GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY SKILLS 101SKILLS 101
North Pole, 90ºN
Tropic of Capricorn, 23 1/2ºS
Tropic of Cancer, 23 1/2ºN
Antarctic Circle, 66 1/2ºS
Arctic Circle, 66 1/2ºN
South Pole, 90ºS
PracticePractice What major city has the following coordinates?What major city has the following coordinates?
41ºN, 73ºW (USA)41ºN, 73ºW (USA) 33ºN, 13ºE (Africa)33ºN, 13ºE (Africa) 33ºS, 71ºW33ºS, 71ºW 34ºS, 150ºE34ºS, 150ºE
Name the global address of:Name the global address of: Hanoi, VietnamHanoi, Vietnam Athens, GreeceAthens, Greece Tehran, IranTehran, Iran Sugar Land, TXSugar Land, TX
PracticePractice
Using an atlas, select a city Using an atlas, select a city outside of the United States outside of the United States and write down its absolute and write down its absolute location. Then, describe its location. Then, describe its
relative location.relative location.
Winkel Tripel Winkel Tripel ProjectionProjection
Robinson Robinson ProjectionProjection
Goode’s Interrupted Goode’s Interrupted Equal-Area Equal-Area ProjectionProjection
Mercator Mercator ProjectionProjection
TitleTitle-Describes what the map shows (place, time
period, etc.)
OrientationOrientation-refers to directions shown by compass rose
* cardinal directions = N, S, E, & W* intermediate directions = NW, NE, SW, & SE* must have at least North
Date & AuthorDate & Author
Date usually down here, too
-helps us judge accuracy of the map* Date tells us how up-to-date info. is* Author: is this person reliable?
LegendLegend-tells us what each symbol or color represents
ScaleScale-shows relationship between map measurements
and actual distances
IndexIndex-alphabetical list of places shown on a gridded map or set of maps (gives addresses of places listed)
* Always on back of map
GridGrid-Set of intersecting lines that determine absolute location
* Can be letter/number (city map)
* Typically latitude & longitude
SourceSource-used if information not obtained by direct experience or observation (gives us reliability as well)
Surrounding Surrounding PlacesPlaces-identifies places or features that border the
area depicted on a map (relative location)
Types of MapsTypes of Maps General PurposeGeneral Purpose
Physical: shows topography (shape) of Physical: shows topography (shape) of EarthEarth Displays relief: differences in elevation, Displays relief: differences in elevation,
landforms, etc.landforms, etc.
Political: shows boundaries of countries, Political: shows boundaries of countries, states, etc.states, etc. Displays human-made features (capitals, Displays human-made features (capitals,
roads, etc.roads, etc. Open to page 106 & 107Open to page 106 & 107
Types of MapsTypes of Maps
Special PurposeSpecial Purpose Emphasize a particular kind of Emphasize a particular kind of
informationinformation ClimateClimate Population densityPopulation density VegetationVegetation Economic activityEconomic activity Cartogram (RA38)Cartogram (RA38) Open to page 108 & 109Open to page 108 & 109
CartogramCartogram
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