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Good Governance in Pakistan

Ramsha Ali

THE RESEARCH PROPOSALIS AS PERREQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF B.A.(HONS).DEGREE IN POLITICAL SCIENCE

Kinnaird College For women

Lahore

Session 2009-2013

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1.1-Introduction

Good governance has gained significant

attention in the world especially in the lastdecade. In recent years, good governance hasattracted the attention of economists, politicalscientists, lawyers, politicians, nationalinstitutions, and institutions of World Bankand IMF. Since some empirical and heretical

controversies have been found on the conceptand importance of good governance but itcan be considered as a prerequisite foreconomic growth and development.Governance can also be seen as theinstrument of the effectiveness of a societys

institutions. If the institutions are appropriateand effective, the outcome should be goodgovernance (Duncan, 2003).

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Good governance creates a good environment for investment,

including investment in people, and leads to higher income, reducespoverty, and provides better social indicators. According to UNDP,governance can be worked out as economic, political andadministrative authorities to manage a country's affairs at all levels.It joints the systems, processes and institutions, through whichresidents and groups articulate their interests, put into affect their

legal rights, meet their obligations and mediate their differences.More modern studies have pointed out that face-to-face interactions,trust and partnership within voluntary associations enhance thecapacity of people to work together. By helping residents toovercome combined action problems, trust and membership involuntary associations are recognized as important factors in

building the basis for responsive governance (khan, 2006)

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Good governance has got great importance in our state as the

problems of corruption, red tapism and inefficiency crept in the

internal structure of our country. Today good governance not only

occupies central place in our state but also regarded as crucial

element in building nation. Governance is the instrument of

political, economic and administrative authorities to manage a

nation's affairs. It is the diverse mechanisms, processes,relationships and institutions through which residents of country and

groups communicative their benefits, exercise their rights and

obligations and arbitrate their differences. In good governance

countries, the working condition is generally more favorable for

providing protection and guarantees for investors. Good governanceis therefore a compartment of governance, where in public capital

and problems are managed effectively, efficiently and in response to

vital needs of society. Effective elected forms of governance rely on

public participation, accountability and transparency.

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Good governance can be identified with the following features:

i. Good governance is mutually supportive and cooperativerelationships between government, society, and the private sector.

The nature of relationships among these three characters, and the

need to make stronger system to facilitate interactions, assume

critical importance.ii. Good governance is defined as control of all, or some

combination of, the following elements: contribution, transparency

of decision-making, accountability, rule of law, predictability.

iii. Good governance is normative in origin. The values thatprovide the foundation for governance are the values postulated by

the defining characters and institutions (khan, 2006).

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1.2- Historical Background

In Pakistan, performance of government has generallybeen less than satisfactory. The country started withweak political and administrative infrastructure, whichhas unable to create healthy traditions. Pakistan hadtwo wings located for away from each other with ahostile neighboring country. The political structurewas monopolized by the landed gentry who created

severe strains and stresses for the new state, laggingbehind the country in social and economic sectors.The country took nine long years to formulate theconstitution. Before the election were held under thenew constitution, the army stepped in and put a stop tothe political process resulting in the poor governance

in the country. Martial law is essentially negation ofthe constitution and rule of law, in which the rights ofpeople are violated by the governments. Efficientadministration is no substitute for a democraticgovernment. Most of the ills and evils causedbesetting the country backward. Its political systemand instability are due to the disruption of political

process.

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Not that the political government are the most efficient on clean but

with repeated elections without outside intervention or interruption, thecondition could be created for the emergence of better and experiencedleadership. This unfortunately has not happened in Pakistan. Even whenthere was a democratic government the army remained involved in thepolitics of the country, creating hurdles for the good governance. Evennow-a-days Pakistan is also facing the same problem and military is

occupying the reins of government. Good governance is also abouteconomizing effort and careful use of national resources. It is appropriatefor a heavily indebted country, in which almost one third of thepopulation is living below poverty line on the other hand more than sixdozen cabinet ministers are enjoying with ministerial perks andprivileges. The Prime Minister claims that he is keeping a watchful eye

on the performance of all ministers. Even he cannot review the work ofthe minister which will result in the poor performance and poorgovernance. This environment led to the poor governance in Pakistan andthe concept of good government is vanishing here after (khan, 2006).

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2.1-Hypothesis

Prevailing condition of governance in Pakistan is majorhindrance in progress and development of a country.

3.1-Research Questions

What are the causes of failure of good governance inPakistan?

What is difference between good governance and poor

governance?

What are the parameters of good governance?

What are the impacts of good governance on

development of Pakistan?

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4.1-Significance:

Good governance is a key factor in development prosperity and

progress of every country. The current situation of government inPakistan is one of the major reasons of political, social and

economic unrest and instability. Researcher has chosen this topic

because researcher has observed that situation of governance in

Pakistan is a big obstacle in development and prosperity of country

and researcher want to figure out the parameters of good

governance. This research study would help to understand concept

of good governance and would also bring awareness among masses,

regarding the impact of good governance in formation of developed

societies.

4.2-Methodology:

The research is based upon primary and secondary data collection

using unstructured interviews. Moreover the researcher will be

doing for content analysis and will be descriptive in nature.

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5.1-Literature review

(Hussain and Hussain, 1993) stated that the crisis, which is at the root of all

other crises, is that of good governance. Problems like poverty. Illiteracy,

unemployment, corruption, energy crisis, water and food shortage areweakening our country at its roots. In this gloomy scenario, good

governance is the dire need of the hour. Though good governance has

always been a dream for our country yet this dream can be transformed

onto reality. Sincere and dedicated leadership can make this dream come

true. But it cannot be achieved in a wink of an eye. Author has narrated theproblems obstructing good governance in Pakistan but has not mentioned

solutions for these problems. The researcher has worked out with the

problems and come up with the following solution. It requires a great toil

and sacrifice. Our youth can play a very vital role in this regard. Now, it is

very easy to raise public opinion for good governance through the use ofelectronic media. The meetings and rallies are also very important means to

bring the trend of good governance on the right track. The youth can be

actively involved in organizing such programmes. Let hope that our leaders

are smart enough to introduce much needed reforms in the system.

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(Bakhsh, 2004) Evaluated that Good Governance flourish in a necessarilycorruption free situation. Pakistan is unfortunately way down on the steps on thisaccount. Corruption of

all magnitudes mega, moderate and petty fill all tiers of governance and all

segments of the society public, private, political, judicial, commercial and evenreligions. Ironically corruption acts as the balancing market mechanism here

in a vastly unregulated administrative pattern. There exists unreal economic

grounds for this give and take at the individual level but economic cost to the

society is fantastic. Corruption severely impacts the life of the citizens through

less returns on resource use and adds manifold to their cost of living. Genesis of

corruption in Pakistan can be traced to the mega events of 1940s to 1990s and

even the current decade. Serious attempts at accountability originating in mid

1990s and prepared on the turn of the century comically turned into tools of

political support or victimization. For the last two years there is a practically a

legal vacuum at the national level. A host of measures are needed to eradicate this

threat. The awareness in the general public and emergence of a strong civilsociety, loud media and a newly independent judiciary all by themselves

stand as a guarantee to the success of any future programme of accountability. Ithelped out the researcher to have a detailed research on the impact of corruptionon good governance.

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(Duncan, 2003) has argued that the role of institutions andgovernance has not been incorporated formally into theeconomic theory of growth. At present, some studies foundassociations between institutions and economic growth butnot have been incorporated with good governance. Since thedevelopment of indicators for good governance have nottheoretical basis, and used some proxies of good governancein the form of economic administration and other government

performance-related variables that indicate the standard ofgovernance in a country. If governance is result of theappropriateness and effectiveness of a countrys institutions,governance indicators can be seen as indicators of the qualityof a countrys institutions. Regulations can be used to induce

bribes/corruption or other lobbying activities to bring aboutchanges, or at least waivers, of the regulations in question.The Content of the para given above would open newhorizons for researcher on this topic in future.

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(Hussain, 1999) has undertaken a detailed studyon governance and institutions with particularreference to Pakistan. He elaborated the conceptsof governance and institutions, their definitions

and relationships. He divided public sectorfunctions into three categories, namely, policy-making, service delivery, and oversight andaccountability. Moreover, he also presented the

pillars of good governance and also emphasizedon good governance based on appropriateinstitutional reforms and broad-based sustainedeconomic growth policies.

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(Zia-ul-Islam, 2001) gave that the concept of governance relates to the

quality of the relationship between government and the citizens whom it

exists to serve and protect. Governance may be defined as the manner in

which power is exercised in the management of a countrys economic and

social resources for development. This concept is concerned directly with

the management of development process, involving both the public and

private sector. Good governance relates to a pluralistic and holistic view

where responsibility is jointly shared by players in public sector, the

corporate private sector, and civil society by addressing the issues of

accountability, transparency, participation, openness, rule of law andpredictability. It is also a key link between growth and reduction of poverty

and inequality. As growth generates income, good governance trickles this

effect down to the masses, particularly the poor. The State is responsible for

creating a conducive political, legal and economic environment for building

individual capabilities and encouraging private initiative. The market on theother hand, is expected to create opportunities for people. Civil society

facilitates mobilization of public opinion and peoples participation in

economic, social and political activities. The contents of the afore

mentioned para helped the researcher to prepare introduction.

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Organization of Study

Chapter-1 :

- Introduction

- Historical Background

Chapter-2:

- Hypothesis

Chapter-3:

- Research Questions

Chapter-4

- Significance

- Methodology

Chapter-5:

- Literature review

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References:Bakhsh, A. M. (2004).Anti-Corruption: Strategies in Pakistan. Lahore: Book Biz.

Duncan, R.C. (2003, September). Governance and growth. Paper presented to the Symposium on

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paper+presented+to+the+Symposium+onGovernance+held+at+the+University+of+the+South+Pac

ific,+Suva,+September.&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESihrFs5u1lxUKjkudDckhS1a3J15p

Ft88qj8dAVzfxR7OVwn13DBJx2eitvJHmsK1QOOSAcrgyZQlRiP582ykynILgKvT4Kdw_JOYTg

GCHz90ybcWSkOA7JJXvFtBDXvfGIKHby&sig=AHIEtbQXi3N3Jv08XNz8OP92asgzn1nMPA

Husain, I. (1999). Institution of Restraint: The Misiing Element in Pakistan's Governance. The

Pakistann Development , 511- 515. Retrived from

http://www.researchgate.net/publication/24046157_Institutions_of_Restraint_The_Missing_Eleme

nt_in_Pakistans_Governance

Hussain, M., & hussain, A. (1993). Pakistan: Problems of Governance . Lahore: Vanguard Books

Pvt.Ltd.

Javaid, U. (2010). Corruption and its deep imapct on Pakistan. Lahore: Book Biz.

Khan, D. S. (2006). Public Administration:with special reference to Pakistan. Lahore: Amjad

Malik.

Mahmood, S. (2007). Good Governance Reforms in Agenda in Pakistan. Newyork: Nova Scienc.

Siddiqui, T. A. (2001). Towards Good Governance. Oxford University Press.

Zia-ul-Islam. (2001). Good Governance for Pakistan.

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