Materials: PowerPoint, Handout “Classical Greece”
HW#2.6: Read pp116-119 Writing Activity p 119
Vocabulary: aristocracy, Parthenon, pantheon, comedy, tragedy, drama
Do Now: Why do you think we refer to ancient Greece as “Classical”?
Architecture -Greeks used stone columns to support heavy stone roofs in their temples (Ionic & Doric styles). Many government buildings still use these styles today.
Mathematics -Pythagoras & Euclid helped to develop geometry – the study of angles
Government -Athens, a Greek city-state, developed an early form of democracy. The U.S. has imitated this government of for the people by the people.
Medicine -Hippocrates showed that diseases had natural rather than magical or religious causes.
Literature
Sports
-Greek authors, such as Homer, wrote lengthy stories about heroes that continue to inspire books & movies today.
-Authors like Euripides, developed tragedies (sad stories), that later influenced writers like William Shakespeare.
The Olympic games began in ancient Greece around 776 B.C.E and continue to our present
Which contribution do you think was most important to the world?
Promoted Cultural Diffusion (rivers, Mediterranean sea,)
Developed trade, farming and technology (boats)
-Spoke the same language-
Led Barriers (Mountains, Med Sea, Archipelago)
-developed different city states with different culture and government
AthensAthens SpartaSparta
PopulationPopulation
GovernmentGovernment
Social Social StructureStructure
Allies/MilitaryAllies/Military
Lifestyle/Lifestyle/ValuesValues
EducationEducation
Role of Role of WomenWomen
Cultural Cultural AchievementAchievement
FoodFood
AthensApproximately
140,000By 432 B.C. largest
city-state150,000 Athenians50,000 aliens and
100,000 slaves
Sparta8,000 adult malesOver 100,000 slaves
and semi-enslaved people
AthensDirect democracyElected officials
including 10 generals, magistrates
Council of 500: administer decision made by Assembly
Assembly: all male citizens; passed laws
Trial by jury
SpartaOligarchy: rule by fewCombination of
different forms of gov.Two kings: led army5 Overseers: ran day-
to-day operations of Sparta; had veto power
Senate: 28 men over 60; elected for life; acted as judges; proposed legislation
Assembly: all Spartan males
AthensFreemen: all male
citizensUpper: Aristocrats
Land owners Naval captains and military
leaders
Middle: small farmersLower: craftsmanMetics: foreignersSlaves: treated less
harshly than other Greek city-states
SpartaSpartiates: Land owning
military professionalsPerioeci: foreigners who
were craftsman, artisansHelots: serfs (farmers)
who worked on the Spartiates land Gave 1/2 of all their
produce to Spartiates / military
AthensDelian League:
collection of city-states that pledged loyalty to AthensAthens taxed them for
protectionAthens had very
strong navy
SpartaPeloponnesian League:Superior army on landEntire culture was
focused on the art of war
AthensDemocratic valuesParticipation in
government a civic responsibility
Many religious holidays
Theatre / sporting events
Trading empire brought contact with many other cultures
SpartaMilitaristic valuesCitizens were not
permitted to own luxuries
Children were taught to respect elderly, women, and warriors
AthensSchools taught reading,
writing and mathematics, music, poetry, sport and gymnastics
Ages 5-14 (wealthy went until 18)
Academies were set up to study philosophy, rhetoric, and ethics
Girls were taught homemaking skills
SpartaBoys: at age 7 they were
taken from their parents and taught the art of war Had to steal to survive At age 20 they entered the
military At age 30 they were able to
marryGirls: at age 7 they were
reading and writing, gymnastics, athletics and survival skills
AthensWomen were kept
at homeCould not
participate in athletics
Some women held high posts at religious ceremonies
SpartaGirls were educatedCould participate in
sportsGoal was to produce
healthy babiesMarried at 18Enjoyed a great deal
of freedomCould own and
control their propertyExpected to protect
land while husband was at war
AthensArt
Sculptures Pottery
ArchitectureDramaLiteraturePhilosophyScienceMedicineMathematicsDemocracy
SpartaMilitary
supremacySimple lifestyle“ideal” community
AthensEnjoyed food from all
over the empireTrade brought goods
from all over the Mediterranean region
SpartaSpartan Broth: pork,
blood, salt, vinegarTrained to dislike
luxuries and fancy food
Men lived separate from wives for much of the time
If you were a young teenage girl of the citizen class, in which city-state would you rather live? Why?
If you were a slave, in which would you rather live? Why?
If you were a boy of the citizen class, in which would you rather live? Why?
If you were a young soldier, in which would you rather live? Why?
If you were a very wealthy person of the citizen class, in which would you rather live? Why?
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