GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY SKILLS 101SKILLS 101

North Pole, 90ºN

Tropic of Capricorn, 23 1/2ºS

Tropic of Cancer, 23 1/2ºN

Antarctic Circle, 66 1/2ºS

Arctic Circle, 66 1/2ºN

South Pole, 90ºS

PracticePractice What major city has the following coordinates?What major city has the following coordinates?

41ºN, 73ºW (USA)41ºN, 73ºW (USA) 33ºN, 13ºE (Africa)33ºN, 13ºE (Africa) 33ºS, 71ºW33ºS, 71ºW 34ºS, 150ºE34ºS, 150ºE

Name the global address of:Name the global address of: Hanoi, VietnamHanoi, Vietnam Athens, GreeceAthens, Greece Tehran, IranTehran, Iran Sugar Land, TXSugar Land, TX

PracticePractice

Using an atlas, select a city Using an atlas, select a city outside of the United States outside of the United States and write down its absolute and write down its absolute location. Then, describe its location. Then, describe its

relative location.relative location.

Winkel Tripel Winkel Tripel ProjectionProjection

Robinson Robinson ProjectionProjection

Goode’s Interrupted Goode’s Interrupted Equal-Area Equal-Area ProjectionProjection

Mercator Mercator ProjectionProjection

TitleTitle-Describes what the map shows (place, time

period, etc.)

OrientationOrientation-refers to directions shown by compass rose

* cardinal directions = N, S, E, & W* intermediate directions = NW, NE, SW, & SE* must have at least North

Date & AuthorDate & Author

Date usually down here, too

-helps us judge accuracy of the map* Date tells us how up-to-date info. is* Author: is this person reliable?

LegendLegend-tells us what each symbol or color represents

ScaleScale-shows relationship between map measurements

and actual distances

IndexIndex-alphabetical list of places shown on a gridded map or set of maps (gives addresses of places listed)

* Always on back of map

GridGrid-Set of intersecting lines that determine absolute location

* Can be letter/number (city map)

* Typically latitude & longitude

SourceSource-used if information not obtained by direct experience or observation (gives us reliability as well)

Surrounding Surrounding PlacesPlaces-identifies places or features that border the

area depicted on a map (relative location)

Types of MapsTypes of Maps General PurposeGeneral Purpose

Physical: shows topography (shape) of Physical: shows topography (shape) of EarthEarth Displays relief: differences in elevation, Displays relief: differences in elevation,

landforms, etc.landforms, etc.

Political: shows boundaries of countries, Political: shows boundaries of countries, states, etc.states, etc. Displays human-made features (capitals, Displays human-made features (capitals,

roads, etc.roads, etc. Open to page 106 & 107Open to page 106 & 107

Types of MapsTypes of Maps

Special PurposeSpecial Purpose Emphasize a particular kind of Emphasize a particular kind of

informationinformation ClimateClimate Population densityPopulation density VegetationVegetation Economic activityEconomic activity Cartogram (RA38)Cartogram (RA38) Open to page 108 & 109Open to page 108 & 109

CartogramCartogram