8/2/2019 Genetic Modified Plant Resisatance to Fungus and Bisafety
1/14
8/2/2019 Genetic Modified Plant Resisatance to Fungus and Bisafety
2/14
Introduction .
Fungus Resistant Transgenic
Plant Production. Topics of Concern in GM
Crops Related to Biosafety.
8/2/2019 Genetic Modified Plant Resisatance to Fungus and Bisafety
3/14
Genetic Modified Organism are plantswhose DNA is modified using genetic
engineering techniques.
Biosafety in Agriculture (reducing the riskof alien viral or transgenic genes, or prions
such as BSE/"MadCow", reducing the risk
of food bacterial contamination).
8/2/2019 Genetic Modified Plant Resisatance to Fungus and Bisafety
4/14
Fungus and their effects on plant Plants
diseases cause approximately 12 % yieldloss at the field level, to which are
added 9 - 20 % during post-harvest
stages (Agrios 1997). Among the culpritscausing this huge loss, the most
devastating pathogens are fungi (Pennisi
2001). .
8/2/2019 Genetic Modified Plant Resisatance to Fungus and Bisafety
5/14
Fungus Resistant Transgenic Plant
Production1. Toxic pathogens or reduce their growth e.g.
pathogenesis-related proteins (PR proteins) and
phytoalexins, .
2. Destroy or neutralize the components of
pathogen arsenal e.g. polygalacturonase, oxalic
acid.
3. Enhance structural defense in the plants e.g.
peroxidase and lignin.
8/2/2019 Genetic Modified Plant Resisatance to Fungus and Bisafety
6/14
4. Regulate signals to control plant defenses. e.g.
hydrogen peroxidase (H2O2), salicylic acid (SA) andethylene (C2H4).
5. Expression of the resistance gene (R) products
involved in hypersensitive response (HR).
6. Binding or inactivation of fungal toxins thus
stopping invasion of fungus by expression of R
gene.
7. Production of RNAi, RNase and lysozyme .
Fungus Resistant Transgenic Plant
Production
8/2/2019 Genetic Modified Plant Resisatance to Fungus and Bisafety
7/14
Risks for animal and human
health
Risks for the environment
Horizontal gene transfer Risks for agriculture
General concerns
8/2/2019 Genetic Modified Plant Resisatance to Fungus and Bisafety
8/14
- toxicity & food/feed quality/safety;
allergies;- pathogen drug resistance (antibiotic
resistance).
8/2/2019 Genetic Modified Plant Resisatance to Fungus and Bisafety
9/14
- Persistency of gene or transgene or of
transgene products (accumulative effects).- Susceptibility of non-target organisms.
- Change in use of chemicals in agriculture.
- Unpredictable gene expression or
transgene instability.
- Environmentally-induced (abiotic)
changes in transgene expression.
- Ecological fitness.
- Changes to biodiversity.
- Impact on soil fertility, soil degradation of
organic material
8/2/2019 Genetic Modified Plant Resisatance to Fungus and Bisafety
10/14
- Genetic pollution through pollen or
seed dispersal.
- Transfer of foreign gene tomicroorganisms (DNA uptake) or
generation of new live viruses by
recombination (transcapsidation,complementation, etc.)
8/2/2019 Genetic Modified Plant Resisatance to Fungus and Bisafety
11/14
- Resistance/tolerance of target organisms.
- Weeds or superweeds.
- Alteration of nutritional value
(attractiveness of the organism to pests).
- Change in cost of agriculture.
- Unpredictable variation in active product
availability.
- Loss of familiarity/changes in agricultural
practice.
8/2/2019 Genetic Modified Plant Resisatance to Fungus and Bisafety
12/14
- Detection and analytical methods.
- Ethical issues (eg. labelling).
- Risk assessment/ risk management;
- General biosafety.- Public attitudes.
- Legislation (incl. liability & redress).
- Monitoring; socio-economics.- IPR (Intellectual Property Rights);
8/2/2019 Genetic Modified Plant Resisatance to Fungus and Bisafety
13/14
- Agrios GN (1997) . Plant Pathology. Academic Press,
California, pp. 635.Pennisi E (2001).The push to pit
genomics against fungal pathogens. Science 292: 2273-
2274.
- Pennisi E (2001).The push to pit genomics against fungal
pathogens. Science 292: 2273-2274.
- Clausen M, Kruter R, Schachermayr G, Potrykus I andSautter C (2000) Antifungal activity of virally encoded gene
in transgenic wheat. Nature Biotechnology 18: 446-449.
- Takaichi M and Oeda K (2000) Transgenic carrots with
enhanced resistance against two major pathogens,Erysiphe heraclei and Alternaria dauci. Plant Sci. 153: 135-
144.
- Lorito M and Scala F (1999) Microbial genes expressed in
transgenic plants to improve disease resistance. J. Plant
Pathol. 81: 73-88.
Reference
8/2/2019 Genetic Modified Plant Resisatance to Fungus and Bisafety
14/14
Top Related