993) stated that the crisis, which is at the root of all
other crises, is that of good governance. Problems like poverty. Illiteracy,
unemployment, corruption, energy crisis, water and food shortage areweakening our country at its roots. In this gloomy scenario, good
governance is the dire need of the hour. Though good governance has
always been a dream for our country yet this dream can be transformed
onto reality. Sincere and dedicated leadership can make this dream come
true. But it cannot be achieved in a wink of an eye. Author has narrated theproblems obstructing good governance in Pakistan but has not mentioned
solutions for these problems. The researcher has worked out with the
problems and come up with the following solution. It requires a great toil
and sacrifice. Our youth can play a very vital role in this regard. Now, it is
very easy to raise public opinion for good governance through the use ofelectronic media. The meetings and rallies are also very important means to
bring the trend of good governance on the right track. The youth can be
actively involved in organizing such programmes. Let hope that our leaders
are smart enough to introduce much needed reforms in the system.
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(Bakhsh, 2004) Evaluated that Good Governance flourish in a necessarilycorruption free situation. Pakistan is unfortunately way down on the steps on thisaccount. Corruption of
all magnitudes mega, moderate and petty fill all tiers of governance and all
segments of the society public, private, political, judicial, commercial and evenreligions. Ironically corruption acts as the balancing market mechanism here
in a vastly unregulated administrative pattern. There exists unreal economic
grounds for this give and take at the individual level but economic cost to the
society is fantastic. Corruption severely impacts the life of the citizens through
less returns on resource use and adds manifold to their cost of living. Genesis of
corruption in Pakistan can be traced to the mega events of 1940s to 1990s and
even the current decade. Serious attempts at accountability originating in mid
1990s and prepared on the turn of the century comically turned into tools of
political support or victimization. For the last two years there is a practically a
legal vacuum at the national level. A host of measures are needed to eradicate this
threat. The awareness in the general public and emergence of a strong civilsociety, loud media and a newly independent judiciary all by themselves
stand as a guarantee to the success of any future programme of accountability. Ithelped out the researcher to have a detailed research on the impact of corruptionon good governance.
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(Duncan, 2003) has argued that the role of institutions andgovernance has not been incorporated formally into theeconomic theory of growth. At present, some studies foundassociations between institutions and economic growth butnot have been incorporated with good governance. Since thedevelopment of indicators for good governance have nottheoretical basis, and used some proxies of good governancein the form of economic administration and other government
performance-related variables that indicate the standard ofgovernance in a country. If governance is result of theappropriateness and effectiveness of a countrys institutions,governance indicators can be seen as indicators of the qualityof a countrys institutions. Regulations can be used to induce
bribes/corruption or other lobbying activities to bring aboutchanges, or at least waivers, of the regulations in question.The Content of the para given above would open newhorizons for researcher on this topic in future.
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(Hussain, 1999) has undertaken a detailed studyon governance and institutions with particularreference to Pakistan. He elaborated the conceptsof governance and institutions, their definitions
and relationships. He divided public sectorfunctions into three categories, namely, policy-making, service delivery, and oversight andaccountability. Moreover, he also presented the
pillars of good governance and also emphasizedon good governance based on appropriateinstitutional reforms and broad-based sustainedeconomic growth policies.
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(Zia-ul-Islam, 2001) gave that the concept of governance relates to the
quality of the relationship between government and the citizens whom it
exists to serve and protect. Governance may be defined as the manner in
which power is exercised in the management of a countrys economic and
social resources for development. This concept is concerned directly with
the management of development process, involving both the public and
private sector. Good governance relates to a pluralistic and holistic view
where responsibility is jointly shared by players in public sector, the
corporate private sector, and civil society by addressing the issues of
accountability, transparency, participation, openness, rule of law andpredictability. It is also a key link between growth and reduction of poverty
and inequality. As growth generates income, good governance trickles this
effect down to the masses, particularly the poor. The State is responsible for
creating a conducive political, legal and economic environment for building
individual capabilities and encouraging private initiative. The market on theother hand, is expected to create opportunities for people. Civil society
facilitates mobilization of public opinion and peoples participation in
economic, social and political activities. The contents of the afore
mentioned para helped the researcher to prepare introduction.
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Organization of Study
Chapter-1 :
- Introduction
- Historical Background
Chapter-2:
- Hypothesis
Chapter-3:
- Research Questions
Chapter-4
- Significance
- Methodology
Chapter-5:
- Literature review
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References:Bakhsh, A. M. (2004).Anti-Corruption: Strategies in Pakistan. Lahore: Book Biz.
Duncan, R.C. (2003, September). Governance and growth. Paper presented to the Symposium on
Governance held at the University of the South Pacific, Suva. Retrived fromhttps://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:_zSMsKMP5LAJ:cloud1.gdnet.org/cms.php%3Fid
%3Dcv_download%26researcher_id%3D5781+Duncan,+R.C.+2003.+Governance+and+growth,+
paper+presented+to+the+Symposium+onGovernance+held+at+the+University+of+the+South+Pac
ific,+Suva,+September.&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESihrFs5u1lxUKjkudDckhS1a3J15p
Ft88qj8dAVzfxR7OVwn13DBJx2eitvJHmsK1QOOSAcrgyZQlRiP582ykynILgKvT4Kdw_JOYTg
GCHz90ybcWSkOA7JJXvFtBDXvfGIKHby&sig=AHIEtbQXi3N3Jv08XNz8OP92asgzn1nMPA
Husain, I. (1999). Institution of Restraint: The Misiing Element in Pakistan's Governance. The
Pakistann Development , 511- 515. Retrived from
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/24046157_Institutions_of_Restraint_The_Missing_Eleme
nt_in_Pakistans_Governance
Hussain, M., & hussain, A. (1993). Pakistan: Problems of Governance . Lahore: Vanguard Books
Pvt.Ltd.
Javaid, U. (2010). Corruption and its deep imapct on Pakistan. Lahore: Book Biz.
Khan, D. S. (2006). Public Administration:with special reference to Pakistan. Lahore: Amjad
Malik.
Mahmood, S. (2007). Good Governance Reforms in Agenda in Pakistan. Newyork: Nova Scienc.
Siddiqui, T. A. (2001). Towards Good Governance. Oxford University Press.
Zia-ul-Islam. (2001). Good Governance for Pakistan.
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