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SOCI A 327F
Globalization and Social Life
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The concept of globalism
The advocacy of Anti-globalization
movements
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Globalism and globalization
The ideological dimension of globalization
The nature and functions of ideology
Globalism is much advocated in certainpowerful globalizing organizations and media
The ideological claims of globalism
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Globalization: the social processes of the
intensification of transplanetary relationship
Globalism: an ideology that endows the
concept of globalization with neoliberal
values and meanings (Steger 2003: 94)
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Globalism as an ideology that supporting the
unfolding of globalization process
Globalism is advocated by the powerful
groups that are benefited by the current
patterns of globalization processes
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Nature An ideology can be defined as a system of widely
shared ideas, patterned beliefs, guiding norms
an va ues, an ea s accep e as ru y aparticular group of people.
In doing so, they help organize the tremendous
complexity of human experience into fairly simple,but frequently distorted, images that serve as
guide and compass for social and political action.
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Functions These simplified and distorted ideas are often
employed to legitimize certain political interests
or o e en om nan power s ruc ures. Seeking to imbue society with their preferred
norms and values, ideologists present the public
with a circumscribed agenda of things to discuss,claims to make, and questions to ask.
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Functions They speak to their audience in stories and
narratives that persuade, praise, condemn,
s ngu s ru s rom a se oo s , anseparate the 'good' from the "bad'.
ideology connects theory and practice by
orienting and organizing human action inaccordance with generalized claims and codes of
conduct. (Steger 2003: 93)
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Economic arena:
leaders of MNCs like BillGates of Microsoft
: ,IMF
Mass media: Business
Week, The Economist,The Forbes, Wall StreetJournal, Financial Times
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Globalization is about the liberalization andglobal integration of markets
An authoritative account of globalization
The close association between liberalization andglobalization
Liberalization and integration of global market as
a natural phenomenon The active role of government in promoting
liberalization policy
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Globalization is about the triumph ofmarkets over governments. Both
proponents and opponents of globalization
agree that the driving orce today ismarkets, which are suborning the role of
government.
Business Week, 13 December 1999
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One role [of government] is to get out ofthe way - to remove barriers to the free
flow of goods, services, and capital.
Joan Spiro, former US Under-Secretary of
State in the Clinton administration
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Globalization is inevitable and irreversible Treating globalization as a natural phenomenon,
happening in the physical world
Convincing the public and the politicians to liveunder and accept the burdens of this natural
phenomenon
An evolutionary perspective on socialdevelopment, treating the Anglo-American model
of development as the paradigm
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Today we must embrace the inexorable
logic of globalization - that everything from
the strength of our economy to the safety
o our cities, to the health o our people,depends on events not only within our
borders, but half a world away.. .
Globalization is irreversible.
Bill Clinton, former US President
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Globalization is inevitable and inexorable
and it is accelerating . . . Globalization is
happening, it's going to happen. It does not
matter whether you like it or not, it'shappening, its going to happen.
Frederick W. Smith, Chairman and CEO ofFedEx Corporation
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Nobody is in charge of globalization The operation of the global market follows the
economic law. It is not controlled by the intention ofany kind of people.
Treating globalization as a natural evolution concealsthe fact that some groups of people have far greaterpower in determining the operation of theglobalization process and are advancing their
interests within this process The transnational capitalist class aims to depoliticize
the imbalance of power in globalization
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Many on the Left dislike the global
marketplace because it epitomizes what
they dislike about markets in general: the
act that nobody is in charge. The truth isthat the invisible hand rules most domestic
markets, too, a reality that most Americans
seem to accept as a fact of life.
Paul Krugman, US economist
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The great beauty of globalization is that no
one is in control. The great beauty of
globalization is that it is not controlled by
any individual, any government, anyinstitution.
Robert Hormats, Vice Chairman of GoldmanSachs International
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Globalization benefits everyone
It is a crucial claim to justify the continuous
support to globalization
Globalists ignore the economic disparitiesbetween the rich and the poor, attributing these
disparities as the problem of episodic dislocation.These irregularities will be fixed by the market
itself.
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There can be little doubt that the
extraordinary changes in global finance on
balance have been beneficial in facilitating
signi icant improvements in economicstructures and living standards throughout
the world . . .
Alan Greenspan, Chairman of the US Federal
Reserve Board
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We are at an optimistic time in our world: the
barriers between nations are down, economicliberalism is decidedly afoot and proven to besound trade and investment are soarin
income disparities between nations arenarrowing, and wealth generation is at recordhigh levels, and I believe likely to remain so.
George David, CEO of United TechnologiesCorporation
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Globalization furthers the spread of democracy
in the world Globalists claim that free market is associated with
democrac . The breakdown of the Soviet bloc and the
introduction of democracy in the countries inside is asolid evidence to support this claim.
This understanding equates democracy with voting,neglecting the democratic participation of commonpeople in the decision-making process.
The developing countries with dictatorships actuallyachieved more trade in the global market.
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The emergence of new businesses and
shopping centers in former communist
countries should be seen as the backbone
o democracy.
Hillary Rodham Clinton, US Senator fromNew York
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The level of economic development
resulting from globalization is conducive to
the creation of complex civil societies with
a power ul middle class. It is this class andsocietal structure that facilitates
democracy.
Francis Fukuyama, Johns Hopkins University
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The advocacy of
the Anti-globalization movements
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Social movements challenging the existing
neoliberalist globalization
A collection o numerous movementspursuing a wide range of goals with different
means
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Two approaches to anti-globalization
movements
Particularist protectionist
Universal protectionist
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Against the threats of globalization to a
particular nation and culture in economic,
political and cultural arena
Against the dominant cultural values of
western, especially, American origins
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denounce free trade, the power of global
investors, the neoliberal agenda of
multinational corporations, and the
Americanization o the world as practicesthat have contributed to falling living
standards and/or moral decline.
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Targeting on the globalization loser in ones
own country, including include industrial
workers, small business owners, and small
armers
more concerned with the well-being of their
own citizens than with the construction of amore equitable international order based on
global solidarity.
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E.g. nationalist movements, such as Patrick
Buchanan and his Reform Party in USA, Jean-
Marie Le Pen's French National Front and
President Hugo Chavez's Venezuelan
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point to the possibility of constructing a new
international order based on a global redistribution ofwealth and power.
between the global North and South
include a growing number of non-governmentalorganizations and transnational networks concerned
with the protection of the environment, fair trade andinternational labour issues, human rights, andwomens issues.
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Calling for a 'globalization from below'
favouring the marginalized and poor, theyseek to protect ordinary people all over the
'
above'.
E.g. the consumer advocate Ralph Nader in
USA, Green party in Germany, HaitianPresident Jean-Bertrand Aristide's poorpeople's movement.
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Mass movements J18 on June 18, 1999: Labor, human and
environmental groups gathered in Londonchallenged the G8 Economic Summit held in
,
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40,000 - 50,000 people from differentcountries participated in an anti-WTO
protests in Seattle Alliance of different social movements
groups, ranging from universalprotectionist groups like human right
, ,
environmentalists, animal right activists,feminists, Particularist protectionists also
participated in the protest Different strategies like violent acts and
peaceful sit-in were adopted Internet and mobile phones were the
major means of communications formobilizing the participants
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World Trade
OrganizationMinisterial Conference
7,000-10,000
protestor from
different countries,notably South Korea
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9/11 attack by bin Laden
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The diversity of the movements and the difficulties in
constituting a single movement. Anti-globalization movements as an umbrella term for a
wide range of movements
Anti-globalization as purely oppositional movementsand lacks of a positive agenda. Different movements have different concrete tasks and
goals, but these tasks and goals are often contradictory For example, while the INGOs are concerned about the
fair trade, the right-ring activists argue for the subsidies ofnative production sectors
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Anti-globalizations are outside mainstream
politics and thus have limited effectiveness
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Globalism as the dominant discourse on
globalization advocated by powerful agents inglobalization
Anti-globalizations movements as an alternative
to the current form of globalization
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The major contribution of anti-globalization
movements is cultural in nature, alerting peopleabout the problem of neoliberal globalization and
.
The quest for real social change lies in the arena of
politics, with the goal of alternative policies in
different countries.
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Martell, Luke.2010. The Sociology of Globalization. Cambridge. Malden:Polity.
Scholte, Jan Aart. 2005. Globalization: a Critical Introduction. Basingstoke:Palgrave Macmillan.
Steger, Manfred B. 2003. Globalization: a Very Short Introduction. Oxford :Oxford University Press.