ESS Accelerator and Target – Enabling discovery
Mats Lindroos
Head of Accelerator
Christine Darve
Deputy WP leader SRF accelerator
www.europeanspallationsource.se Lund 18 September 2014
Headline
• The ESS project
• Accelerator
• Target
• Is there any role for regional actors?
2
Helicopter view of ESS
Protons
Target Moderator
NEUTRONS
ESS – Neutron sources for research
4
Berkeley 37-inch cyclotron
350 mCi Ra-Be source
Chadwick
1930 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
105
1010
1015
1020
1
ISIS
Pulsed Sources
ZINP-P
ZINP-P/
KENS WNR IPNS
ILL
X-10
CP-2
Steady State Sources
HFBR
HFIR NRU MTR NRX
CP-1
1940 1950 1960
Effe
ctiv
e th
erm
al n
eutr
on fl
ux n
/cm
2 -s
(Updated from Neutron Scattering, K. Skold and D. L. Price, eds., Academic Press, 1986)
FRM-II SINQ
SNS ESS
High power accelerator around the world
5
Road to realizing the world’s leading facility for research using neutrons
6
2014 Construction work starts on the site
2009 Decision: ESS will be built in Lund
2025 ESS construction complete
2003 First European design effort of ESS completed
2012 ESS Design Update phase complete
2019 First neutrons on instruments
2023 ESS starts user program
Top-Level ESS Project Schedule
Collaborative projects
• ESS is an emerging research laboratory with (still) very limited capacity in-house
• Two possibilities:
• Limit the scope of the project so that it can be done with in-house resources
• Work in a collaboration where the scope of the project can be set by the total capacity (distributed) of the partners
• The accelerator part of the project well suited for this as this community has a strong tradition of open collaboration (XFEL, FAIR, European commission framework programs and design studies, LHC,...)
• To keep cost down and to optimize schedule this requires that investments in required infrastructure is done at the partner with best capacity to deliver
8
Science institutions involved in the design & construction of ESS
John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, London and Oxford Laval University, Canada
Maribor University, Slovenia National Centre for Nuclear Research, Poland
Oslo University Rostock University
Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge Stockholm University
Techical University of Darmstadt Nuclear Physics Institute Of The Ascr
Czech Technical University, Prague Aarhus University
University Of Copenhagen University Of Southern Danmark
Technical University Of Danmark - Dtu Institut Laue-Langevin - Ill
Llb (Laboratoire Léon Brillouin) Helmholtz-Zentrum, Berlin
Helmholtz-Zentrum, Geesthacht Technical University, Munich
Forschungszentrum, Jülich Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste
Università Di Perugia Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche
Delft University Of Technology Institute For Energy Technology, Ife
Linköping University Mid Sweden University
Epfl | École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne Paul Scherrer Institute, Psi
Aarhus University CEA Saclay, Paris CNRS Orsay, Paris ESS Bilbao INFN, Catania Lund University Uppsala University Accelerator Science and Technology Centre, Daresbury and Oxford CERN, Geneva Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury DESY, Hamburg ESS Bilbao Fermi National Laboratory, Chicago
Fractality and entanglement
TTC@DESY - C. Darve - 24/03/14
New Collaborations to Empower ?
Accelerator
10
What is 5 MegaWatts?
• One beam pulse – has the same energy as a 16 lb
(7.2kg) shot traveling at • 1100 km/hour • Mach 0.93
– has the same energy as a 1000 kg car traveling at 96 km/hour
– happens 14 x per second
• Heat 3100 houses
• You boil 1000 kg of ice in 83 seconds
– A ton of tea!!!
Build and operate a 5 MW SRF linac
Design Drivers: High Average Beam Power 5 MW High Peak Beam Power 125 MW High Availability > 95%
Key parameters: - Pulse length: 2.86 ms - Energy: 2.0 GeV - Peak current: 62.5 mA - Repetition rate: 14 Hz - Protons (H+) - Low losses - Minimize energy use - Flexible design for future upgrades
Spokes Medium β High β DTL MEBT RFQ LEBT Source HEBT & Contingency Target 2.4 m 4.6 m 3.8 m 39 m 56 m 77 m 179 m
75 keV 3.6 MeV 90 MeV 216 MeV 571 MeV 2000 MeV
352.21 MHz 704.42 MHz
SRF section Num. of CMs
Num. of cavities
Spoke 13 26
Medium β (6-cell) 9 36
High β (5-cell) 21 84
Accelerator project collaborations
Sebastien Bousson
Pierre Bosland
Santo Gammino
Søren Pape Møller
Roger Ruber
Ibon Bustinduy
CERN The National Center for Nuclear Research, Swierk
Anders J Johansson
Roger Barlow
ESS SRF Cavity Cryomodules
4 Elliptical Cavities per Cryomodule
2 Spoke Cavities per Cryomodule
Power coupler Cold tuning System Ti. Helium tank
Segmented SRF linac with RT focusing elements
14
And not to forget…
Many opportunities for new IK partners!
Main cost contributors
16
• Elliptical section provides 95 % of the acceleration energy • Elliptical cryomodules occupy 19 % of the cost (45 CM) • Elliptical section covers 62 % of the linac cost • RF cost distributed over 5 major systems, with 82 % for the elliptical section • Klystrons and modulator cover 80 % of the elliptical RF system cost
ACCSYS update in-kind discussions
17
• Potential partners identified for 60 % of the total planned/potential in-kind value. • Planned/potential in-kind is 78 % of accelerator budget. • Many activities start 2014, reflecting the importance of reaching agreements soon.
Håkan Danared, ACCSYS in-kind manager
A complementary initiative based on education: The Baltic Accelerator School
18
BAS2015 summer school will be hold in Lund University from August 17 to 21, 2015.
~20 students at levels between the bachelor's and master's degrees.
The objective is to teach the basics of accelerator physics and technology, and to demonstrate for the students that this is an interesting and broad subject, carried out in an international environment. The initiative shall encourage students to pursue a career in accelerator physics and technology.
Another important aspect is to increase visibility of the lively activities in accelerator physics and technology in Lund (MAX IV Laboratory, ESS and Lund University), Aarhus University, Uppsala University, Oslo University and Jyväskylä University.
The aim of the BAS2015 is also to develop a strategic partnership between European universities and to establish a series of biennial summer school following this first edition.
Target
19
Functions:
• Convert protons to usable neutrons
• Heat removal
• Confinement and shielding
Unique features:
• Rotating target
• He-cooled W target
• High brightness moderators
20
Proton beam window
Moderator and reflector plug Target wheel
Neutron beam extraction
Target drive housing
Neutron beam window
Steel shielding
Monolith liner
Target station converts protons to “slow” neutrons
• Diameter ~ 11 m; Height ~ 8 m • Mass ~ 7000 tonnes (mainly steel)
Target Station includes systems that address nuclear hazards
21
~ 130 m long
Accelerator – Target interface
Target monolith, incl. Moderator & Reflector Systems, and Target Systems
Fluid Systems
High bay
Remote Handling Systems
• Remote Handling Systems including hot cells and associated equipment for maintenance and storage of irradiated components
• Target Safety System including credited controls to protect public and environment from radioactive hazard
• Fluid Systems including He and H2O coolant loops, ventilation, filtering, etc.
In-Kind Partners Are Being Sought to Accomplish Target Station Scope
22
Is there any role for regional actors?
23
Lund University Activities in Accelerator Development for ESS
24
• Development of the low level RF system for the ESS linear accelerator.
• Development of prototypes for high power high voltage pulsed modulators.
• Participates in cavity development for normal conducting accelerator.
• Total: 40 MSEK • ESS AB: 27.5 MSEK • Planning test stand for klystrons and high
power modulators. • Cost estimated to be approx. 15 MSEK. LLRF system test bench and prototype.
R&D on High Voltage and High Power Klystron Modulators for the ESS accelerator
An effective collaborative effort in Skåne
ESS has established an innovative R&D program with LTH – Lund University, involving local industry…
… for the design, construction and testing of … a reduced scale technology demonstrator of
… a High Voltage High Power Klystron Modulator rated at … 115 kV (pulse voltage), 2.3 MW (pulse power), 3.5 ms / 14 Hz (pulse length and repetition rate)
Worldwide unique technology, at this power level, requiring new concepts and new construction techniques;
Project development period: From June 2013 to April 2015;
Total budget: 7.2 MSEK; ( 75% spent in Skåne )
35 units will be required for ESS accelerator, with a power rating 5x higher than the reduced scale technology demonstrator
Jun ’13
Design and specifications: - ESS and LTH;
R&D and training of Highly Qualified Personnel: - LTH (3 MSc thesis, 5 Research associate,
1 PhD thesis starting Jan 2015);
Control system hardware : - National Instruments AB, Skåne business
center;
Control system software : - Lund University Innovation System (LUIS) AB;
Construction (Low Voltage part): - AQ Elautomatik AB, in Lund;
From a conceptual design to reality…
Sept ’13 – May ’14
Apr ’14 Aug ’14
- EMC FILTER- MCB
- PRECHARGE CIRCUIT- AUX. POWER SUPPLY
(access from front and/or back)
(PART OF THE SUPPLY)
- LINE CONTACTORS(KAC A,B,C)
- LINE INDUCTORS(Lf R,S,T – A,B,C)- AC/DC ACTIVE
RECTIFIERS (#A,B,C)- DC/DC CONVERTERS
(#A,B,C)- DC INDUCTORS
(Ldc A,B,C)(access from front and/or
back)
(PART OF THE SUPPLY)
- CONTROLLER(NOT PART OF THE SUPPLY)
1500600
~ 6
50
2100
1150
CABINET #2 – INVERTERS
(PART OF THE SUPPLY)
(PART OF THE SUPPLY)
(PART OF THE SUPPLY)
CABINET #1– CAPACITOR CHARGERS(PART OF THE SUPPLY, EXCEPT CONTROLLER)
OIL TANK(NOT PART OF THE SUPPLY)
15006002100
330
OIL TANK(NOT PART OF THE SUPPLY)
(PART OF THE SUPPLY)
(PART OF THE SUPPLY)(PART OF THE SUPPLY)
(PART OF THE SUPPLY)
- CONTROLLER(NOT PART OF THE SUPPLY)
VIEW FROM FRONT
650
May ’14
Existing contract: • RF Design and FREIA
SRF Test Facility
FREIA at Uppsala University
Total: 177 MSEK ESS AB: 60 MSEK
Proposed new contract: • Detailed report on spoke cryomodule prototype tests • Spoke cryomodule acceptance tests • Spoke valvebox prototype tests • Contributions to control system • UU personnel working at ESS, Lund
Beam delivery system – Aarhus Universitet
28
› Small, bright beam in large aperture › 1 W/m onto components › Hands-on maintenance
• Large beam to compact target/moderator
• 5 MW onto components
• Remote maintenance
Accelerator region Target region
@ shield wall >100 MW/mm2 peak
LANL APT: final design – Aarhus Universitet
29
x,y
[arb
. uni
ts]
One pattern cycle
fy / fx = 5:4
ESS Challenges:
› f ~ 40 kHz, Tp-p = 12.5 us
Max(∆x) = 70 mm, max(∆y) = 16 mm, RMS(x-∆x) = 12.6 mm, RMS(y-∆y) = 6.3 mm
20 ms pattern cycle
Beam inside the Target Monolith
30
Beam on rotating tungsten target
Proton Beam Instrumentation Plug
Proton Beam WIndow
Collaborations enable discovery!
- The ESS design update:
- A highly collaborative project
- A baseline design based on the most suitable and best technology of today
- Enough time for ESS to recruit skilled staff further design work and for coordination and integration
- The construction stage:
- Partners from Pre-Construction have expressed there intention to continue through Construction
- Discussions under way with additional partners for the construction stage, many new opportunities identified!
- Most procurement will be done by in-kind partners – Swedish ILO office should help to make requests for quotes available for the region
- Procurements done by ESS is always open for all actors – Swedish ILO office should again help!
- The operation and pre-operation stage:
- 140 Meuro annual operation budget from 2023
- Experience shows that 80% goes regionally – If you are active this will be true at ESS as well!
ESS ground Breaking
32
Thanks for your attention !
The ESS as a gateway to innovation !
Extra slides
GEO SCIENCE
LIGHTNING
TAILOR MADE
MATERIAL
MEDICINE
SOLAR ENERGY
BIO FUEL
TRANSPORTS
COSMETICS
FUNCTIONAL FOOD
MOBILE PHONES
PACE- MAKERS
IMPLANTS
NEW MATERIALS
EU Horizon 2020 – strategy
ESS: Materials, Life Science and Society
ESS In-kind contributions potential
36
Target station € 154M
Accelerator € 510M
NSS/Instruments € 350M
In-kind
Cash
Total construction cost: € 1,84 billion
TTC@DESY - C. Darve - 24/03/14
ESS Control and Command System
37
ESS = first sustainable big-science facility
38
Renewable CO2 - 120 000 ton/year For 40 years (36 MW / year)
Recyclable CO2 - 15 000 ton/year
Responsible CO2 - 30 000 ton/year
CO2 neutral
10,000 houses to be powered
Modulator Efficiency 90% to >95%
RF Efficiency 43% to >60%
Power Saving from High Beta section 3. MW
Example of Responsible attitude: Choice of IOT Energy Advantage
Heat from collectors can still be recovered
High Efficiency and Minimal Energy Consumption is Mandatory for ESS
Efficiency higher still at low current
39
Top Related