Genetic Engineering/Recombinant DNA
The direct manipulation of an organisms genome using biotechnology
New DNA is inserted into a host genome Host organism transcribes and translates
that DNA into a protein not normally manufactured by that organism
Important/Interesting Examples: Insulin(and other biopharmaceutical)producing bacteria & animals, GloFish, GMO’s
Gene Therapy The use of DNA as a drug to treat disease by
delivering therapeutic DNA into a patients cells.
Good gene is inserted using a virus to replace a mutated gene.
Has been used to treat: Choroderemia, Immunodeficiency diseases, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Beta-thalassemia, and color-blindness in dogs
Speculative Uses:• Designer children and curing genetic diseases in vitro• Gene Doping to improve athletic performance
GENE THERAPY
DNA Fingerprinting The isolation, imaging and matching of
DNA sequences Used to identify individuals by matching
their DNA profiles Parental Testing, Criminal Investigations,
Identification of suspects & victims, natural disasters, acts of terrorism.
Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA into small pieces that are then separated on a GEL.
BioInformatics Using computers to store, organize,
and compare the genomes of all living organisms
Uses:• Sequence Analysis & Comparison• Computational Evolutionary Biology• Genetics of Disease: Breast cancer,
Alzheimer’s• Oncogenomics: Analysis of mutations in
cancer• Analysis of causes of epidemics
Cloning Production of genetically identical
populations of existing organisms, cells or tissues
Important Uses:• Cloning Stem Cells• Cloning whole organisms• Cloning of Extinct & Endangered Species
Some organisms that have been cloned:• Tadpoles, Carp, mice, sheep, pig, cattle, cat,
dog, wolf, camel, Pyrenean Ibex
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